[Overview of the prevalence and features of oncological diseases in type 2 diabetes and possible immunological mechanisms].

Worldwide, the number of patients with diabetes has quadrupled over the past three decades. Every eleventh adult is currently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, 90% of which are type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Generally recognized complications of chronic hyperglycemia include micro- and macrovascular changes, damage to peripheral and/or autonomous nerve fibers. Scientists have also long discussed the relationship between an increase in the number of certain cancers and the presence of DM2. Based on the presence of common risk factors such as age, ethnicity, dietary habits and physical activity, many epidemiological and experimental studies are being conducted, which gradually contribute to understanding the relationship between these diseases. Taking into account the results of numerous studies, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and chronic inflammation, which are observed in DM 2, have a positive association with an increased risk of certain types of malignancies. In this article, the authors consider pathological changes in DM2 that potentiate the development of oncological diseases and epidemiological data reflecting the correlation between DM2 and the occurrence of malignant tumors.