{"title":"Comparison of analgesic efficacy of combined external oblique intercostal and rectus sheath block with local infiltration analgesia at port site in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Vaishnovi Gangadhar, Anju Gupta, Suman Saini","doi":"10.17085/apm.24002","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.24002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Conventional fascial plane block approaches for upper abdominal surgeries spare the lateral cutaneous nerve. An external oblique intercostal block (EOIB) may be suitable for upper abdominal incisions as it blocks the lateral and anterior branches of the intercostal nerves T6-T10. However, there is a paucity of studies evaluating this block in clinical settings. The study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of combined EOIB and rectus sheath block with local infiltration analgesia (LIA) in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After obtaining written informed consent, 70 patients were randomly allocated to undergo right-sided EOIB with 20 ml and left-sided RSB with 10 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine at the end of surgery (group ER, n = 35). Patients in the LIA group (n = 35) underwent local infiltration at the port site using 20 ml of the same solution (group LIA, n=35).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The visual analog scale scores with combined EOI and RSB were significantly lower than those with LIA at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 h (P < 0.001). Rescue analgesics were required by 65.7% and 14.3% of the patients in the LIA and block groups, respectively (P < 0.001). The time to first rescue analgesic was significantly greater in the ER group than that in the LIA group (2.8 ± 1.10 vs. 1.6 ± 0.50 h; P = 0.012). The number of times rescue analgesia was required was significantly lower in the ER group than that in the LIA group (1.00 ± 0.00 vs. 1.83 ± 0.72; P = 0.015). Nausea and vomiting scores were higher in the LIA group than those in the ER group (P < 0.001). Patient satisfaction scores were higher in the ER group than those in the LIA group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EOIB combined with RSB provides superior analgesia compared with LIA and should be considered for LC.</p>","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":"19 3","pages":"247-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11317318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimizing patient-controlled analgesia: a narrative review based on a single center audit process.","authors":"Chahyun Oh, Woosuk Chung, Boohwi Hong","doi":"10.17085/apm.24075","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.24075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is valuable for delivering opioids in a flexible and timely manner. Although it is designed to offer personalized analgesia driven by the patients themselves, users often report insufficient pain relief, which can be addressed by optimizing its settings and multimodal analgesia. We adopted a systematic approach to modify PCA protocols by utilizing a serial audit process based on institutional PCA data. This review retrospectively examined the process, encompassing data from 13,230 patients who had used PCA devices. The two modifications to the fentanyl-based PCA protocols resulted in three distinct phases. In the first phase, high opioid consumption and unintended PCA withdrawal were the common issues. These were addressed in the second phase by omitting the routine use of basal infusion. However, this led to increased delivery-to-demand ratios, mitigated in the third phase by increasing the bolus dose from 15 μg to 20 μg. These serial protocol changes have produced varied outcomes across different surgical departments, underscoring the need for careful and gradual adjustments and thorough impact assessments. Drawing insights from this audit process, we incorporated findings from the literature on PCA settings and multimodal analgesic approaches. This review underscores the significance of iterative feedback and refinement of analgesic protocols to achieve optimal postoperative pain management. Additionally, it discusses critical considerations regarding the postoperative audit processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":"19 3","pages":"171-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11317320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anesthetic considerations for joint replacement surgery in hemophilic arthropathy: a comprehensive review.","authors":"H Shafeeq Ahmed, Purva Reddy Jayaram","doi":"10.17085/apm.24047","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.24047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Managing hemophilia in patients undergoing joint replacement surgery requires a comprehensive approach encompassing preoperative assessment, meticulous intraoperative care, and tailored postoperative management. Evaluation of joint integrity, bleeding history, and inhibitor presence guides surgical planning and hemostatic therapy selection to optimize outcomes. During surgery, careful attention to factor replacement, antibiotic prophylaxis, anesthetic techniques, and orthopedic strategies minimizes bleeding risk and enhances surgical success. Postoperatively, effective pain management, continued hemostatic therapy, and individualized rehabilitation programs are vital for facilitating recovery and preventing complications. Close monitoring for potential complications, such as periprosthetic joint infection and recurrent hemarthrosis, allows for prompt intervention when necessary. Overall, a collaborative approach involving hematologists, orthopedic surgeons, anesthesiologists, and rehabilitation specialists ensures comprehensive care tailored to the unique needs of patients with hemophilia undergoing joint replacement surgery, ultimately optimizing outcomes and improving quality of life. This holistic approach addresses the multifaceted challenges posed by hemophilia and joint replacement surgery, providing patients with the best possible chance for successful outcomes and long-term joint function. By integrating specialized expertise from multiple disciplines and implementing evidence-based strategies, healthcare providers can effectively manage hemophilia in the context of joint replacement surgery, mitigating risks and maximizing benefits for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":" ","pages":"194-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11317322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of low-dose ketamine to methadone for postoperative pain in opioid addicts: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Elham Bakhtiari, Mehrdad Mokaram Dori, Millad Reza Darban Razavi, Andia Peivandi Yazdi, Arash Peivandi Yazdi","doi":"10.17085/apm.23129","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.23129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postoperative pain can lead to several complications. The effectiveness of different opioids in relieving pain after surgery has been widely studied. However, managing pain in patients with opioid addiction is still challenging. This study aimed to examine the impact of ketamine and methadone on postoperative pain in patients with addiction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a non-inferiority randomized clinical trial. All included patients were monitored for morphine use, pain scores, and vital signs every 3 h. The intervention group received 0.5 mg/kg ketamine administered intravenously every 6 h. The control group received 5 mg of methadone intramuscularly every 8 h. The patient received intravenous morphine if their visual analog scale was above 3. All side effects in each group were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred and twenty patients were included in this study. There were 127 men (57.7%) with an average age of 57.1 ± 19.5 and 93 women (42.3%) with an average age of 57.1 ± 21.0. There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics between the groups. There was no significant difference in the dose or frequency of morphine administration between groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in pain scores and vital signs at different time points. Drug side effects, including delirium and gastrointestinal symptoms, did not differ significantly between the methadone and ketamine groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our clinical data support the hypothesis that ketamine is not inferior to methadone in patients with addiction. Future randomize clinical trials are needed to confirm these observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":"19 3","pages":"209-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11317317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moon Ok Lee, Seonghyeon Cho, Chaeeun Kim, Hanna Koh
{"title":"Does drug-induced liver injury still occur after sevoflurane anesthesia? -A case report.","authors":"Moon Ok Lee, Seonghyeon Cho, Chaeeun Kim, Hanna Koh","doi":"10.17085/apm.24027","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.24027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several factors contribute to post-anesthetic hepatic dysfunction, including a decrease in oxygen supply to the liver, direct physical compression of the liver, viral hepatitis, blood transfusions, preexisting hepatic dysfunction, and the use of hepatotoxic drugs. Diagnosing volatile anesthetic drug-induced liver injury (VA-DILI) involves excluding these causes.</p><p><strong>Case: </strong>The patient underwent total mastectomy under anesthesia using sevoflurane. He had diabetes, and no abnormal results were found on preoperative laboratory examinations, and surgery was uneventful. Abnormal laboratory findings were observed after surgery, including an aspartate aminotransferase level of 1,417 IU/L, an alanine aminotransferase level of 2,176 IU/L, and a total bilirubin level of 3.8 mg/dl. He presented with symptoms of mild icteric sclera, fatigue, and pruritus. After ruling out other causes of liver injury, we concluded that these results indicated VA-DILI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VA-DILI, though rare, we should be aware of the association between the disease and the use of halogenated anesthetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":"19 3","pages":"227-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11317315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intubation of underestimated airway in a patient with epiglottis adhesion to the posterior wall of the laryngeal cavity -A case report.","authors":"Gayoung Jin, Sukyoung Lee, Jungchan Park","doi":"10.17085/apm.23151","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.23151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epiglottis abnormality is rare condition and can lead embarrassing intubation to anesthesiologists. Here, we reported a case of successful management in a patient with unexpected hidden vocal cords due to epiglottis adhesion to the posterior wall of the laryngeal cavity.</p><p><strong>Case: </strong>A 60-year-old female with no underlying disease was scheduled for general anesthesia to undergo a left-cochlear implant operation. After the induction procedure (including intravenous injection of rocuronium), an epiglottic adhesion to the posterior wall of the laryngeal cavity and invisible vocal cords were confirmed. Although the first trial of intubation failed, the patient's airway was successfully managed using a technique that combined a video-styletscope (Markstein Sichtec Medical Co., 5.0 mm ID) with a video-laryngoscope (Insighters ®, Cedrus Medical).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Anesthesiologists may unexpectedly encounter asymptomatic abnormal airways with unknown causes. In such a situation, it is essential to establish a strategy and to select appropriate device according to patient circumstances.</p>","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":" ","pages":"256-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11317312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yundo Jung, Sungyeon Jung, Seungcheol Yu, Mi Ae Jeong, Cho Long Kim
{"title":"Gastric distension and atelectasis after using a supraglottic airway - A case report.","authors":"Yundo Jung, Sungyeon Jung, Seungcheol Yu, Mi Ae Jeong, Cho Long Kim","doi":"10.17085/apm.23108","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.23108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Supraglottic airways (SGAs) are used during general anesthesia (GA) due to comfort. Certain complications are possible, such as gastric distension. The incidence of pulmonary aspiration of regurgitated gastric contents was found to be 0.02%. A difference in the incidence of gastric regurgitation was not identified between the use of SGAs and endotracheal intubation. We report a case of gastric distension and atelectasis in a patient in whom an I-gel® was used for GA.</p><p><strong>Case: </strong>A 63-year-old female patient underwent triple arthrodesis on her ankle under GA using an SGA (I-gel® size 3). After surgery, she suffered from nausea and abdominal bloating. A chest radiograph revealed that a large amount of air in her stomach had caused gastric distention, which resulted in left hemidiaphragm elevation and atelectasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case illustrates that the use of I-gel® in prolonged surgeries may result in malposition of the SGA and gastric insufflation and atelectasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":" ","pages":"261-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11317319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soo-Hyuk Yoon, Susie Yoon, Da Som Jeong, Minah Lee, Eunju Lee, Young Jae Cho, Ho-Jin Lee
{"title":"A smart device application for acute pain service in surgical patients at a tertiary hospital in South Korea: a prospective observational feasibility study.","authors":"Soo-Hyuk Yoon, Susie Yoon, Da Som Jeong, Minah Lee, Eunju Lee, Young Jae Cho, Ho-Jin Lee","doi":"10.17085/apm.24059","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.24059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pain assessment and patient education are essential for successful postoperative pain management. However, the provision of personnel for performing these tasks is often insufficient. Recently, attempts have been made to implement smartphone applications for educating and monitoring surgical patients. We developed a smartphone application (app) for postoperative pain management, and conducted a feasibility study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center prospective observational study included 60 patients aged < 70 years who underwent elective surgery. This study evaluated the SmartAPS application, which offers tools for postoperative pain assessment and educational materials for pain management. The primary outcome was the active usage rate, defined as responding at least twice daily on postoperative days (PODs) 1 and 2. Additionally, we investigated patient satisfaction with the app and educational videos as well as any challenges encountered during use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty patients were enrolled in the study and active app use was achieved in 56.7% of them. Response rates peaked at 85.0% for pain intensity and 83.3% for opioid-related side effects at 14:00 on POD 1 but dropped to 56.7% and 58.3%, respectively, at 18:00 on POD 2. Among the patients who responded to the survey regarding the app usage, 84.0% reported satisfaction with the app and 80% found it beneficial for managing postoperative pain. Furthermore, 92.0% did not encounter difficulties using the app, indicating a generally positive user experience.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings support the utility of the SmartAPS application in acute pain services, highlighting its potential for improving postoperative pain management.</p>","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":" ","pages":"216-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11317321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of 2% lidocaine infiltration and eutectic mixture of local anesthetics cream application before spinal needle insertion for pain reduction and assessment of maternal satisfaction levels in women undergoing cesarean section at a tertiary care setup in Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Malika Hameed, Sobia Khan","doi":"10.17085/apm.23136","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.23136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to compare two analgesic pretreatment techniques for assessing pain reduction before spinal needle insertion and the subsequent patient satisfaction levels in pregnant female patients undergoing cesarean sections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty pregnant female patients scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were randomly assigned to two groups. The Lidocaine group received local skin infiltration with 2% lidocaine pretreatment before spinal needle introducer insertion, whereas the eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) group received EMLA (lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) cream pretreatment for at least 30 min before spinal needle introducer insertion. Subjective and objective pain scores, procedure duration, number of attempts, maternal satisfaction, and decisions regarding future numbing procedures and regional anesthesia were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The demographic characteristics of the patients were similar between groups. The mean visual analogue scale pain score was significantly lower in the EMLA group compared to the lidocaine group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the objective pain score was significantly lower in the EMLA group (P < 0.05). The duration of spinal block placement was significantly longer in the lidocaine group than in the EMLA group (P < 0.05). The number of attempts to perform the spinal block placement was similar in both groups. However, women in the EMLA group expressed greater overall satisfaction than those in the lidocaine group (76.7% vs. 20.0%, P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Analgesic pretreatment with EMLA cream is superior to local skin infiltration with lidocaine in pregnant patients undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":" ","pages":"233-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11317316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boreum Cheon, Ju Hyung Lee, Jae Hyung Kim, Sung Mi Hwang
{"title":"Airway management of a patient with Mounier-Kuhn syndrome during general anesthesia - A case report.","authors":"Boreum Cheon, Ju Hyung Lee, Jae Hyung Kim, Sung Mi Hwang","doi":"10.17085/apm.23172","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.23172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mounier-Kuhn syndrome (MKS) is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal dilation of the trachea and main bronchi. MKS can be easily missed on chest X-rays, making diagnosis difficult. Under general anesthesia, challenges such as airway leakage or collapse during mechanical ventilation may complicate the achievement of adequate tidal volumes.</p><p><strong>Cases: </strong>A 94-year-old woman requiring emergency hemiarthroplasty of the hip under general anesthesia was admitted. Preoperative chest X-rays revealed dilation of the trachea and main bronchi, but the patient exhibited no respiratory symptoms. We diagnosed her with MKS and opted for an 8.0-mm-inner-diameter reinforced tracheal tube. We positioned the cuff in the subglottic area, inflating it while monitoring for air leakage. Throughout the surgery, adequate tidal volume was maintained.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Anesthesiologists must conduct a comprehensive evaluation of patients with MKS, including a review of chest radiographs, and establish a meticulous anesthesia plan prior to surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":"19 2","pages":"156-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11089299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}