Journal of cannabis research最新文献

{"title":"Cannabidiol and other non-psychotropic cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa as therapeutics for microglial-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.","authors":"Daniel K Fowler, Tylor M Savage, Duncan I Mackie","doi":"10.1186/s42238-026-00445-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-026-00445-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids produced by Cannabis sativa, including cannabidiol, cannabigerol, cannabichromene and their varin and acidic analogs, are emerging as promising modulators of neuroinflammation, particularly through actions on microglia, the brain's resident immune cells. These compounds engage numerous receptors, ion channels, and intracellular signaling systems in microglia associated with neuroinflammation, and therefore are promising therapeutic candidates to treat chronic microglial inflammation-mediated neurodegenerative disorders. Despite substantial public and scientific interest, comprehensive evaluation of their mechanistic diversity, disease-relevant potential, and translational gaps across neurodegenerative disorders remains limited. Commonly, gaps also exist between cannabis breeders' and cultivators' knowledge of phytocannabinoid diversity and translational scientists' understanding of therapeutic potential. In this review, we first provide an in-depth overview of the main non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids, their biosynthesis, and the genetics that control their production in cannabis. We then summarize the known mechanisms of action for each cannabinoid in microglial-expressed molecular targets and signaling pathways relevant to neuroinflammation. Lastly, we review the effects of non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids in pre-clinical models and clinical trials of four neuroinflammation-associated neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. Current evidence supports meaningful biological activity and complex cannabinoid-specific polypharmacology, yet substantial gaps persist, especially for cannabinoids other than cannabidiol; addressing these gaps in disease-relevant models will be essential for translating these compounds into future therapeutic strategies. Further, we anticipate the summarized information will foster collaboration between cannabis breeders/cultivators and applications scientists for therapeutic evaluation and development of emerging non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13344039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147936759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare students' knowledge and attitude toward medical cannabis: a cross-sectional study in southeastern Iran.","authors":"Mahlagha Dehghan, Samaneh Behzadi Fard, Asma Najmadini, Mansooreh Azizzadeh Forouzi, Morteza Rabiei Vaziri, Amirhossein Shahidizandi","doi":"10.1186/s42238-026-00424-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-026-00424-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medical cannabis has gained increasing attention globally for its potential in treating various conditions. As the use of medical cannabis expands, it is crucial for future healthcare professionals, particularly physicians, to have a comprehensive understanding of its clinical applications, side effects, and legal status. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare students in southeastern Iran regarding medical cannabis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study (April 4th-June 15th, 2025), 560 healthcare students from Kerman University of Medical Sciences were recruited through convenience sampling (response rate: 90.35%). Data were collected through a demographic and background information questionnaire, the Knowledge about Medical Cannabis-Scale (KMC-S), and the Attitude toward Medical Cannabis-Scale (AMC-S). SPSS 24 facilitated analysis using independent t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multivariate regression (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants (66.8% female, mean age = 22.31 ± 2.75 years) demonstrated moderate knowledge (65.6 ± 8.3 vs. midpoint = 60) but cautious attitudes (44.4 ± 5.4 vs. midpoint = 45). While the overall knowledge-attitude correlation was nonsignificant (r = -0.008, p = 0.855), subscale analysis revealed a weak negative correlation between knowledge and perceptions of \"relative advantages to other drugs\" (r = -0.195, p < 0.001) and a positive correlation with perceptions of \"Legal and governmental aspects of medical marijuana\" (r = 0.191, p < 0.001). A stepwise multiple regression identified educational year (β = 0.243, p < 0.001) and educational training about marijuana (β = 0.179, p < 0.001) as key knowledge predictors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Iranian healthcare students display therapeutic awareness but operational hesitancy regarding cannabis, potentially reflecting cultural-religious reservations. Findings underscore the need for curriculum reforms addressing evidence-based therapeutic applications while considering local sociolegal frameworks. Future research should explore attitude formation mechanisms in conservative medical environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13334929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147876886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hexahydrocannabinol-induced rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury: a case report combining comprehensive toxicokinetic and metabolomic investigations.","authors":"Pauline Thiebot, Romain Magny, Théo Willeman, Coralie Boudin, Margaux Brégère, Hélène Eysseric, Bruno Mégarbane, Nicolas Auzeil, Laurence Labat","doi":"10.1186/s42238-026-00435-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-026-00435-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Following the recent amendments in international legislations on cannabis, semi-synthetic cannabinoid derivatives have become increasingly available worldwide. These new psychoactive substances are obtained through chemical modifications of cannabidiol (CBD), a widely available legal compound, or through chemical synthesis from fitting precursors. Compared to Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC), the primary psychoactive constituent of Cannabis sativa, they usually display more potent effects and threatening toxicities, raising safety concerns thus requiring strengthened vigilance and monitoring. In the present study, we investigated a reported case of hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) poisoning, using a comprehensive toxicokinetic and metabolomic approach.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 35-year-old chronic tobacco and HHC male user experienced after smoking products a tonic-clonic seizure followed by a coma. His clinical course was marked by severe rhabdomyolysis, leading to acute kidney injury. The patient recovered without dialysis and was discharged after an 15-day stay in the hospital, including 11 days in the ICU. Toxicological monitoring was conducted through serial plasma sampling throughout his hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Xenometabolome and endometabolome were determined using untargeted metabolomic analysis combined to molecular networking. The assay was based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to high resolution mass spectrometry data acquisition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-five HHC metabolites including hydroxylated, carboxylated and glucuronoconjugated forms were identified in plasma and urine, similarly to Δ⁹-THC metabolites. A correlation of HHC concentration with phenylalanine level and of creatine kinase and creatinine concentrations with carnitine and dicarboxylic acids were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case report of HHC intoxication provides a detailed clinical description. The toxicological exploration of biological matrices enabled the identification of HHC metabolites. Based on metabolomic analysis, physiological perturbations of biochemical pathways, such as phenylalanine metabolism, carnitine pathway, β-oxidation and ω-oxidation were highlighted. They corroborate recent findings from in vitro and in vivo studies, and provide new insights into the consequences of cannabinoid intoxication.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147864909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive and discriminant validity of the Impaired Control Scale - Cannabis (ICS-C): an intensive longitudinal study of daily cannabis use outcomes.","authors":"Erin L Courtice, Nicolle Fox, Christian S Hendershot, Jeffrey D Wardell","doi":"10.1186/s42238-026-00441-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-026-00441-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Impaired control over substance use - difficulty adhering to limits on consumption - is a core feature of problematic use and addiction. Although extensively studied in alcohol research, impaired control over cannabis remains understudied. To advance research in this area, we evaluated the predictive and discriminant validity of the Impaired Control Scale-Cannabis (ICS-C) using an intensive longitudinal design. Young adults (N = 147; Mage = 22.07) who reported regular use of cannabis and alcohol completed three 21-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) bursts spaced six months apart. The ICS-C was administered prior to each burst, followed by daily surveys assessing difficulty limiting use, substance consumption, and consequences. Three-level multilevel models examined whether ICS-C scores predicted cannabis outcomes observed on the daily surveys and whether daily reports of difficulty limiting cannabis use mediated these associations. The Perceived Impaired Control subscale demonstrated strong predictive validity: Within-person increases in perceived impaired control across bursts predicted greater difficulty limiting cannabis use in daily life, which in turn mediated associations with heavier cannabis consumption and use of multiple forms of cannabis. At the between-person level, the Attempted Control subscale predicted negative consequences through difficulty limiting cannabis use. The ICS-C also demonstrated discriminant validity, showing no significant associations with alcohol outcomes after controlling for cannabis use. The ICS-C, particularly the Perceived Impaired Control subscale, captures meaningful within-person fluctuations in self-regulatory capacity that predict real-world cannabis use patterns. Findings support the ICS-C as a valid tool for examining impaired control over cannabis across multiple temporal levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147864916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An update on cannabis products, cannabinoid content, plant type, and prices five years after legalization in Ontario, Canada.","authors":"Paulina Antwi, Justin Matheson, Lohith Balaraju, Christine M Wickens, Bernard Le Foll, Sergio Rueda, Patricia Di Ciano","doi":"10.1186/s42238-026-00444-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-026-00444-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Changing trends in legal recreational cannabis markets necessitates the continuous monitoring of important market metrics such as price, potency, type, and availability of cannabis products which may influence consumer purchasing behavior. After initial legalization of recreational cannabis use in Canada in 2018 and expansion of the legal market in 2019, an increase in product types and decrease in prices were observed. The purpose of the present study was to provide an update on products on offer to cannabis consumers in Ontario, the largest Cannabis market in Canada, five years after initial federal legalization of non-medical cannabis use.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were obtained from the Ontario Cannabis Store (OCS) Website, the sole wholesaler and online market in Ontario between January and April 2024. Information on product type, prices, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) potency and plant type was extracted and products were grouped by OCS categories and sub-categories, and by route of administration (Inhaled, ingestible, topical and others).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1727 products were mapped, of which the majority available were inhaled products, sub-divided into smoking, vaping or concentrates (n = 1271). The majority of inhaled products were predominantly indica-dominant while most ingestible products (e.g. edibles) were mainly sativa-dominant. Most inhaled products were \"very strong products\", i.e., THC potency of 20% or greater (greater than 97%, 96% and 99% of all dried flower, vaping and concentrate products, respectively). All edibles were within the legally acceptable limit of 10 mg of THC per container. Average prices were lowest for dried flower products ($7.91/g) among inhaled products (pre-rolls: $9.65/g, 510 thread cartridges: $37.7/g, infused flower: $18.66/g). Compared to our previous study in 2022, which utilized data from the same website and similar extraction methods, the total number of products on the legal market declined, while the number of edible products (particularly gummies) and disposable vapes, increased. Prices of all flower products (p < 0.001), most abundant vapes (disposable vapes and thread cartridges: p < 0.001) and soft chews (p < 0.027) decreased in 2024 compared to 2022 at the 5% significance level. Conversely, THC potencies of products available generally increased (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Given the trend of decreasing price and changes in products available, continuous monitoring of the cannabis market is vital. This is necessary to assess the consequences of legalization and inform legal amendments such as price control and potency limits that may curb potential negative consequences possible with the current market trend.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13321511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-THC Cannabis sativa in a New York greenhouse: yield and economic factors.","authors":"Daniela Vergara, Kayla A Ruterbories","doi":"10.1186/s42238-026-00429-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-026-00429-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The legalization of adult-use Cannabis sativa in New York State has created a need for research-based information on expected yield, production costs, revenue, and profitability for greenhouse cultivation. Limited data currently exist to inform growers and investors. This study evaluates both agronomic and economic outcomes for two flowering strategies-autoflower (light-insensitive) and photoperiod (light-sensitive) C. sativa-grown in a NYS greenhouse.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comparative agronomic and economic analysis was conducted to assess yield performance, input requirements, costs, revenue, and returns for autoflower and photoperiod C. sativa crops. Growth traits were measured and correlated with final yield. Cost components, including labor, seeds and plants, nutrients, and other variable inputs, were analyzed to determine their contribution to total production expenses. Economic returns were calculated on a per-square foot basis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both autoflower and photoperiod plants showed strong correlations between early growth traits and final yield. Autoflowers, with shorter life cycles and independence from light manipulation, produced smaller plants with lower total biomass and THC content compared to photoperiod plants. Using assumed baseline values, autoflower cultivation resulted in a negative annual return above total costs of negative $1.48 per ft², whereas photoperiod cultivation generated a positive return of $7.18 per ft². Labor represented the largest share of variable costs for both systems, accounting for 52% of total costs in autoflower production and 34% in photoperiod production.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Autoflowers may be advantageous in space, capital, or labor-constrained environments requiring rapid crop turnover, while photoperiod plants appear more profitable for larger or well-resourced operations focused on maximizing yield and returns. Additional research is needed to identify practices and economic strategies that improve profitability, consistency, and efficiency for both cultivation approaches. This study underscores the need for continued economic analyses to guide decision-making in the emerging adult-use C. sativa industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13374136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of medicinal cannabis cultivation in outdoor conditions using municipal reclaimed water.","authors":"Tomás Bosco, Mariana Lozada, Mauricio Faleschini, Gregorio Bigatti","doi":"10.1186/s42238-026-00433-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-026-00433-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing pressure on freshwater resources represents a major challenge for sustainable agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions. In this context, the use of treated wastewater in agriculture may enhance environmental sustainability and economic efficiency. This study evaluated the yield and safety of outdoor cannabis cultivation irrigated with reclaimed domestic wastewater in an arid Patagonian environment (Argentina). Key metrics included soil and water quality, flower and cannabinoid yield, and chemical and microbiological safety. Soil and water quality were adequate in terms of physicochemical parameters. Escherichia coli in irrigation water at the time of tank filling was 1,700 ± 733 MPN/100 mL. Irrigation was initiated at these concentrations, and E. coli levels declined during subsequent storage in tanks, reaching values below 1,000 MPN/100 mL after approximately 10 days, consistent with the World Health Organization guideline for unrestricted agricultural reuse. E. coli and total coliforms were absent in leaves, flowers, and derived products (herbal oils). Potentially hazardous heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) did not show systematic accumulation in the system. Concentrations in flowers and oils were generally below regulatory standards for edibles; however, Pb levels in dried flowers exceeded established regulatory limits. Dried flower yields were approximately 267.77 ± 34.99 g/plant. Cannabinoid concentrations ranged from 7-14%, comparable to values previously reported for these varieties when cultivated indoors. Overall, the results support the potential of reclaimed wastewater as an irrigation alternative in arid regions, although continued monitoring of contaminants is essential to ensure product safety and regulatory compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13317044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and identification of small-molecule cracking products formed on pyrolysis of cannabidiol part 1: C₃ - C₁₀ compounds.","authors":"Niara A Nichols, A John Dane, Rabi A Musah","doi":"10.1186/s42238-026-00442-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-026-00442-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of over 100 naturally occurring phytocannabinoids in Cannabis. While extensive research has evaluated the effects that CBD and other phytocannabinoids have on consumers, less attention has been directed towards studying the health impacts of the compounds formed when cannabinoids are burned. Such an investigation is highly desirable, as smoking remains the most common form of Cannabis consumption. Previous research has investigated the structures of CBD pyrolysis products that are of a molecular mass similar to or greater than CBD. However, studies of the lower molecular weight products formed when CBD is pyrolyzed at the temperatures of a burning cigarette are limited. This work investigated the identities of the small-molecule cracking products formed from the pyrolysis of CBD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CBD standards were pyrolyzed within the temperature range of 400 °C - 800 °C and analyzed using two-dimensional gas chromatography - high-resolution mass spectrometry. A combination of mass spectral fragmentation patterns, retention index data, GC retention times, and comparison of the profiles of detected compounds with those of authentic standards were used to identify cracking products that eluted during the first 19 min of a 90-min analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This investigation revealed a mixture of pyrolysis products whose complexity increased with increasing temperature. A total of 86 compounds were detected, 81 of which were identified. They spanned the alkane (both cyclic and acyclic), alkene (both cyclic and acyclic), alkyne, substituted benzene, aromatic heterocycle, phenol, and ketone compound classes. Seventy-eight of the identified molecules are reported here for the first time as CBD pyrolysis products. Several are known to have adverse health effects, including genotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Others have been reported to possess health benefits such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The pyrolysis of CBD revealed a complex mixture of 86 C₃ - C₁₀ cracking products across all five temperatures analyzed. The largest number of compounds were formed at 800 °C, while the smallest number of products was observed at 400 °C. The vast majority of these compounds have not been reported in previous studies of CBD pyrolysis. Many of the identified products are known to have impacts on human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13445818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147825552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal analysis of symptoms and healthcare utilization among daily cannabis-using persons living with HIV: impact of co-occurring cocaine use.","authors":"Valden A Denha, Leslie H Lundahl, Jonathan A Cohn, Mark K Greenwald, Eric A Woodcock","doi":"10.1186/s42238-026-00443-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-026-00443-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cannabis use is common among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PLWH) and has been associated with disrupted sleep, psychiatric symptoms, and increased healthcare utilization. However, the influence of concurrent cocaine and cannabis use on symptom trajectories and healthcare engagement remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred nineteen PLWH who reported daily cannabis use were assessed longitudinally: baseline, 3-month, and 6-month follow-up. Participants were stratified into concurrent cocaine users vs. non-users based on urine drug screen results (Coc + n = 34 vs. Coc- n = 85). Assessments included substance-use characteristics, viral load, healthcare utilization (HIV-specific vs. non-specific medical visits), HIV-related symptoms (poor sleep, fatigue, pain, poor appetite), and psychiatric symptoms (depression, anxiety).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From baseline to 6-month follow-up, HIV clinic visit frequency declined 46.7% (p = 0.002), which was predicted by less-frequent baseline cannabis use (p = 0.03). Poor sleep, fatigue, and poor appetite reliably correlated with psychiatric symptom severity (rs = 0.23-0.57), whereas pain severity was most closely linked to non-HIV-specific healthcare utilization (rs = 0.23-0.36). Cocaine co-use was associated with greater non-HIV-specific healthcare utilization, worse sleep, and less-frequent cannabis use (ps < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among daily cannabis-using PLWH, less-frequent cannabis use at study baseline predicted a 47% decline in HIV clinic visits suggesting that frequent cannabis use (or associated factors) may perpetuate continued HIV healthcare utilization. Cocaine co-use was associated with greater healthcare utilization, worse sleep quality, and less-frequent cannabis use, but did modulate self-reported depression or anxiety symptoms. In sum, our findings show a complex interplay between longitudinal patterns of cannabis use, somatic and psychiatric symptom severity, and healthcare utilization among PLWH.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01536899).</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13288851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147825673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic comparison on the mechanism of action of four major constituent cannabinoids in hemp extract.","authors":"Xiugong Gao, Miranda R Yourick, Kayla Campasino, Yang Zhao, Estatira Sepehr, Cory Vaught, Robert L Sprando, Jeffrey J Yourick","doi":"10.1186/s42238-026-00432-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-026-00432-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: A variety of health benefits have been claimed, but not scientifically confirmed, for cannabidiol (CBD) and other nonintoxicating cannabinoids in hemp extracts such as cannabichromene (CBC), cannabigerol (CBG), and cannabinol (CBN). On the other hand, CBD has been reported to cause hepatotoxicity in clinical trials and research studies, while little is known about the safety of other cannabinoids. In the current study, we set out to understand the mechanism(s) of action of these cannabinoids, beneficial or adverse, through a comprehensive functional analysis of a recently published transcriptomic dataset. METHODS: iPSC-derived hepatocytes were exposed to 40 µM CBC, 20 µM CBD, 40 µM CBG, and 10 µM CBN, respectively, for 24 h. Gene expression changes were profiled using Affymetrix GeneChip PrimeView Human Gene Expression Arrays. Functional analysis was conducted using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. RESULTS: Each compound impacted a unique list of canonical pathways, upstream regulators, diseases and biological functions, toxicity functions, and gene interaction networks with distinctive activation/inhibition patterns. Overall, the cannabinoids were predicted to affect metabolism and to have some beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease but adverse effects on the neural system. In addition, CBC and CBN, similar to but more potently than CBD, displayed liver toxicity and the potential to cause cancer while CBG protected from these adverse effects. CONCLUSION: This study provides a comprehensive comparison across the four cannabinoids and points to the directions for further research on the therapeutic effects and potential toxicities associated with long-term use of these cannabinoids. </p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13270906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}