Plant-parasitic nematodes on hemp in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.

IF 4.3 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Lester A Núñez-Rodríguez, Hannah M Rivedal, Cynthia M Ocamb, David H Gent, Inga A Zasada
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Abstract

Background: Plant-parasitic nematodes are one of the most important biotic factors that impact crop production globally. Since hemp cultivation in the U.S. was banned from 1970 to 2018, little information is available about current plant-parasitic nematode pressure on U.S. hemp production. The production of hemp has gained interest in Washington and Oregon, states where several genera of plant-parasitic nematodes have been associated with various crops. This report is the first to define plant-parasitic nematodes associated with hemp in these states in the Pacific Northwest.

Methods: Soil and root samples from hemp fields were collected in early autumn in 2021, 2022, and 2023. The occurrence, population density, and identity of plant-parasitic nematodes in these samples were determined using morphological and molecular identification methods. A Bayesian analysis of available sequence data was used to analyze phylogenetic relationships of nematode species found in hemp fields. Additionally, the host status of hemp 'Alpha Explorer' to three plant-parasitic nematodes, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. hapla, and Pratylenchus neglectus, was tested under greenhouse conditions. The occurrence of plant-parasitic nematodes and reproduction factor (final population density/initial population density) values of the three nematode species were analyzed with non-parametric methods.

Results: Pratylenchus spp. were the most frequent plant-parasitic nematodes recovered from soil samples, being present in ~ 63% of samples (n = 107). Only two endoparasitic nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus spp., were found in root samples, with Pratylenchus spp. as the most frequent (20 out of 24 fields). A large diversity of Pratylenchus spp. was detected in hemp root samples. Hemp 'Alpha Explorer' was a poor host for P. neglectus, resulting in low reproduction values (< 1). Additionally, results of our study indicated that hemp is not a host for M. chitwoodi.

Conclusions: Pratylenchus spp. were the most frequent plant-parasitic nematodes found in hemp fields in Oregon and Washington. This study reports for the first time five Pratylenchus species (Pratylenchus crenatus, P. fallax, P. hexincisus, P. neglectus, and P. scribneri) associated with hemp in Oregon and Washington; P. penetrans was also found in the region on hemp. The host status results indicate that hemp can be considered a non-host for M. chitwoodi and a poor host for M. hapla and P. neglectus.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

美国西北太平洋地区大麻上的植物寄生线虫。
背景:植物寄生线虫是影响全球作物生产的最重要的生物因子之一。自1970年至2018年美国禁止大麻种植以来,关于目前植物寄生线虫对美国大麻生产的压力的信息很少。在华盛顿州和俄勒冈州,大麻的生产引起了人们的兴趣,在这两个州,几种植物寄生线虫与各种作物有关。这份报告是第一个定义植物寄生线虫与大麻在这些国家在太平洋西北。方法:于2021年、2022年和2023年初秋采集大麻田土壤和根样。采用形态学和分子鉴定方法对植物寄生线虫的发生、种群密度和特征进行了测定。采用贝叶斯分析方法对麻地线虫的系统发育关系进行了分析。此外,在温室条件下,测定了大麻“阿尔法探索者”对三种植物寄生线虫(chitwoodi Meloidogyne、M. hapla和Pratylenchus忽视)的寄主状态。采用非参数方法分析3种植物寄生线虫的发生情况及繁殖因子(最终种群密度/初始种群密度)值。结果:Pratylenchus是土壤样品中最常见的植物寄生线虫,约占土壤样品的63% (n = 107)。根样中仅检出两种内寄生线虫,分别为Meloidogyne spp.和Pratylenchus spp.,其中Pratylenchus spp.最多(24块田中有20块)。在麻根样品中发现了种类繁多的Pratylenchus spp.。结论:在俄勒冈州和华盛顿州的大麻田中发现的植物寄生线虫最多的是Pratylenchus spp.。本研究首次报道了俄勒冈州和华盛顿州与大麻有亲缘关系的5种假蝇(Pratylenchus crenatus、P. fallax、P. hexincisus、P.忽视和P. scribneri);在该地区的大麻上也发现了穿山甲。寄主状态结果表明,大麻可被认为是chitwoodi的非寄主,hapla和P.忽视的不良寄主。
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