Journal of cannabis research最新文献

{"title":"Genome-wide identification of cannabinoid biosynthesis genes in non-drug type Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivar.","authors":"Benny Jian Rong Sng, Yu Jeong Jeong, Sing Hui Leong, Jae Cheol Jeong, Jiyoung Lee, Sarojam Rajani, Cha Young Kim, In-Cheol Jang","doi":"10.1186/s42238-024-00246-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42238-024-00246-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cannabis sativa cultivars can be classified as marijuana or hemp, depending on its amount of the psychoactive cannabinoid Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA). Hemp Cheungsam is a non-drug type Cannabis sativa that is characterized by low THCA content. However, the transcripts and expression profile of cannabinoid biosynthesis pathway genes of hemp Cheungsam have not been investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on three different tissue types (flower, leaf, and stem) of hemp Cheungsam to understand their transcriptomes. The expression of cannabinoid biosynthesis pathway genes was further analyzed in each tissue type. Multiple sequence alignment and conserved domain analyses were used to investigate the homologs of cannbinoid biosynthesis genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that the cannabinoid biosynthesis pathway was mainly expressed in the flowers of hemp Cheungsam, similar to other Cannabis cultivars. However, expression of cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) synthase was much higher than THCA synthase and cannabichromenic acid (CBCA) synthase, suggesting that the transcription profile favors CBDA biosynthesis. Sequence analysis of cannabinoid biosynthesis pathway genes suggested the identity of orthologs in hemp Cheungsam.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cannabinoid biosynthesis in hemp Cheungsam mostly occurs in the flowers, compared to other plant organs. While CBDA synthase expression is high, THCA and CBCA synthase expression is considerably low, indicating lesser THCA biosynthesis and thus low THCA content. Sequence analysis of key genes (CBDA, THCA, and CBCA synthases) of the cannabinoid biosynthetic pathway indicates that orthologs are present in hemp Cheungsam.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of frontal lobe functions in a sample of male cannabis users currently in abstinence: correlations with duration of use and their functional outcomes.","authors":"El-Shimaa Tag-Eldeen, Magda Fahmy, Khaled Anwar, Omneya Ibrahim","doi":"10.1186/s42238-024-00244-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-024-00244-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous research literature reported different results regarding the long-term effects that cannabis use can exert on the frontal lobe neurocognitive functions of its users. Another body of research suggested that cannabis use negatively affects the person's general level of occupational and psychosocial functioning consequently to these alterations. Some other research results did not support these findings. To date, it is still debatable whether chronic cannabis use triggers negative neurocognitive effects in chronic users even after a period of abstinence. Research data exploring consequent adverse outcomes on the general individual occupational and psychosocial functioning is not yet conclusive.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We conducted this study to examine the residual neurocognitive effects of cannabis use, whether it is affected by duration of cannabis use before abstinence, and its relation to individual's global assessment of functioning exhibited in the person's occupational and social life whether it's family or friends. Our sample comprised 80 male participants (18-45 years old) who were grouped into 4 groups (3 groups with different durations of use and a control group), with no significant difference between the four studied groups regarding age, education, and socioeconomic level. The Kruskal Wallis test was used to test the significance of differences in the distribution of total frontal lobe battery results and the general assessment of function scores using GAF scores between study groups. Post hoc testing was performed to adjust for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni method.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Data analysis showed that cannabis users experienced general functional disturbances that encompass impairments in social and occupational life aspects. These impairments in function are correlated with the presence of neurocognitive deficits even after a period of abstinence. Both having significant positive correlation with longer duration of cannabis use.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11337584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142010211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermo-chemical conversion kinetics of cannabinoid acids in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) using pressurized liquid extraction.","authors":"Urvashi, Joon-Hee Han, Min Hong, Tae-Hyung Kwon, Melvin Druelinger, Sang-Hyuck Park, Chad A Kinney, Kenneth J Olejar","doi":"10.1186/s42238-024-00243-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-024-00243-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannabinoid decarboxylation via thermo-chemical conversion has the potential to reduce the cannabinoid degradation and evaporation due to short reaction time and use of water as the solvent. When combined with pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), thermo-chemical conversion can be performed as the first stage in the extraction procedure. PLE utilizes a closed system at elevated temperatures and pressure to increase the solvation power, which contributes to decreased viscosity and increased diffusion rate. With this new in-extraction decarboxylation approach there remain variables that need full understanding before up scaling from bench top to pilot or commercial scale. Herein, the thermo-chemical decarboxylation kinetics was studied for industrial hemp via PLE at different temperatures (80-160 °C) and reaction times (1-90 min). The reaction was found to be pseudo-first order. Model verification on CBD and CBG resulted in acceptable results; however, an anomaly in the minor cannabinoids suggests that cannabinoid concentration may influence model kinetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The attitudes, knowledge and confidence of healthcare professionals about cannabis-based products.","authors":"Emilio Russo, Paula Martinez Agredano, Peter Flachenecker, Charlotte Lawthom, Duncan Munro, Chandni Hindocha, Makarand Bagul, Eugen Trinka","doi":"10.1186/s42238-024-00242-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-024-00242-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Use of cannabis-based products is becoming more frequent, and it is important that healthcare professionals are informed and confident about them when making evidence-based decisions about their use. This study aimed to gain an international perspective on the attitudes, knowledge, and confidence of healthcare professionals about cannabis-based products.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online questionnaire regarding these products was completed by 1580 healthcare professionals (neurologists, psychiatrists, general practitioners, pharmacists and nurses) from 16 countries across Asia, Europe, Oceania, South America, and the Middle East.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Respondents expressed a high level of interest in cannabis-based products (median score 9 out of 10) and reported that they felt knowledgeable about them (median score 6 out of 7). They reported a high level of confidence when providing patients with information on cannabis-based products, returning median scores of 6 and 5 out of 7 for their legality and regulations, and their benefits and risks, respectively. Despite this, healthcare professionals sought further information on cannabis-based products across areas including legality, neurobiology, and scientific evidence. Finally, 59% (n = 930) of respondents considered robust clinical trial evidence as the most important factor to ensure patient safety in the context of these products. Few nominally significant differences emerged between healthcare professionals from different specialities or regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, this large survey of attitudes held by healthcare professionals towards cannabis-based products revealed a high level of interest and a demand for more information. Limitations of this study include potential sample bias and limited external validity.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11267914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141763937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A three-years survey of microbial contaminants in industrial hemp inflorescences from two Italian cultivation sites.","authors":"Gloria Spampinato, Francesco Candeliere, Alberto Amaretti, Roberta Paris, Massimo Montanari, Nino Virzì, Lorenzo Strani, Cinzia Citti, Giuseppe Cannazza, Maddalena Rossi, Stefano Raimondi","doi":"10.1186/s42238-024-00241-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-024-00241-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of industrial Cannabis sativa L. for recreational, cosmeceutical, nutraceutical, and medicinal purposes has gained momentum due to its rich content of valuable phytochemicals, such as cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG). However, there are concerns regarding the risk of microbial contamination in plants grown outside controlled environments. Microbes associated with hemp can be either epiphytes or endophytes and may pose a risk of infectious illness for humans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven Italian hemp genotypes, including Bernabeo, Carmagnola, Carmaleonte, Codimono, CS, Eletta Campana, and Fibranova, were cultivated in two distinct geographic locations, Catania and Rovigo, for three consecutive years from 2019 to 2021. Total aerobic microbes (TAMC), total combined yeasts/moulds (TYMC), the presence of bile-tolerant Gram-negative bacteria, and the absence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. were evaluated and compared. The main phytocannabinoid content was measured and correlated with microbial contamination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most samples analyzed in this study did not meet the European Pharmacopoeia microbiological limits. The detection of potential pathogens, such as E. coli and Salmonella spp., in the samples indicates that the use of inflorescences may represent a possible source of infection. Microbial contamination varied among harvesting seasons and production sites, with agroclimatic conditions influencing microbial load and composition. The presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria was less associated with seasonal climate variability and more likely affected by sporadic contamination from external sources. CBD concentration exhibited a negative correlation with bile-tolerant Gram-negative bacteria and total yeasts/moulds levels. Samples with lower CBD content were more contaminated than those with higher CBD levels, suggesting a potential protective effect of this phytochemical on the plant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The threshing residues (inflorescences, floral bracts, and leaves) of industrial hemp varieties represent a valuable product and a source of beneficial phytochemicals that warrants further exploration. While post-harvest sterilization methods may reduce microbiological risks, they may also degrade heat- and light-sensitive bioactive phytochemicals. The most promising strategy involves implementing best agronomic practices to maintain healthy and uncontaminated cultures. Rigorous monitoring and quality certification protocols are essential to mitigate the microbiological risk associated with the consumption of hemp-derived products.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11253326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the special issue: the two sides of hemp: medical and industrial.","authors":"Nirit Bernstein","doi":"10.1186/s42238-024-00237-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-024-00237-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11251343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141622094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous cannabis and psychedelic use among festival and concert attendees in Colorado: characterizing enhancement and adverse reactions using mixed methods.","authors":"Cianna J Piercey, Eleftherios Hetelekides, Hollis C Karoly","doi":"10.1186/s42238-024-00235-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-024-00235-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most studies examining the simultaneous use of cannabis with other drugs have focused on cannabis and alcohol, with fewer studies examining simultaneous use of cannabis with other drugs. The United States is currently experiencing an upward trend in psychedelic use and there is an increasing need to characterize cannabis and psychedelic drug interactions to best inform public health recommendations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A mixed methods field study design was used to survey participants (N = 128) on their lifetime co-use of cannabis with other drugs. Participants who reported lifetime co-use of cannabis and psychedelics (N = 63) were then asked open-ended questions about their most recent simultaneous co-use experience (i.e., how cannabis enhanced their psychedelic experience and whether they experienced any adverse reactions). We conducted a thematic analysis of responses describing how cannabis enhanced the psychedelic experience (N = 54). However, due to low response rate for participants reporting an adverse reaction (N = 7, 11.1%), responses to this question were not analyzed thematically and are instead presented individually.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Themes included tension reduction and balancing of drug effects (N = 27, 50%), enhancement to psychological processes (N = 11, 20.4%), intensified psychedelic drug effects (N = 12, 22.2%), enhanced psychedelic come-down experience (N = 8, 14.8%), and overall ambiguous enhancement (N = 7, 13%). Among participants reporting an adverse reaction, individual responses included increased anxiety and intensity of the experience, decreased sociability, increased negative affect, sleepiness, disassociation, and confusion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Additional research is warranted to better characterize cannabis and psychedelic drug interactions to best inform public health recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11238454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141592546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the epidemiology and perceived efficacy of cannabis use in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.","authors":"Timothy Leroux, Prabjit Ajrawat, Kala Sundararajan, Naomi Maldonado-Rodriguez, Bheeshma Ravi, Rajiv Gandhi, Raja Rampersaud, Christian Veillette, Nizar Mahomed, Hance Clarke","doi":"10.1186/s42238-024-00231-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-024-00231-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The belief that cannabis has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties continues to attract patients with chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain towards its use. However, the role that cannabis will play in the management of chronic MSK pain remains to be determined. This study examined 1) the rate, patterns of use, and self-reported efficacy of cannabis use among patients with chronic MSK pain and 2) the interest and potential barriers to cannabis use among patients with chronic MSK pain not currently using cannabis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Self-reported cannabis use and perceived efficacy were prospectively collected from chronic MSK pain patients presenting to the Orthopaedic Clinic at the University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. The primary dependent variable was current or past use of cannabis to manage chronic MSK pain; bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify patient characteristics independently associated with this outcome. Secondary outcomes were summarized descriptively, including self-perceived efficacy among cannabis users, and interest as well as barriers to cannabis use among cannabis non-users.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample included 629 patients presenting with chronic MSK pain (mean age: 56±15.7 years; 56% female). Overall, 144 (23%) reported past or present cannabis use to manage their MSK pain, with 63.7% perceiving cannabis as very or somewhat effective and 26.6% considering it as slightly effective. The strongest predictor of cannabis use in this study population was a history of recreational cannabis use (OR 12.7, p<0.001). Among cannabis non-users (N=489), 65% expressed interest in using cannabis to manage their chronic MSK pain, but common barriers to use included lack of knowledge regarding access, use and evidence, and stigma.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>One in five patients presenting to an orthopaedic surgeon with chronic MSK pain are using or have used cannabis with the specific intent to manage their pain, and most report it to be effective. Among non-users, two-thirds reported an interest in using cannabis to manage their MSK pain, but common barriers to use existed. Future double-blind placebo-controlled trials are required to understand if this reported efficacy is accurate, and what role, if any, cannabis may play in the management of chronic MSK pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11220958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-linear plasma protein binding of cannabidiol.","authors":"Mariana Babayeva, Iva Srdanovic","doi":"10.1186/s42238-024-00238-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-024-00238-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cannabidiol is highly bound to plasma proteins. Changes in its protein binding can lead to altered unbound plasma concentrations and result in alteration of pharmacological activity of cannabidiol-containing medications. This research has assessed non-linearity of cannabidiol plasma protein binding and the potential effect of tizoxanide on the binding.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cannabidiol protein binding was evaluated by ultrafiltration technique. Human plasma was spiked with cannabidiol stock solution to produce samples of various concentrations. For interaction study potential interactant tizoxanide was added in each sample. All samples were processed through Amicon Micropartition system and analyzed by HPLC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study has detected cannabidiol binding to borosilicate glass (9%) and polyethylene plastics (15%). In the interaction study the mean protein unbound fraction of cannabidiol was 0.05 (5%), indicating no binding interaction between cannabidiol and tizoxanide since cannabidiol unbound fraction without tizoxanide was also 5%. The cannabidiol fraction unbound was more than 2-fold greater at high concentrations compared to low concentrations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>a). At high concentrations cannabidiol plasma protein binding is non-linear. The non-linearity can affect elimination and medicinal effect of cannabidiol drugs. b). Borosilicate and polyethylene containers should be avoided in formulation, packing and administration of cannabidiol-containing medicines to guarantee correct doses. c). Cannabidiol medications can be co-administered with tizoxanide without caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11191238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of cannabis edibles on driving and blood THC.","authors":"S Zhao, B Brands, P Kaduri, C M Wickens, O S M Hasan, S Chen, B Le Foll, P Di Ciano","doi":"10.1186/s42238-024-00234-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-024-00234-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cannabis has been shown to impact driving due to changes produced by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis. Current legal thresholds for blood THC while driving are based predominantly on evidence utilizing smoked cannabis. It is known that levels of THC in blood are lower after eating cannabis as compared to smoking yet the impact of edibles on driving and associated blood THC has never been studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants drove a driving simulator before and after ingesting their preferred legally purchased cannabis edible. In a counterbalanced control session, participants did not consume any THC or cannabidiol (CBD). Blood was collected for measurement of THC and metabolites as well as CBD. Subjective experience was also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants consumed edibles with, on average, 7.3 mg of THC, which is less than the maximum amount available in a single retail package in Ontario, providing an ecologically valid test of cannabis edibles. Compared to control, cannabis edibles produced a decrease in mean speed 2 h after consumption but not at 4 and 6 h. Under dual task conditions in which participants completed a secondary task while driving, changes in speed were not significant after the correction for multiple comparison. No changes in standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP; 'weaving'), maximum speed, standard deviation of speed or reaction time were found at any time point or under either standard or dual task conditions. Mean THC levels were significantly increased, relative to control, after consuming the edible but remained relatively low at approximately 2.8 ng/mL 2 h after consumption. Driving impairment was not correlated with blood THC. Subjective experience was altered for 7 h and participants were less willing/able to drive for up to 6 h, suggesting that the edible was intoxicating.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>This is the first study of the impact of cannabis edibles on simulated driving. Edibles were intoxicating as revealed by the results of subjective assessments (VAS), and there was some impact on driving. Detection of driving impairment after the use of cannabis edibles may be difficult.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11140993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141187233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}