Unravelling herbicide stress and its impact on metabolite profiling in Cannabis sativa: an investigative study.

IF 4.3 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Sabreen Bashir, Navneet Kaur, Agrataben Vadhel, Awadhesh Kumar Verma, Madhuri Girdhar, Tabarak Malik, Anil Kumar, Anand Mohan
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Cannabis sativa L., renowned for its versatility in pharmaceutical, textile, and cosmetic industries, is highly susceptible to several agronomic and environmental factors, particularly herbicides. These chemical agents, while commonly used for weed control, can adversely affect plant growth, physiology, and secondary metabolite production. Understanding the plant's response to such external stressors is essential for optimizing its cultivation and ensuring the quality of its bioactive compounds.

Methods: In our current work, we studied the impact of two herbicides- glyphosate and metribuzin on the morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of cannabis plants. The secondary metabolite production analysis was carried out using Gas Chromatography-Mass S pectrometry (GC-MS). Furthermore, in silico studies using molecular modelling and optimization via Density Functional Theory (DFT) were performed, followed by molecular docking.

Results: It was observed that both herbicides greatly impact overall plant productivity including primary and secondary metabolite production. Further, glyphosate treatment caused an increase in fatty acid synthesis while the contrary was observed in case of metribuzin. Also, herbicide stress leads to the synthesis of cannabidivarol and cannabidiol although they were absent in the untreated group. These findings provide crucial insights for optimizing agricultural practices in cannabis cultivation. Moreover, molecular simulation results showed that both metribuzin and glyphosate bind at the active pocket of Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (THCA synthase) and offer a mechanistic explanation for the observed variations in Δ9 -tetrahydocannabinol (THC) levels by suggesting that both herbicides inhibit THCA synthase activity, contributing to a deeper understanding of herbicide-plant interactions at the molecular level.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate that herbicide stress impacts overall cannabis productivity and alters biosynthesis. The stress notably stimulates the production of cannabidivarol and cannabidiol. In addition, molecular docking studies revealed that metribuzin binds to the same active channel as Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA)- the THC precursor, while glyphosate binds at the entrance, thereby hindering THC production. This multifaceted approach guides sustainable farming strategies and has implications for manipulating cannabinoid profiles in pharmaceutical and other industrial applications.

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除草剂胁迫及其对大麻代谢物分析的影响:一项调查研究。
背景:大麻以其在制药、纺织和化妆品行业的多功能性而闻名,但它极易受到几种农艺和环境因素的影响,尤其是除草剂。这些化学制剂虽然通常用于杂草控制,但会对植物生长、生理和次生代谢物的产生产生不利影响。了解植物对这些外部应激源的反应对于优化其栽培和确保其生物活性化合物的质量至关重要。方法:研究草甘膦和美曲霉嗪两种除草剂对大麻植物形态生理生化特性的影响。二级代谢物产生分析采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)进行。此外,通过密度泛函理论(DFT)进行分子建模和优化的硅片研究,然后进行分子对接。结果:两种除草剂对植物的初级和次级代谢物产量均有显著影响。此外,草甘膦处理导致脂肪酸合成增加,而在甲曲霉嗪的情况下观察到相反的结果。此外,除草剂胁迫导致大麻二酚和大麻二酚的合成,尽管它们在未经处理的组中不存在。这些发现为优化大麻种植的农业实践提供了重要的见解。此外,分子模拟结果表明,甲曲霉嗪和草甘膦都结合在四氢大麻酚酸合成酶(THCA合成酶)的活性口袋上,并通过表明两种除草剂抑制THCA合成酶活性,为观察到的Δ9 -四氢大麻酚(THC)水平的变化提供了机制解释,有助于在分子水平上更深入地了解除草剂与植物的相互作用。结论:我们的研究结果表明,除草剂胁迫影响大麻的整体生产力和改变生物合成。应激显著刺激大麻二酚和大麻二酚的产生。此外,分子对接研究发现,甲曲霉嗪与四氢大麻酚前体CBGA结合在同一个活性通道上,而草甘膦则在入口结合,从而阻碍了四氢大麻酚的产生。这种多方面的方法指导可持续农业战略,并对在制药和其他工业应用中操纵大麻素概况具有影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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