Journal of cannabis research最新文献

{"title":"Clinicians' attitudes and knowledge of medicinal cannabis in opioid dependence treatment clinics in New South Wales, Australia.","authors":"Laila Parvaresh, Llewellyn Mills, Jaleh Gholami, Louisa Jansen, Nazila Jamshidi, Kate Baker, Christopher Tremonti, Marguerite Tracy, Adrian Dunlop, Nicholas Lintzeris","doi":"10.1186/s42238-025-00315-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-025-00315-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are no prior studies investigating the attitudes and knowledge of opioid treatment program (OTP) clinicians on prescribed medicinal cannabis in OTP clients. This study examined the OTP clinicians' medicinal cannabis experience, knowledge, concerns, and educational needs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Staff from six public OTP services in New South Wales completed a medicinal cannabis survey. Staff included nurses, doctors, pharmacists, allied health, and consumer workers. Single-level regression models were used to estimate participants' sex, role, and year of experience effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>102 (63%) clinicians responded to the medicinal cannabis part of the survey, mostly female (n = 58, 56.9%), and more than half worked full-time (n = 54, 52.9%). Most of the participants (88.5%, 85/96) lacked experience providing medicinal cannabis, two in three (66.7%, 68/102) agreed to consider medicinal cannabis as a treatment for addressing cannabis use in OTP clients. Over 70% (71.5%, 73/102) expressed similar agreement to consider medicinal cannabis for other health conditions in OTP clients. More than half of the clinicians (54.2%, 52/96) expressed a lack of confidence in assisting clients with accessing medicinal cannabis, and were unfamiliar with current regulations (56.2%, 54/96). Clinicians expressed safety concerns regarding side effects such as driving-related problems (74%, 71/96), cognitive impairment (54.2%, 52/96), and cannabis dependence (54.2%, 52/96). The three conditions most endorsed as having sufficient evidence to support the use of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-based medicinal cannabis were palliative care symptom management (72.4%, 71/98), chronic pain (67.4%, 66/98), and multiple sclerosis (43.8%, 43/98). The three conditions most identified as having sufficient evidence to support the routine clinical use of cannabidiol (CBD)-based medicinal cannabis were chronic pain (64.9%, 63/97), palliative care (62.5%, 60/96), and sleep problems (44.8%, 43/96). The most common educational needs identified by participants were the evidence for the effectiveness of medicinal cannabis in cannabis dependence treatment (88.5%, 85/96), other health conditions (87.5%, 84/96), and indications and contraindications for using medicinal cannabis (87.5%, 84/96).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the interest in using medicinal cannabis for treating cannabis dependence and /or other health conditions, clinicians identified several barriers including limited experience, lack of confidence, and poor understanding of the regulatory framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":"7 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12357479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in cannabis adverse reaction reports: A descriptive analysis of spontaneous reporting data submitted to the Canada Vigilance Program since legalization and regulation of cannabis for non-medical purposes in Canada.","authors":"Sieara Plebon-Huff, Nadia Aziz, Marko Cavar, Safia Hassan, Maria Aoun, Shahid Perwaiz, Hanan Abramovici","doi":"10.1186/s42238-025-00310-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-025-00310-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The cannabis control framework implemented by Canada in October 2018 established a robust post-market surveillance system for cannabis products, adopting tools and practices from the existing pharmacovigilance system for pharmaceuticals and health products. The cannabis vigilance system relies on spontaneous reporting of adverse reactions, allowing Health Canada to collect, monitor and assess health effects involving cannabis. In this study, we examine trends in adverse reaction reports involving legal cannabis products since legalization and regulation in Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Unique case reports of adverse reactions involving cannabis were collected through the Canada Vigilance Program. Case details were extracted from each report involving legal cannabis as a suspected product. Each case was also assessed for causality to determine the likelihood of association between the cannabis product(s) and the reported event(s). The case data was then aggregated and descriptively analyzed to identify adverse reaction case patterns, including the demographic profiles and use patterns of individuals reporting adverse reactions to cannabis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, individuals reporting an adverse reaction to a cannabis product (n = 698) were 56.0 ± 20.0 years of age. 45.4% of reporting individuals were female, and 67.5% of individuals self-reported using cannabis for medical purposes, with pain management as the most cited reason for medical use. Most cases were reported as serious (62.3%), citing \"other medically important condition\" as the primary reason for seriousness (58.6%), and 68.8% of all cases involved cannabis extracts. Frequently reported events included hallucination, headache, nausea, dizziness and dyspnea. Some events were more frequently reported with products containing a greater concentration of tetrahydrocannabinol to cannabidiol, whereas others were more frequently reported with products containing a greater concentration of cannabidiol to tetrahydrocannabinol. Causality was assessed for 668 events; most were assessed as being \"possibly\" associated with the reported cannabis product.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The post-market adverse reaction reporting system for cannabis products has provided valuable safety information about cannabis products available for legal retail sale in Canada. The data collected through this framework have helped identify emerging risks associated with legal cannabis products; contributed to international data about cannabis effects and risks; informed the development of communication materials related to new and emerging risks; and provided evidence to inform regulatory decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":"7 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12341263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144824454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical cannabis for the management of pain in chronic pancreatitis with recurrent exacerbations: a case report.","authors":"Felice Antonio Spaccavento, Cesare De Virgilio Suglia, Silvio Tafuri, Angela De Trizio, Rossella Giannuzzi, Filomena Cavallera, Fabio Turco","doi":"10.1186/s42238-025-00303-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-025-00303-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Control of pain in patients affected by chronic pancreatitis with recurrent exacerbations is a challenging condition, with conventional therapies often providing limited relief. This case report describes the use of medical cannabis as a novel approach in a patient with refractory chronic pancreatitis, contributing to the growing interest in alternative treatments for pain and inflammation in similar complex cases.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 54-year-old woman with a 24-year history of chronic pancreatitis caused by recurrent acute pancreatitis presented with persistent, severe abdominal pain and recurrent exacerbations despite undergoing numerous conventional interventions, including cholecystectomy, enzyme supplementation, repeated endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCPs), and stent placements. Imaging and laboratory findings confirmed chronic pancreatitis, with evidence of Oddi sphincter stenosis and microlithiasis. The patient was initially managed with standard pain relief therapy, digestive enzymes, and endoscopic interventions, all of which failed to provide lasting relief. In February 2024, she began treatment with a medical cannabis formulation rich in Cannabidiol, under the supervision of her healthcare provider. This intervention led to substantial pain reduction, cessation of acute episodes, improved appetite, and enhanced quality of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case illustrates that medical cannabis may offer a promising alternative for managing chronic pancreatitis, especially when conventional treatments prove ineffective. This outcome underscores the need for further research on cannabinoids as a therapeutic option in chronic pain and inflammation management for pancreatitis and other challenging conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":"7 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12333088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144805509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomized single-dose crossover comparative bioavailability study of two novel oral cannabidiol (CBD) formulations in healthy volunteers under fed conditions, compared to a standard CBD isolate capsule.","authors":"Mehmet Nevzat Pisak, Edibe Bereket, Aydin Erenmemisoglu","doi":"10.1186/s42238-025-00312-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-025-00312-9","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of two novel cannabidiol (CBD) formulations including bioavailability-enhanced capsule (CBDNEXT Supra capsule) and a bioavailability-enhanced liquid (CBDNEXT Supra liquid)- against a standard high-purity CBD isolate capsule in healthy volunteers under fed (low-fat) conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A single-dose, open-label, randomized, three-period, three-sequence crossover trial was conducted in 12 healthy male volunteers (18-50 years). Of the 12 enrolled subjects, 9 completed all three treatment periods per protocol. Each received 40 mg of CBD as one of three formulations: Test-1 (enhanced CBD capsule), Test-2 (enhanced CBD liquid), or Reference (unformulated CBD isolate capsule with microcrystalline cellulose only as excipient), with a washout of 14 days between treatments. All doses were administered 30 min after a standardized low-fat (~ 300-350 kcal, &lt; 10 g fat) breakfast to minimize the impact of dietary fat on CBD absorption. Blood samples were collected up to 72 h post-dose for plasma CBD and 7-hydroxy-CBD analysis by a validated LC-MS/MS method (LLOQ 0.1 ng/mL). Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters (C_max, tmax, AUC_0-72, and t_1/2) were determined by non-compartmental analysis. Safety was assessed by adverse events (AEs), vital signs, and laboratory tests (including liver enzymes). Plasma cortisol was measured pre-dose and at 2-, 4-, and 8-hours post-dose as an exploratory pharmacodynamic marker.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Nine subjects completed all treatments (three withdrew: two for positive drug screens and one for an intercurrent moderate infection). Mean plasma CBD concentration-time profiles for the three formulations demonstrated markedly different absorption kinetics. The enhanced capsule achieved the highest peak CBD concentration (C_max 14.1 ng/mL) and exposure (AUC_0-72 38.0 h·ng/mL), compared to the enhanced liquid (C_max 6.2 ng/mL, AUC_0-72 20.2 h·ng/mL) and the reference capsule (C_max 2.4 ng/mL, AUC_0-72 11.7 h·ng/mL). The time to peak concentration (tmax) was shortest for the liquid (median ~ 1.0 h), followed by the capsule (2.0 h), and longest for the reference (6.0 h). Inter-individual variability in C_max and AUC was substantially lower for both novel formulations (coefficients of variation ~ 27-44%) than for the reference (&gt; 90%). Statistical analysis confirmed that both the enhanced capsule and liquid produced significantly greater C_max and AUC_0-72 than the reference (geometric mean C_max ratios ~ 566% and ~ 248%, AUC_0-72 ratios ~ 328% and ~ 166%, respectively; 90% confidence intervals did not include 100%). The 7-hydroxy-CBD metabolite reached much lower plasma levels than parent CBD for all treatments (C_max 0.4-1.8 ng/mL, ~ 5-13% of parent C_max), with a slightly delayed tmax (~ 2-6 h) and similar elimination half-life. No serious AEs occurred. The only treatment-related AE was mild-to-mod","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":"7 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12330118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of chronic intermittent EU-GMP certified Cannabis sativa L. therapy and its relevance in a rat model of aging.","authors":"Ivona-Maria Tudorancea, Gabriela-Dumitrita Stanciu, Carmen Solcan, Mitica Ciorpac, Andrei Szilagyi, Daniela-Carmen Ababei, Raluca-Maria Gogu, Bogdan-Ionel Tamba","doi":"10.1186/s42238-025-00313-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-025-00313-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aging is a multifaceted process marked by the progressive accumulation of cellular damage in various tissues, resulting in a decline in physiological functions. The primary aim of aging research is to identify compounds that can delay or mitigate these detrimental changes. As cannabis legalization becomes more widespread and with limited empirical studies on its effects in the aging human population, there is a pressing need for research into the impact of Cannabis and cannabinoids on healthy aging and age-related diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study aims to evaluate the effects of chronic, intermittent exposure, defined as 6 weeks of use of EU-GMP certified Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabixir® Medium Flos) administration, dosed at 6.25 and 25 mg/kg on neurobiological changes in naturally aged rats and its potential efficacy in mitigating age-related alterations. The impact of the Cannabixir® Medium Flos was assessed through clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and behavioral evaluations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cannabixir® Medium Flos was found to be generally safe, with no significant effects on motor performance and a neutral effect on anxiety-like behavior. Histological analysis revealed that the hippocampus of aged rats treated with this compound-an area known for its abundance of endocannabinoids and cannabinoid receptor type 1-exhibited characteristics similar to those observed in young adult rats. Additionally, the study suggests that chronic, intermittent treatment with Cannabixir® Medium Flos may modulate astrocyte function, reduce neuroinflammation, and potentially influence cell proliferation and neuronal apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. However, these preliminary findings should be interpreted with caution, as the study's exploratory nature.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These preliminary findings suggest that cannabinoid therapy targeting the endocannabinoid system may offer potential neuroprotective benefits in aging. While the study offers valuable preclinical insights into the effects of an EU-GMP-certified cannabinoid receptor ligand in reducing age-related cognitive decline, these effects are likely mediated by a combination of mechanisms. Given the complex phytochemical composition, the observed outcomes cannot be attributed exclusively to cannabinoid receptor activation. Accordingly, these findings should be interpreted with caution, and further studies employing more targeted methodologies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":"7 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthocyanin accumulation, inflorescence dry weight and total cannabidiol content have different temperature optima in Cannabis sativa.","authors":"Sean R Kim, Pawan Basnet, Al P Kovaleski, Shelby L Ellison","doi":"10.1186/s42238-025-00311-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-025-00311-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":"7 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12309197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144746725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of cannabis use on ageing and longevity: a systematic review of research insights.","authors":"Sonam Nain, Niraj Singh, Anne Katrin Schlag, Michael Barnes","doi":"10.1186/s42238-025-00267-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-025-00267-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":"7 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12309070/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144746726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green solvent-based extraction of Cannabis sativa L. by-products: enhancing antioxidant potential and cannabinoid enrichment using MCT oil.","authors":"Nipaporn Meepun, Ubonta Sommart, Oraporn Bualuang","doi":"10.1186/s42238-025-00309-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-025-00309-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":"7 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144719331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The biosynthesis of the cannabinoids.","authors":"M Nazir Tahir, Farsheed Shahbazi Raz, Simon Rondeau-Gagné, John F Trant","doi":"10.1186/s42238-025-00292-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-025-00292-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":"7 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding motives for illicit medicinal cannabis use: an exploratory analysis in a medical cannabis program.","authors":"Carter Reeves, Lirit Franks, A Taylor Kelley, Michael Incze, Adam J Gordon, Ziji Yu, Eden Flake, Gerald Cochran","doi":"10.1186/s42238-025-00284-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42238-025-00284-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medical Cannabis (MC) is authorized in numerous state-legislated programs to treat approved medical conditions. Notwithstanding MC access, some participants continue to use cannabis purchased outside of a state licensed MC pharmacy, otherwise known as illicit medicinal cannabis (IMC), to treat their medical conditions. Identifying barriers and contributors to MC use and motives for IMC use can promote safety, improve program design, and inform future research efforts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This exploratory analysis utilized baseline survey data from a convenience sample-based prospective cohort evaluation of newly registered (< 6 months) adult participants in Utah's MC program who had been diagnosed with chronic pain, post-traumatic stress disorder, and/or cancer. Participants completed surveys assessing physical and mental health, program experience, and barriers and contributors to MC access. We employed descriptive analysis, chi-squared analysis, and logistic regression to identify factors influencing IMC use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 273 MC program participants screened for eligibility, 227 were enrolled in the cohort evaluation, and 211 participants completed the baseline survey. Approximately 1 in 10 survey respondents (N = 24, 11.9%) reported IMC use within the past two weeks. Participants accessing IMC were 40.5 years old, 58.3% male, 70.8% employed, and 87.5% white. Participants using IMC reported barriers to MC, including product cost (n = 19, 79%) and assurance of adequate supply (n = 11, 45.8%) as the most common motives for IMC use. Participants who reported experiencing MC access barriers were significantly more likely to report IMC use than those reporting no barriers (Odds Ratio (OR) = 4.73, p <.001). Participants using IMC reported lower levels of trust in (p <.04) and reliance (p <.02) upon the state program and less reliance on MC pharmacists (p's < 0.01). However, participants who relied on the state program for MC information were less likely to report IMC use (Adjusted Odds Ratio AOR = 0.16, p <.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a state MC program, barriers related to MC access and cost indicated a significant increase in the likelihood of IMC use, while reliance on the state program for MC information indicated a significant decrease in the likelihood of IMC use. Future research can explore how increasing affordable access to MC and availability of reliable information may affect IMC use.</p>","PeriodicalId":101310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cannabis research","volume":"7 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}