Advances in clinical chemistry最新文献_第3页

Myocardial fibrosis in right heart dysfunction. 右心功能不全的心肌纤维化

Advances in clinical chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.02.005

Lucia Agoston-Coldea, Andra Negru

引用次数: 0

Advances in periodontal biomarkers. 牙周生物标志物的研究进展。

Advances in clinical chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.03.003

Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy, Meltem Özdemir Kabalak, Mervi Gürsoy

{"title":"Advances in periodontal biomarkers.","authors":"Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy, Meltem Özdemir Kabalak, Mervi Gürsoy","doi":"10.1016/bs.acc.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acc.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"Due to technologic advancements, periodontology has witnessed a boost in biomarker research over the past three decades. Indeed, with the aid of omics, our understanding of the healthy periodontium, pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, and healing after periodontal treatment has improved significantly. Yet, the traditional methods, periodontal probing and radiographies, remain the most common methods to diagnose periodontal disease and monitor treatment. Although these approaches can produce reliable diagnostic outcomes, they generally detect disease only after significant tissue degradation thus making treatment outcome highly uncertain. Accordingly, laboratories worldwide have collaborated with clinicians to design accurate, rapid and cost-effective biomarkers for periodontal disease diagnosis. Despite these efforts, biomarkers that can be widely used in early disease diagnosis and for treatment outcome prediction are far from daily use. The aim of this chapter is to give a general overview on periodontal health and diseases, and review recent advancements in periodontal biomarker research. A second aim will discuss the strengths and limitations of translating periodontal biomarker research to clinical practice. Genetic biomarkers of periodontitis are not discussed as the available confirmatory data is scarce.","PeriodicalId":101297,"journal":{"name":"Advances in clinical chemistry","volume":"120 ","pages":"145-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tear biomarkers. 泪液生物标志物

Advances in clinical chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.03.002

Erika Ponzini

{"title":"Tear biomarkers.","authors":"Erika Ponzini","doi":"10.1016/bs.acc.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acc.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"An extensive exploration of lacrimal fluid molecular biomarkers in understanding and diagnosing a spectrum of ocular and systemic diseases is presented. The chapter provides an overview of lacrimal fluid composition, elucidating the roles of proteins, lipids, metabolites, and nucleic acids within the tear film. Pooled versus single-tear analysis is discussed to underline the benefits and challenges associated with both approaches, offering insights into optimal strategies for tear sample analysis. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis of tear collection methods is presented, with a focus on Schirmer's test strips and microcapillary tubes methods. Alternative tear collection techniques are also explored, shedding light on their applicability and advantages. Variability factors, including age, sex, and diurnal fluctuations, are examined in the context of their impact on tear biomarker analysis. The main body of the chapter is dedicated to discussing specific biomarkers associated with ocular discomfort and a wide array of ocular diseases. From dry eye disease and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy to keratoconus, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma, the intricate relationship between molecular biomarkers and these conditions is thoroughly dissected. Expanding beyond ocular pathologies, the chapter explores the applicability of tear biomarkers in diagnosing systemic diseases such as multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cancer. This broader perspective underscores the potential of lacrimal fluid analysis in offering non-invasive diagnostic tools for conditions with far-reaching implications.","PeriodicalId":101297,"journal":{"name":"Advances in clinical chemistry","volume":"120 ","pages":"69-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular tools to regulate gene expression in Trypanosoma cruzi. 调控克氏锥虫基因表达的分子工具。

Advances in clinical chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.008

Lays Adrianne M Trajano-Silva, Simon Ngao Mule, Giuseppe Palmisano

{"title":"Molecular tools to regulate gene expression in Trypanosoma cruzi.","authors":"Lays Adrianne M Trajano-Silva, Simon Ngao Mule, Giuseppe Palmisano","doi":"10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"Developing molecular strategies to manipulate gene expression in trypanosomatids is challenging, particularly with respect to the unique gene expression mechanisms adopted by these unicellular parasites, such as polycistronic mRNA transcription and multi-gene families. In the case of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), the causative agent of Chagas Disease, the lack of RNA interference machinery further complicated functional genetic studies important for understanding parasitic biology and developing biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, alternative methods of performing knockout and/or endogenous labelling experiments were developed to identify and understand the function of proteins for survival and interaction with the host. In this review, we present the main tools for the genetic manipulation of T. cruzi, focusing on the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats Cas9-associated system technique widely used in this organism. Moreover, we highlight the importance of using these tools to elucidate the function of uncharacterized and glycosylated proteins. Further developments of these technologies will allow the identification of new biomarkers, therapeutic targets and potential vaccines against Chagas disease with greater efficiency and speed.","PeriodicalId":101297,"journal":{"name":"Advances in clinical chemistry","volume":"120 ","pages":"169-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proteostasis in neurodegenerative diseases. 神经退行性疾病中的蛋白稳态。

Advances in clinical chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.002

Sumit Kinger, Yuvraj Anandrao Jagtap, Prashant Kumar, Akash Choudhary, Amit Prasad, Vijay Kumar Prajapati, Amit Kumar, Gunjan Mehta, Amit Mishra

{"title":"Proteostasis in neurodegenerative diseases.","authors":"Sumit Kinger, Yuvraj Anandrao Jagtap, Prashant Kumar, Akash Choudhary, Amit Prasad, Vijay Kumar Prajapati, Amit Kumar, Gunjan Mehta, Amit Mishra","doi":"10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"Proteostasis is essential for normal function of proteins and vital for cellular health and survival. Proteostasis encompasses all stages in the \"life\" of a protein, that is, from translation to functional performance and, ultimately, to degradation. Proteins need native conformations for function and in the presence of multiple types of stress, their misfolding and aggregation can occur. A coordinated network of proteins is at the core of proteostasis in cells. Among these, chaperones are required for maintaining the integrity of protein conformations by preventing misfolding and aggregation and guide those with abnormal conformation to degradation. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are major cellular pathways for degrading proteins. Although failure or decreased functioning of components of this network can lead to proteotoxicity and disease, like neuron degenerative diseases, underlying factors are not completely understood. Accumulating misfolded and aggregated proteins are considered major pathomechanisms of neurodegeneration. In this chapter, we have described the components of three major branches required for proteostasis-chaperones, UPS and autophagy, the mechanistic basis of their function, and their potential for protection against various neurodegenerative conditions, like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease. The modulation of various proteostasis network proteins, like chaperones, E3 ubiquitin ligases, proteasome, and autophagy-associated proteins as therapeutic targets by small molecules as well as new and unconventional approaches, shows promise.","PeriodicalId":101297,"journal":{"name":"Advances in clinical chemistry","volume":"121 ","pages":"270-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in sepsis biomarkers. 败血症生物标志物的研究进展。

Advances in clinical chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.02.003

Maximo J Marin, Xander M R van Wijk, Allison B Chambliss

引用次数: 0

Gastrointestinal hormones: History, biology, and measurement. 胃肠激素：历史、生物学和测量。

Advances in clinical chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2023.11.004

Jens F Rehfeld, Jens P Goetze

{"title":"Gastrointestinal hormones: History, biology, and measurement.","authors":"Jens F Rehfeld, Jens P Goetze","doi":"10.1016/bs.acc.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acc.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter attempts to provide an all-round picture of a dynamic and major branch of modern endocrinology, i.e. the gastrointestinal endocrinology. The advances during the last half century in our understanding of the dimensions and diversity of gut hormone biology - inside as well as outside the digestive tract - are astounding. Among major milestones are the dual brain-gut relationship, i.e. the comprehensive expression of gastrointestinal hormones as potent transmitters in central and peripheral neurons; the hormonal signaling from the enteroendocrine cells to the brain and other extraintestinal targets; the role of gut hormones as growth and fertility factors; and the new era of gut hormone-derived drugs. Accordingly, gastrointestinal hormones have pathogenetic roles in major metabolic disorders (diabetes mellitus and obesity); in tumor development (common cancers, sarcomas, and neuroendocrine tumors); and in cerebral diseases (anxiety, panic attacks, and probably eating disorders). Such clinical aspects require accurate pathogenetic and diagnostic measurements of gastrointestinal hormones - an obvious responsibility for clinical chemistry/biochemistry. In order to obtain a necessary insight into today's gastrointestinal endocrinology, the chapter will first describe the advances in gastrointestinal endocrinology in a historical context. The history provides a background for the subsequent description of the present biology of gastrointestinal hormones, and its biomedical consequences - not least for clinical chemistry/biochemistry with its specific responsibility for selection of appropriate assays and reliable measurements.","PeriodicalId":101297,"journal":{"name":"Advances in clinical chemistry","volume":"118 ","pages":"111-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139572165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neurofilaments in neurologic disease. 神经疾病中的神经丝。

Advances in clinical chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.06.010

Christina Mousele, David Holden, Sharmilee Gnanapavan

引用次数: 0

Natriuretic peptide testing strategies in heart failure: A 2023 update. 心力衰竭钠尿肽检测策略：2023 年更新。

Advances in clinical chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2023.11.005

Thanat Chaikijurajai, Hernan Rincon-Choles, W H Wilson Tang

{"title":"Natriuretic peptide testing strategies in heart failure: A 2023 update.","authors":"Thanat Chaikijurajai, Hernan Rincon-Choles, W H Wilson Tang","doi":"10.1016/bs.acc.2023.11.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acc.2023.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"Natriuretic peptides (NPs), including B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP), have been recommended as standard biomarkers for diagnosing heart failure (HF), and one of the strongest risk predictors for mortality and HF hospitalization regardless of ejection fraction (EF) and etiology of HF. BNP is an active neurohormone opposing renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous system overactivated in HF, whereas NT-proBNP is an inactive prohormone released from cardiomyocytes in response to wall stress. Despite substantial advances in the development of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for HF with reduced EF, studies demonstrating direct benefits of NP-guided chronic HF therapy on mortality, HF hospitalization, and GDMT optimization have yielded conflicting results. However, accumulating evidence shows that achieving prespecified BNP or NT-proBNP target over time is significantly associated with favorable outcomes, suggesting that benefits of serially measured NPs may be limited to particular groups of HF patients, such as those with extreme levels of baseline BNP or NT-proBNP, which could represent severe phenotypes of HF associated with natriuretic peptide resistance or cardiorenal syndrome. Over the past decade, clinical utilization of BNP and NT-proBNP has been expanded, especially using serial NP measurements for guiding HF therapy, optimizing GDMT and identifying at-risk patients with HF phenotypes who may be minimally symptomatic or asymptomatic.","PeriodicalId":101297,"journal":{"name":"Advances in clinical chemistry","volume":"118 ","pages":"155-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139572123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in endotoxin analysis. 内毒素分析的进展。

Advances in clinical chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2023.11.001

Palak Sondhi, Taiwo Adeniji, Dhanbir Lingden, Keith J Stine

{"title":"Advances in endotoxin analysis.","authors":"Palak Sondhi, Taiwo Adeniji, Dhanbir Lingden, Keith J Stine","doi":"10.1016/bs.acc.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acc.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is primarily composed of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition to protection, LPS defines the distinct serogroups used to identify bacteria specifically. Furthermore, LPS also act as highly potent stimulators of innate immune cells, a phenomenon essential to understanding pathogen invasion in the body. The complex multi-step process of LPS binding to cells involves several binding partners, including LPS binding protein (LBP), CD14 in both membrane-bound and soluble forms, membrane protein MD-2, and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Once these pathways are activated, pro-inflammatory cytokines are eventually expressed. These binding events are also affected by the presence of monomeric or aggregated LPS. Traditional techniques to detect LPS include the rabbit pyrogen test, the monocyte activation test and Limulus-based tests. Modern approaches are based on protein, antibodies or aptamer binding. Recently, novel techniques including electrochemical methods, HPLC, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and molecular imprinting have been developed. These approaches often use nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanotubes, and magnetic nanoparticles. This chapter reviews current developments in endotoxin detection with a focus on modern novel techniques that use various sensing components, ranging from natural biomolecules to synthetic materials. Highly integrated and miniaturized commercial endotoxin detection devices offer a variety of options as the scientific and technologic revolution proceeds.","PeriodicalId":101297,"journal":{"name":"Advances in clinical chemistry","volume":"118 ","pages":"1-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139572160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0