Advances in clinical chemistry最新文献

RNA biomarkers in cancer therapeutics: The promise of personalized oncology. 癌症治疗中的 RNA 生物标记物：个性化肿瘤学的前景。

Advances in clinical chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.06.003

Hector Katifelis, Maria Gazouli

{"title":"RNA biomarkers in cancer therapeutics: The promise of personalized oncology.","authors":"Hector Katifelis, Maria Gazouli","doi":"10.1016/bs.acc.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acc.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer therapy is a rapidly evolving and constantly expanding field. Current approaches include surgery, conventional chemotherapy and novel biologic agents as in immunotherapy, that together compose a wide armamentarium. The plethora of choices can, however, be clinically challenging in prescribing the most suitable treatment for any given patient. Fortunately, biomarkers can greatly facilitate the most appropriate selection. In recent years, RNA-based biomarkers have proven most promising. These molecules that range from small noncoding RNAs to protein coding gene transcripts can be valuable in cancer management and especially in cancer therapeutics. Compared to their DNA counterparts which are stable throughout treatment, RNA-biomarkers are dynamic. This allows prediction of success prior to treatment start and can identify alterations in expression that could reflect response. Moreover, improved nucleic acid technology allows RNA to be extracted from practically every biofluid/matrix and evaluated with exceedingly high analytic sensitivity. In addition, samples are largely obtained by minimally invasive procedures and as such can be used serially to assess treatment response real-time. This chapter provides the reader insight on currently known RNA biomarkers, the latest research employing Artificial Intelligence in the identification of such molecules and in clinical decisions driving forward the era of personalized oncology.","PeriodicalId":101297,"journal":{"name":"Advances in clinical chemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"179-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preface. 序言

Advances in clinical chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2423(24)00077-5

Gregory S Makowski

引用次数: 0

Adipokines in pregnancy. 孕期脂肪因子

Advances in clinical chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.006

Monika Dawid, Karolina Pich, Ewa Mlyczyńska, Natalia Respekta-Długosz, Dominka Wachowska, Aleksandra Greggio, Oliwia Szkraba, Patrycja Kurowska, Agnieszka Rak

{"title":"Adipokines in pregnancy.","authors":"Monika Dawid, Karolina Pich, Ewa Mlyczyńska, Natalia Respekta-Długosz, Dominka Wachowska, Aleksandra Greggio, Oliwia Szkraba, Patrycja Kurowska, Agnieszka Rak","doi":"10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"Reproductive success consists of a sequential events chronology, starting with the ovum fertilization, implantation of the embryo, placentation, and cellular processes like proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, endocrinology, or metabolic changes, which taken together finally conduct the birth of healthy offspring. Currently, many factors are known that affect the regulation and proper maintenance of pregnancy in humans, domestic animals, or rodents. Among the determinants of reproductive success should be distinguished: the maternal microenvironment, genes, and proteins as well as numerous pregnancy hormones that regulate the most important processes and ensure organism homeostasis. It is well known that white adipose tissue, as the largest endocrine gland in our body, participates in the synthesis and secretion of numerous hormones belonging to the adipokine family, which also may regulate the course of pregnancy. Unfortunately, overweight and obesity lead to the expansion of adipose tissue in the body, and its excess in both women and animals contributes to changes in the synthesis and release of adipokines, which in turn translates into dramatic changes during pregnancy, including those taking place in the organ that is crucial for the proper progress of pregnancy, i.e. the placenta. In this chapter, we are summarizing the current knowledge about levels of adipokines and their role in the placenta, taking into account the physiological and pathological conditions of pregnancy, e.g. gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, or intrauterine growth restriction in humans, domestic animals, and rodents.","PeriodicalId":101297,"journal":{"name":"Advances in clinical chemistry","volume":"121 ","pages":"172-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pleiotropic functions and clinical importance of circulating HDL-PON1 complex. 循环 HDL-PON1 复合物的多效应功能和临床重要性。

Advances in clinical chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.003

Abdolkarim Mahrooz

{"title":"Pleiotropic functions and clinical importance of circulating HDL-PON1 complex.","authors":"Abdolkarim Mahrooz","doi":"10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"High density lipoprotein (HDL) functions are mostly mediated through a complex proteome, particularly its enzymes. HDL can provide a scaffold for the assembly of several proteins that affect each other's function. HDL particles, particularly small, dense HDL3, are rich in paraoxonase 1 (PON1), which is an important enzyme in the functionality of HDL, so the antioxidant and antiatherogenic properties of HDL are largely attributed to this enzyme. There is an increasing need to represent a valid, reproducible, and reliable method to assay HDL function in routine clinical laboratories. In this context, HDL-associated proteins may be key players; notably PON1 activity (its arylesterase activity) may be a proper candidate because its decreased activity can be considered an important risk factor for HDL dysfunctionality. Of note, automated methods have been developed for the measurement of serum PON1 activity that facilitates its assay in large sample numbers. Arylesterase activity is proposed as a preferred activity among the different activities of PON1 for its assay in epidemiological studies. The binding of PON1 to HDL is critical for the maintenance of its activity and it appears apolipoprotein A-I plays an important role in HDL-PON1 interaction as well as in the biochemical and enzymatic properties of PON1. The interrelationships between HDL, PON1, and HDL's other components are complex and incompletely understood. The purpose of this review is to discuss biochemical and clinical evidence considering the interactions of PON1 with HDL and the role of this enzyme as an appropriate biomarker for HDL function as well as a potential therapeutic target.","PeriodicalId":101297,"journal":{"name":"Advances in clinical chemistry","volume":"121 ","pages":"132-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biochemical diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation. 先天性糖基化紊乱的生化诊断。

Advances in clinical chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.03.001

Alexandre Raynor, Walid Haouari, Elodie Lebredonchel, François Foulquier, François Fenaille, Arnaud Bruneel

{"title":"Biochemical diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation.","authors":"Alexandre Raynor, Walid Haouari, Elodie Lebredonchel, François Foulquier, François Fenaille, Arnaud Bruneel","doi":"10.1016/bs.acc.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acc.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are one of the fastest growing groups of inborn errors of metabolism, comprising over 160 described diseases to this day. CDG are characterized by a dysfunctional glycosylation process, with molecular defects localized in the cytosol, the endoplasmic reticulum, or the Golgi apparatus. Depending on the CDG, N-glycosylation, O-glycosylation and/or glycosaminoglycan synthesis can be affected. Various proteins, lipids, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors bear glycan chains, with potential impacts on their folding, targeting, secretion, stability, and thus, functionality. Therefore, glycosylation defects can have diverse and serious clinical consequences. CDG patients often present with a non-specific, multisystemic syndrome including neurological involvement, growth delay, hepatopathy and coagulopathy. As CDG are rare diseases, and typically lack distinctive clinical signs, biochemical and genetic testing bear particularly important and complementary diagnostic roles. Here, after a brief introduction on glycosylation and CDG, we review historical and recent findings on CDG biomarkers and associated analytical techniques, with a particular emphasis on those with relevant use in the specialized clinical chemistry laboratory. We provide the reader with insights and methods which may help them properly assist the clinician in navigating the maze of glycosylation disorders.","PeriodicalId":101297,"journal":{"name":"Advances in clinical chemistry","volume":"120 ","pages":"1-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preface. 序言

Advances in clinical chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2423(24)00124-0

Gregory S Makowski

引用次数: 0

Volatile organic compounds in cancer and exhaled breath detection technology. 癌症中的挥发性有机化合物和呼出气体检测技术。

Advances in clinical chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.06.012

Xinyuan Zhou, Manqing Qi, Mingqi Tang, Shifang Wen, Zhenjie Xue, Tie Wang

{"title":"Volatile organic compounds in cancer and exhaled breath detection technology.","authors":"Xinyuan Zhou, Manqing Qi, Mingqi Tang, Shifang Wen, Zhenjie Xue, Tie Wang","doi":"10.1016/bs.acc.2024.06.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acc.2024.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"The detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breath has become a potential method for early cancer screening. Although this approach has attracted increasing attention from the both scientific and medical communities, it has not received appreciable traction in the clinical setting. There are two main obstacles. One involves the identification of specific biomarkers or combinations thereof especially in early cancer. The other is the lack the specialized equipment for breath analysis having the appropriate sensitivity and specificity. Using metabolomics, this chapter examines the research strategies involving gas biomarkers in cancer patient breath, cancer cell gas metabolites and synthetic biomarkers. We briefly explore gas biomarkers of seven cancers and introduce principles of detection and clinical application. Large analytical instruments and small sensor technology are highlighted. Challenges to VOC analysis are presented including clinical use, extraction and detection, miniaturization efforts and examination of metabolic VOC pathways. Finally, VOCs in cancer and in exhaled breath detection technology are summarized and future prospects explored.","PeriodicalId":101297,"journal":{"name":"Advances in clinical chemistry","volume":"122 ","pages":"53-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141904117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PTSD biomarkers: Neuroendocrine signaling to epigenetic variants. 创伤后应激障碍生物标志物：从神经内分泌信号到表观遗传变异。

Advances in clinical chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.06.004

Alyssa Sbisa, Kristin Graham, Ellie Lawrence-Wood, Alexander C McFarlane, Catherine Toben

{"title":"PTSD biomarkers: Neuroendocrine signaling to epigenetic variants.","authors":"Alyssa Sbisa, Kristin Graham, Ellie Lawrence-Wood, Alexander C McFarlane, Catherine Toben","doi":"10.1016/bs.acc.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acc.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by exposure to traumatic events and involves symptom domains such as intrusive thoughts, avoidant behaviors, negative mood, and cognitive dysfunction. The disorder can be chronic and debilitating, and the heterogenous nature and varied presentation of PTSD has afforded difficulty in determining efficacious treatment. The ability to identify biomarkers for PTSD risk, prognosis, or for the purposes of treatment, would be highly valuable. There is evidence for peripheral biomarkers related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the immune system, neurotransmitters and neurohormones, while genome and epigenome wide association studies have identified genes of interest relating to neurocircuitry, monoaminergic function, and the immune system. Importantly, however, reproducibility is a persistent issue. Considerations for future research include the need for well-powered and well-designed studies to determine directionality, in addition to considering biomarkers as they relate to symptom domains and the spectrum of symptom severity rather than dichotomous diagnostic outcomes. We conclude by recommending the staging of biological processes and PTSD symptoms, from subsyndromal to chronic, which could eventually facilitate selection of personalized treatment interventions for individuals with PTSD, in addition to serving as a future framework for biomarker data.","PeriodicalId":101297,"journal":{"name":"Advances in clinical chemistry","volume":"122 ","pages":"209-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141904115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cardiac natriuretic peptides. 心钠素。

Advances in clinical chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-29 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.06.009

Theodor W Shalmi, Anne Sophie B Jensen, Jens P Goetze

引用次数: 0

Preface. 序言

Advances in clinical chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2423(24)00113-6

Gregory S Makowski

引用次数: 0