WFUMB Ultrasound Open最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of ultrasound image quality in a reference phantom using gel and liquid standoff pads","authors":"Catherine Paverd ,&nbsp;Alexander Martin ,&nbsp;Marga Rominger ,&nbsp;Lisa Ruby","doi":"10.1016/j.wfumbo.2024.100051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wfumbo.2024.100051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>and Methods: This paper presents a review of image quality in ultrasound imaging when using gel and liquid standoff pads, compared to imaging without a standoff pad. Imaging metrics assessed are lateral resolution, nearfield target intensity, and contrast to noise ratio of echogenicity targets. Measurements were made with a Canon Aplio i800 ultrasound system on a standardized ultrasound phantom (Computerized Imaging Reference Systems, Inc.), and custom-made agarose phantoms. Two cases are examined: when the ultrasound images are taken with the probe at different heights above the phantom (the normal clinical use-case for standoff pads); and when the ultrasound probe is artificially always placed at the same height above the phantom (allowing for direct image comparison).</p></div><div><h3>Results and conclusion</h3><p>The main differences in the standard clinical use-case were observed in nearfield image intensity, with a mean difference of 22.4 ± 11.1 % between highest and lowest positions. Investigation of probes at the same height above the phantom shows that differences appear to be due primarily due to the height of the probe above the phantom, rather than the pads themselves. Elevational beamwidth was found to be a minimum of 2.2 mm at 25 mm axial depth, and adding a standoff pad can change vessel and cyst visualization due to the elevational beamwidth. This is a useful result to be aware of for clinicians using standoff pads on modern ultrasound systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101281,"journal":{"name":"WFUMB Ultrasound Open","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949668324000193/pdfft?md5=285c2f529ffa468781058da53ccb26e2&pid=1-s2.0-S2949668324000193-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the diagnosis of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Le Chong ,&nbsp;Luhua Xia ,&nbsp;Xiulan Wu ,&nbsp;Hongyu Li ,&nbsp;Zhiying Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.wfumbo.2024.100054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wfumbo.2024.100054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate the accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the diagnosis of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, the full database of China, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang database databases were utilized. Perspective studies regarding CEUS diagnosis of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer were included. QUADAS-2 was used to estimate the research quality by two reviewers independently. Metadisc1.4 software and Stata 14.0 were used to examine data from the included studies. The diagnostic value of CEUS was assessed by aspects such as summary sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic (SROC).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Fourteen studies were included and 1127 patients were included. A meta-analysis showed that the summary sensitivity of CEUS was 0.85 (95 % CI 0.82–0.87), the specificity was 0.86 (95 % CI 0.82–0.89), the diagnostic odds ratio was 31.15 (95 % CI 17.16–56.52) and the SROC was 0.9186.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>CEUS diagnosis of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer has high sensitivity and specificity and it is the preferred method to diagnose axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer in clinical practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101281,"journal":{"name":"WFUMB Ultrasound Open","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949668324000223/pdfft?md5=a45010cf49a4fd869067f9cdcdfcdb6f&pid=1-s2.0-S2949668324000223-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141629935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning-based segmentation of 3D ultrasound images of the thyroid","authors":"Roxane Munsterman ,&nbsp;Tim Boers ,&nbsp;Sicco J. Braak ,&nbsp;Jelmer M. Wolterink ,&nbsp;Michel Versluis ,&nbsp;Srirang Manohar","doi":"10.1016/j.wfumbo.2024.100055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wfumbo.2024.100055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The goal of the study was to develop a method for segmentation of the thyroid, carotid artery (CA), and jugular vein (JV) using 3D ultrasound data. This method forms the basis for a computer-assisted needle-based intervention for thyroid nodules and thyroid volume estimation accuracy. Two datasets were used: the first was acquired using a tracked 2D sweep and the second with a 3D matrix transducer. A 2D and 3D U-Net model were trained on the full data set with different strategies (2D, majority vote in 2.5D and 3D). The 2D model achieved the best results for the tracked 2D sweep data set in terms of median Dice Score Coefficient (DSC) (0.934, 0.924, 0.897) and Hausdorff distance at the 95 percentile (HD₉₅) (1.206, 0.588, 1.571 mm) for the thyroid, CA, and JV, respectively. For the matrix data set, the 3D model gave overall the best results in its median DSC (0.869, 0.930, 0.856) and HD₉₅ (1.814, 0.606, 1.405 mm) for the thyroid, CA, and JV, respectively, showing comparable results in vessel segmentation but inferior results in thyroid segmentation compared to the tracked sweep data set. The model demonstrated lower median volume estimation errors in the tracked sweep data set (4.45 %) compared to the matrix data set (7.40 %) and the ellipsoid formula (13.84 %) for thyroid volume estimation. This work shows that automatic segmentation in 3D ultrasound of the human neck is best performed with 3D ultrasound. Improving the quality of the 3D data is important for the development of a planning and navigation method to be used with needle-based interventions for thyroid nodules.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101281,"journal":{"name":"WFUMB Ultrasound Open","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949668324000235/pdfft?md5=33e77984ac9b8fcd628e6b4f206b9cf2&pid=1-s2.0-S2949668324000235-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141709610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of ultrasound images by midwives implementing ultrasound scanning services during antenatal clinics within selected healthcare facilities of Zambia","authors":"Shown Haluzani ,&nbsp;Agripa Lungu ,&nbsp;Mweetwa Mudenda ,&nbsp;Arnold Hamapa ,&nbsp;Catherine Mkandawire ,&nbsp;Abraham Kaluba ,&nbsp;Oswell Khondowe ,&nbsp;Mushelelwa Mutale ,&nbsp;Karren Imasiku ,&nbsp;Muyereka Nyirenda ,&nbsp;Osbert Nkolola ,&nbsp;Lackson Kasonka ,&nbsp;Felix Simute ,&nbsp;Angel Mwiche ,&nbsp;Evarist Njelesani ,&nbsp;Peter Mwaba ,&nbsp;C. Viner Alexandra ,&nbsp;David Lissauer ,&nbsp;Mubambe Mulaya ,&nbsp;Desire Kabamba ,&nbsp;Lydia Hangulu","doi":"10.1016/j.wfumbo.2024.100057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wfumbo.2024.100057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Limited access to ultrasound services in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) prompts the development of an intensive training program for midwives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of ultrasound images produced by midwives and assess their competency in gestational age assessment using femur length.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional study conducted in 11 healthcare facilities across four districts in Zambia involved the evaluation of 928 images captured during the implementation of the Training in Ultrasound to Determine Gestational Age (TUDA) program in 2021. TUDA, collaboration under the DIPLOMATIC Study, trained 24 midwives intensively for 14 days, followed by eight weeks of supervised scanning. Image assessment utilized the Sarries four-point tool, and statistical analyses included descriptive and inferential statistics.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Midwives achieved an 87.95 % competency level in basic ultrasound scans for gestational age determination using femur length. Assessment by four evaluators showed an average proportion of good-quality images also at 87.95 %. There were no statistically significant differences among assessors, indicating consistency in evaluations. Trainers and radiographers exhibited different average proportions of good-quality images at 91.5 % and 83.9 %, respectively, with no statistically significant differences observed between them.</p><p>Furthermore, analysis of image quality revealed significant variation among different facilities. Specifically, in Chipata, 24.32 % of scans were classified as poor quality, while in George Clinic, only 2.30 % were considered poor quality. A Chi-square test indicated a substantial correlation between health facility and image quality (χ² = 15.99, p = 0.025). However, no significant correlations were found between image quality and factors such as work experience, age group, or gender.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study provides critical evidence for successfully training midwives to competent produce high-quality ultrasound images for determining gestational age. These findings are essential for guiding interventions aimed at enhancing ultrasound service delivery and ensuring consistent, high-quality healthcare outcomes, because this is critical for effective prenatal care in Zambia. This has high potential to improve prenatal care.</p></div><div><h3>Recommendation</h3><p>Zambia needs to train more midwives to provide routine ultrasound services during Antenatal Care (ANC) which may ultimately reduce preterm and still births. We recommend the inclusion of ultrasound scanning in-service and pre-service training and establishment of standardized protocols and guidelines for ultrasound scanning services during antenatal clinics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101281,"journal":{"name":"WFUMB Ultrasound Open","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949668324000259/pdfft?md5=1e6e884893ae74abbd964869ad0fda89&pid=1-s2.0-S2949668324000259-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141692610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum regarding missing disclaimer in previously published articles","authors":"Saubhagya Srivastava,&nbsp;Garvit D. Khatri","doi":"10.1016/j.wfumbo.2024.100072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wfumbo.2024.100072","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101281,"journal":{"name":"WFUMB Ultrasound Open","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic standard plane and diagnostic usability classification in obstetric ultrasounds","authors":"Adam Lim ,&nbsp;Mohamed Abdalla ,&nbsp;Farbod Abolhassani ,&nbsp;Wyanne Law ,&nbsp;Benjamin Fine ,&nbsp;Dafna Sussman","doi":"10.1016/j.wfumbo.2024.100050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wfumbo.2024.100050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study introduces an innovative end-to-end deep learning pipeline designed to automatically classify and order fetal ultrasound standard planes in alignment with the guidelines of the Canadian Association of Radiologists, while also assessing the diagnostic usability of each view. The primary objective is to address the manual and cumbersome challenges that interpreting radiologists encounter in the existing obstetric ultrasound workflow.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We compiled a diverse dataset, comprising 33,561 de-identified two-dimensional obstetrical ultrasound images acquired from January 1, 2010, to June 1, 2020. This dataset was categorized into 19 distinct classes associated with standard planes and further partitioned into training, validation, and testing subsets via a 60:20:20 stratified split. The standard plane and diagnostic usability networks are founded on a convolutional neural network framework and employ the benefits of transfer learning.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The standard plane classification network demonstrated promising results by achieving 99.4 % and 98.7 % for accuracy and F1 score, respectively. Subsequently, the diagnostic usability network demonstrated strong performance, registering 80 % accuracy and an 82 % F1 score. Notably, this study is the first to investigate whether deep learning methods can surpass sonographers in the standard plane labeling task, with some instances revealing the algorithm's capacity to rectify sonographer mislabeled planes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results highlight the algorithm's potential to be integrated into a clinical setting by serving as a reliable assistive tool, alleviating the cognitive workload faced by radiologists and enhancing efficiency and diagnostic outcomes in the current obstetric ultrasound process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101281,"journal":{"name":"WFUMB Ultrasound Open","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949668324000181/pdfft?md5=6d1b4a97d145109fa7f438f96a49ba42&pid=1-s2.0-S2949668324000181-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141487067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutoff value of ultrasonic attenuation coefficient by Att.PLUS technique for diagnosis and grading of hepatic steatosis using MRI-derived proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) as a reference standard","authors":"Natthaporn Tanpowpong ,&nbsp;Aimpavee Keeratiratwattana ,&nbsp;Pisit Tangkijvanich","doi":"10.1016/j.wfumbo.2024.100043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wfumbo.2024.100043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101281,"journal":{"name":"WFUMB Ultrasound Open","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transvaginal sonographic appearance of Surgicel®: A case series report","authors":"Sara Tameish ,&nbsp;Henar Guerra Mas ,&nbsp;Alba Cabello Magriñá ,&nbsp;Sandra Simón Cases ,&nbsp;Pere Cavallé Busquets","doi":"10.1016/j.wfumbo.2024.100064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wfumbo.2024.100064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Surgicel® (oxidized regenerated cellulose) is widely used for hemostasis in gynecological surgery. Although intended to be absorbed within weeks, it can persist and be visualized on transvaginal ultrasound, potentially mimicking ovarian pathologies. The purpose of this study was to describe the appearance of Surgicel® on post-ovarian cystectomy and provide guidance on differentiating it from other conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We retrospectively reviewed postoperative transvaginal sonographic examinations of 6 patients after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy in which Surgicel® was used for hemostasis. Ultrasonographic evaluations were performed as part of routine postoperative assessment without any specific timing protocol. Sonographic examinations were performed up to 335 days after surgery. Images were reviewed for echogenicity, vascularization (color doppler) and acoustic properties. Surgical reports confirmed the use of Surgicel®in each patient.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Surgicel® displayed varying ultrasonographic characteristics, lacking a uniform appearance. In all cases, it appeared as a hyperechoic, avascular lesion, sometimes with posterior acoustic shadowing and occasionally accompanied by a cystic component. In one patient, serial scans revealed a gradual reduction in size and changes in sonographic features over time.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Surgicel® can present with diverse ultrasound features. However, a hyperechoic avascular lesion is a key potential sign for distinguishing it from other conditions. Awareness of these sonographic appearances is essential to avoid misdiagnosis, highlighting the importance of collaboration between sonographers and surgeons to prevent unnecessary interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101281,"journal":{"name":"WFUMB Ultrasound Open","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949668324000326/pdfft?md5=eca97803159fa23badc0c8aeeb6c7679&pid=1-s2.0-S2949668324000326-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using virtual reality to assess competence in abdominal point–of–care ultrasound","authors":"Maja Emilie Verland ,&nbsp;Rune Overgaard Jensen ,&nbsp;Anders Bo Nielsen ,&nbsp;Stefan Posth ,&nbsp;Lars Konge ,&nbsp;Ole Graumann ,&nbsp;Pia Iben Pietersen","doi":"10.1016/j.wfumbo.2024.100047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wfumbo.2024.100047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to develop a virtual reality test for abdominal point-of-care competence, to gather validity evidence for the test, and to establish a pass/fail score.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The developed test consisted of four abdominal point-of-care ultrasound cases. Medical students and doctors with varying abdominal point-of-care ultrasound experience were invited to the test and divided into three study groups: Novices, intermediates, and experienced abdominal point-of-care ultrasound operators. Data from the following items were used for item analysis and to examine internal consistency: The ability to correctly enter patient identification, orientate the ultrasound probe, and select a patient diagnosis (hydronephrosis, cholecystitis, gallbladder stones, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and/or urine retention). The contrasting groups’ standard setting method was used to establish a pass/fail score.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Thirty-one participants were included in the test. The item analysis included 49 items and a credible pass/fail score of 31 points was established (minimum of 0 points, maximum of 49 points). A one-way ANOVA was used to compare the mean test scores between the groups and showed significant difference between all three groups (p &lt; 0.001). Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha of 0.91), and an independent <em>t</em>-test showed statistically significant difference between the total scores of novices (mean = 23.7 points; SD = 8.7) and experienced operators (mean = 39.1 points; SD = 7.9), p &lt; 0.001.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We developed a test for abdominal point-of-care ultrasound competence assessment in virtual reality. Solid validity evidence was gathered, a credible pass/fail score was established, and the test could distinguish between novices and experienced abdominal point-of-care ultrasound operators.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101281,"journal":{"name":"WFUMB Ultrasound Open","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949668324000156/pdfft?md5=79ab798f5f339f20e9241e7236b80298&pid=1-s2.0-S2949668324000156-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141056434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel 4D volumetric M-mode ultrasound scanning technique for evaluation of intravascular volume and hemodynamic parameters","authors":"Sahil Patel ,&nbsp;Emily Kao ,&nbsp;Xu Wang ,&nbsp;Kristyn Ringgold ,&nbsp;Jeff Thiel ,&nbsp;Nathan White ,&nbsp;Shahram Aarabi ,&nbsp;Daniel F. Leotta","doi":"10.1016/j.wfumbo.2024.100058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wfumbo.2024.100058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>We use a novel 4-dimensional (4D) volumetric M-mode (VMM) ultrasound (US) technique to assess intravascular volume by monitoring the inferior vena cava (IVC). The VMM method expands the spatial coverage of standard M-mode scanning (depth vs time) by including lateral image direction and adds transducer tilt to cover the region surrounding the IVC. Current ultrasound methods for volume assessment suffer from intra- and inter-operator variability. The VMM technique aims to address these limitations, aiding in early detection of hypovolemia/hemorrhage and guiding resuscitation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods/technical approach</h3><p>The 4D VMM technique was used on animals that underwent a swine hemorrhagic shock protocol with fluid resuscitation. 2D ultrasound images obtained were formatted in a 3D volume to capture changes over time in vessel size with respiration and volume status. Planes were then extracted from the 3D volume at multiple lateral locations to find and track the IVC. The vessel walls were manually traced on vertical planes (depth vs. time) to determine mean IVC diameter and IVC collapsibility at each measurement time point in the shock/resuscitation protocol. Planes at constant depth (lateral vs. time) were selected to extract respiratory and cardiac cycle data.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Mean IVC diameter in the baseline phase was significantly greater than in the hemorrhage phase (p = 0.020). There was no significant different in mean IVC diameter between baseline and resuscitation (p = 0.064) or hemorrhage and resuscitation phases (p = 0.531). There was no statistically significant difference in mean collapsibility or ΔIVC diameter between protocol phases. The 4D VMM technique effectively measured heart and respiratory rates, consistent with monitored vitals.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>4D VMM identified IVC changes corresponding to blood loss and resuscitation during hemorrhagic shock as well as heart/respiratory rates. This innovative approach holds promise in reducing operator variability and providing actionable information during treatment of shock.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101281,"journal":{"name":"WFUMB Ultrasound Open","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949668324000260/pdfft?md5=6bc463d87f8bd57e910db0b8ee1bbe04&pid=1-s2.0-S2949668324000260-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141951445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}