Watershed Ecology and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Recent trends and future directions in artificial intelligence (AI) applications for coastal ecosystems Conservation: Insights from a bibliometric analysis","authors":"Sylvester T. Cortes","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal ecosystems, such as mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs, provide essential ecological, economic, and social services. However, their capacity to deliver these services is diminishing due to increasing ecosystem disturbances, resource exploitation, and the impacts of climate change. In response, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools into conservation efforts has led to a surge in scholarly publications, highlighting the need for a bibliometric analysis to systematically examine emerging trends and identify future directions in this rapidly evolving and interdisciplinary field. Bibliometric data were sourced from the Scopus database, covering a ten-year period from 2015 to June 2025. The analysis was conducted using Bibliometrix and VOSviewer, complemented by OpenRefine, Microsoft Excel, RStudio, and OriginPro for data cleaning and visualization. Results revealed an annual publication growth rate of 6.61% in the field. The institutions from China and the United States are at the forefront of research outputs and international collaborations, indicating their strong investment and leadership in the application of AI to coastal ecosystem conservation. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified thematic clusters around AI tools such as remote sensing, machine learning, and deep learning, highlighting a transition from traditional environmental sensing toward real-time monitoring and predictive modeling. There is also a growing presence of multiple countries based on the keyword co-occurrence networks. It indicates increasing global participation, collaboration, and interest in applying AI to ecosystem conservation. Collectively, these findings point to a maturing research landscape with a promising trajectory toward the development of globally adaptive conservation strategies driven by artificial intelligence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 88-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safeguarding the blue lifeline: interdisciplinary science for sustainable rivers and watersheds","authors":"Xinghui Xia,&nbsp;Baoshan Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages A1-A2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149050604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sectoral divergences in industrial effluent quality and risk in Bangladesh: Insights from tobacco and non-tobacco industries","authors":"Anupam Roy ,&nbsp;Md. Golam Mostafa","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2026.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2026.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the first comparative assessment of tobacco and non-tobacco industrial effluents in Bangladesh, emphasizing irrigation potential and ecological risks (<em>ER</em>) through multi-index evaluations. Eighteen tobacco effluents were analyzed for twenty-eight physicochemical, ionic, and heavy metal (HM) parameters, while secondary raw data from published articles were analyzed for major non-tobacco Bangladeshi industries. Results revealed clear sectoral divergences. Tannery effluents were the most hazardous, exceeding limits for nearly all parameters, whereas tobacco showed moderate pollution. Across industries, turbidity, total suspended solids, biochemical/chemical oxygen demand, K⁺, NO₃-N, and PO₄-P were key drivers of effluent degradation. Sodium hazards were confined to the tannery and sugar. HM analysis identified tannery as the dominant Cr polluter and tobacco with elevated Cd. FTIR Spectroscopy of tobacco effluents revealed diverse organic and metal-linked compounds. The Water Quality Index rated all effluents very poor. The Water Health Index classified tannery and textile-dyeing as extremely poor, while tobacco and most others were comparatively better. HM Pollution and <em>ER</em> Indices illustrated tannery, textile-dyeing, and pharmaceutical as high-risk due to Cr, Cd, Pb, and Mn. These findings highlight both risks and opportunities for nutrient-rich effluent reuse, offering a pollution ranking framework to guide targeted treatment, sustainable irrigation, and ecosystem protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 221-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying ecosystem services and analyzing trade-offs under a rapid land cover change: the case of Northwestern Ethiopian Highlands","authors":"Temesgen Bogale ,&nbsp;Shimeles Damene ,&nbsp;Assefa Seyoum ,&nbsp;Nigussie Haregeweyn","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2026.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2026.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid land use/land cover (LULC) change in the Northwestern Ethiopian Highlands is intensifying pressures on ecosystem services. However, empirical evidence on the magnitude and nature of trade-offs among these services remains limited. This study aimed at quantifying and valuing ecosystem services and their trade-offs associated with high-intensity LULC change between 2010 and 2020, to provide insights for sustainable land management. We applied the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model to assess carbon storage, sediment retention, seasonal water yield, crop yield, and plantation revenue. Rigorous data processing steps such as watershed delineation, image preprocessing, land use classification, accuracy validation and trade-offs analysis were undertaken. Changes in ecosystem services were valued in terms of net present values to facilitate comparison across services and among watersheds by using a common unit of account −USD. LULC change was dominated by a 297% expansion of plantation forests, accompanied by an increase in carbon stock (39.57 to 45.93 t ha⁻¹). In contrast, sediment retention declined from 68.32 to 48.63 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, and seasonal water yield decreased by 9.8%. Meanwhile, annual gross-margin from crop yields rose by 39.7%, and plantation income more than tripled. The net present value of ecosystem service changes included USD 4.27 million from carbon storage, USD 27.92 million from avoided dredging costs, and USD 78.99 million from crop production. Trade-offs were observed between crop yield and regulating services, while synergies occurred between plantation income and carbon sequestration. High-intensity LULC change improves provisioning services at the expense of regulating services. However, balanced land allocation, as observed in Timble watershed, can reduce trade-offs and even create synergies among services. The findings offer actionable evidence for policymakers and land managers to design strategies that balance agricultural production with long-term ecosystem sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 154-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147649930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of flood prediction (2018–2025): Flood categories, input features, and Machine Learning, Deep Learning and hybrid approaches","authors":"Saif Tasnim Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Farzana Yasmin ,&nbsp;Most Mahbuba Pervin Tanni ,&nbsp;Mizanur Rahman ,&nbsp;Hasan Sarwar ,&nbsp;Ting Tin Tin","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2026.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2026.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Floods continue to pose a significant global threat, resulting in substantial human, infrastructural, and economic losses each year. Although floods cannot be entirely prevented, advancements in modern technologies, particularly data-driven approaches, offer significant potential to mitigate their impacts through accurate prediction. This paper conducts a <em>Systematic Literature Review (SLR)</em> of flood prediction research published between 2018 and 2025. The review focuses on four primary aspects: (1) the classification and geographical distribution of different flood types; (2) the key hydrological, meteorological, and geographical parameters utilized in flood prediction; (3) the range of innovative technologies applied, including traditional statistical approach, Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), and hybrid models; and (4) the challenges associated with training ML models using historical and geographical datasets. The findings reveal a clear trend toward the adoption of advanced ML and ensemble-based methods due to their improved prediction accuracy and adaptability across diverse geographical contexts. The review also emphasizes the critical role of feature selection in enhancing model performance and highlights the growing importance of integrating real-time data streams for timely flood forecasting. Despite the progress, significant challenges persist, particularly the scarcity of comprehensive historical datasets in many regions, which affects model generalizability and robustness. This paper outlines potential future research directions, including leveraging transfer learning, data augmentation, and integrating heterogeneous data sources to develop more reliable and context-aware flood prediction systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 185-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147649937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the role of Indonesian major fishing ports on contributing to ocean macroplastic pollution","authors":"Tri Yuwono ,&nbsp;Mutiara Rachmat Putri ,&nbsp;Susanna Nurdjaman ,&nbsp;Sakti Wahyu Trenggono ,&nbsp;Kamaluddin Kasim","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic pollution in marine environments remains a critical global challenge, with Indonesia playing a significant role due to its extensive fisheries sector. Fishing ports contribute substantially to this issue through waste generated from vessel operations, fish processing, port activities, and riverine pollution. This study examines macro plastic waste production and its sources at four major Indonesian fishing ports—PPS Nizam Zachman (Jakarta), PPN Cilacap, PPN Kejawanan (Cirebon), and PPN Sibolga (North Sumatra)—by integrating field surveys and stakeholder discussions. The results indicate that plastic waste generation varies significantly across ports, with PPS Nizam Zachman producing the highest amount at an average of 700 kg per month, followed by PPN Cilacap (170 kg) and PPN Kejawanan (72 kg). Additionally, riverine plastic pollution plays a critical role in plastic accumulation, particularly at ports near urban river systems. Despite existing regulatory frameworks, including MMAF Decree No. 130 of 2023, challenges persist in waste management due to financial constraints, weak enforcement, and inadequate infrastructure. Based on the research findings, the most effective strategies for mitigating plastic pollution at fishing ports include expanding and institutionalizing waste retrieval programs by linking vessel permits (Surat Layak Operasi/SLO) to waste management compliance, improving waste management infrastructure through public–private partnerships, and strengthening multi-stakeholder collaboration among port authorities, regulatory bodies, and local governments. Additionally, integrating riverine waste management into coastal strategies—such as installing floating trash barriers and enhancing upstream waste collection—is crucial to reducing plastic influx into fishing ports. Community engagement and education initiatives, including waste bank programs and awareness campaigns targeting fishers and port workers, are also essential for long-term sustainability. The findings emphasize the urgent need for an integrated waste management system that aligns regulatory enforcement, infrastructure development, and community participation to promote sustainability in Indonesia’s fisheries sector. Addressing these challenges through coordinated government and stakeholder action is paramount to reducing plastic waste leakage into the marine environment and ensuring long-term ecological and economic sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 74-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the impacts of climate change on drought intensity and frequency using SPI and SPEI in the Southern Pre-Balkash region, Kazakhstan","authors":"Alimkulov Sayat ,&nbsp;Makhmudova Lyazzat ,&nbsp;Talipova Elmira ,&nbsp;Baspakova Gaukhar ,&nbsp;Monkayeva Gulsara","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a study of droughts in the South Pre-Balkash region that considers climate change and its impact on the intensity and frequency of drought periods. The main objective of this study is to assess changes in climatic parameters and their impact on the development of droughts using standardized precipitation indices (SPI) and precipitation evapotranspiration (SPEI) for the period 1950–2023. Long-term rainfall and temperature data and remote sensing data from the Google Earth Engine platform were used for the analysis. The Mann-Kendall test was applied to assess trends in climatic conditions and drought characteristics.</div><div>The results showed that although both the SPI and SPEI can be used to assess droughts, the SPEI is more effective at capturing changes in air temperature increases. The intensity and frequency of drought periods increased after the 1990 s, especially as measured by the SPEI. Additionally, the results of the present study indicate an increase in the intensity and frequency of dry periods, which is associated with climate change. In the study area, climate change is characterised mainly by an increase in air temperature (0.17–0.39 °C/10 years). The SPEI index is more sensitive to changes in the water balance, as it takes into account the influences of both precipitation and evaporation, in contrast to the SPI index, which considers only the influence of precipitation. Consequently, when drought conditions are analyzed using the SPEI index, a more accurate representation of the depth and severity of drought is obtained. These findings have important implications for the development of adaptation measures in agriculture and water management in the context of increasing drought risk in the Southern Pre-Balkash region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 11-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming desalination brine into highly reactive magnesium oxide and life cycle analysis","authors":"Hasanthi L. Senevirathna ,&nbsp;W.P. Cathie Lee ,&nbsp;Shunnian Wu ,&nbsp;Kewu Bai ,&nbsp;Ping Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sustainable production of magnesium oxide (MgO) from reject brine at a desalination facility in Singapore presents a promising alternative to traditional building materials. This study investigates the properties and extraction methods of MgO derived from reject brine, focusing on environmental sustainability and resource efficiency. By utilizing a combination of thermodynamic modelling of concentrated salt aqueous solutions and experimental validation, we optimized the recovery process for Mg²⁺ from reject brine, achieving an impressive 99 % recovery rate to produce MgO with ∼ 98 % purity. The MgO produced, calcined at 700 °C, exhibits high reactivity and a large surface area of 58.01 m²/g, making it a highly viable option for various industrial applications. This approach addresses reject brine disposal challenges and emphasizes brine valorization, aligning with strict environmental regulations by treating both freshwater and concentrated brine as valuable products. The technology enables cost-effective reject brine treatment by recycling Mg²⁺ to produce sustainable Mg-based materials. A comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was conducted to evaluate the environmental impact of MgO production from reject brine. This analysis provides a thorough examination of the transformation process, assessing the sustainability of employing MgO in commercial applications. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for enhancing sustainability in various sectors, underscoring the promise of MgO as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 36-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing wetland mapping in Argentina: A probabilistic approach integrating remote sensing, machine learning, and cloud computing towards sustainable ecosystem monitoring","authors":"María F. Navarro Rau ,&nbsp;Noelia C. Calamari ,&nbsp;Carlos S. Navarro ,&nbsp;Andrea Enriquez ,&nbsp;María J. Mosciaro ,&nbsp;Griselda Saucedo ,&nbsp;Raul Barrios ,&nbsp;Matías Curcio ,&nbsp;Victorio Dieta ,&nbsp;Guillermo García Martínez ,&nbsp;María del R. Iturralde Elortegui ,&nbsp;Nicole J. Michard ,&nbsp;Paula Paredes ,&nbsp;Fernando Umaña ,&nbsp;Silvina Alday ,&nbsp;Alejandro Pezzola ,&nbsp;Claudia Vidal ,&nbsp;Cristina Winschel ,&nbsp;Silvia Albarracin Franco ,&nbsp;Santiago Behr ,&nbsp;Ditmar B. Kurtz","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wetlands, covering 7 % of Earth’s surface, are crucial for providing ecosystem services and regulating climate change. Despite their importance, global fluctuations in wetland distribution highlight the need for accurate and comprehensive mapping to address current and future challenges. In Argentina, a lack of detailed knowledge about wetland distribution, extent, and dynamics impedes effective conservation and management efforts. This study addresses these challenges by presenting a probabilistic wetland distribution map for Argentina, integrating 20 years of satellite imagery with machine learning and cloud computing technologies. Our approach introduces a comprehensive set of biophysical indices, enabling the identification of key wetland characteristics: 1) permanent or temporal surface water presence; 2) water-adapted vegetation phenology; and 3) geomorphology conducive to water accumulation. Our model achieved an accuracy of 89.3 %, effectively identifying wetland areas and delineating “elasticity” zones that reveal temporal wetland behavior. Approximately 9.5 % of Argentina is classified as wetlands, with the Chaco-Mesopotamia region accounting for 43 % of these areas. The performance of the 42 assessed variables varied across macro-regions, highlighting the necessity for region-specific classification methods. In the Andean region, variables such as the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) were key predictors, while in the plains, spectral properties including vegetation and water content indices were more significant. Despite challenges in classifying irrigated areas, the model demonstrated considerable robustness. This study not only enhances our understanding of wetland dynamics but also provides insights into how different regions respond to various environmental factors, offering a more nuanced perspective on wetland behavior. These findings pave the way for refined conservation strategies and further research into the impacts of climate change and land use on wetland ecosystems. The precision, scalability, and representation of wetland elasticity emphasize its importance for decision-making and provide a crucial baseline for future research amid ongoing environmental changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 144-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronological development of environmental protection and sustainable development in Ethiopia: Systematic review","authors":"Tsegay Kahsay Gebrekidan ,&nbsp;Muuz Gebretsadik Gebremariam ,&nbsp;Meaza Kidane Teferi ,&nbsp;Selama Gebreslassie Yebyo","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable development aims to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It encompasses the continuous growth of political, cultural, economic, social, and environmental sectors. This review investigates the historical progress and actions of sustainable development in Ethiopia by examining various published and unpublished documents, government reports, policies, and legislation. The findings highlight that Ethiopia, with a longstanding history of environmental protection practices such as establishing protected areas, soil and water conservation, and sanitation, has made notable progress, especially since the mid-1990s. The inclusion of environmental rights in the 1995 Constitution led to the development of comprehensive policies, strategies, proclamations, regulations, and guidelines for sustainable development. Despite these advancements, Ethiopia faces numerous environmental challenges, including land degradation, climate change, deforestation, pollution, and inadequate implementation of environmental policies. These issues are further complicated by political instability, financial constraints, a lack of skilled human resources, rapid population growth, traditional agricultural practices, and weak community awareness. However, opportunities for improvement exist. Ethiopia can enhance its environmental goals by utilizing hydropower, investing in solar and wind energy, promoting sustainable agriculture, and accessing international climate finance. Nevertheless, the actions taken by the government and individuals have been inconsistent and scattered, leading to unsuccessful efforts to achieve sustainable development. Moving forward, addressing these persistent challenges requires coordinated efforts, political stability, innovative solutions, and public involvement. Strengthening institutional arrangements, enhancing education and awareness, and fostering collaboration at all levels are essential steps toward achieving sustainable development and environmental protection in Ethiopia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 47-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}