Watershed Ecology and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Quantitative evaluation of environmental and human health impacts in an Indonesian conservation region: A life cycle assessment (LCA) approach","authors":"Novy Ariyanto ,&nbsp;Anisah Anisah ,&nbsp;Virny Zasyana Eka Putri ,&nbsp;Yoyon Wahyono ,&nbsp;Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin ,&nbsp;Isnaeni Kumalasari ,&nbsp;Mutia Citrawati Lestari ,&nbsp;Muhammad Raihan Farras Hakim ,&nbsp;Anissa Dewi Suryaningtyas ,&nbsp;Sundari Sundari ,&nbsp;Nugroho Adi Sasongko ,&nbsp;Martin Anda ,&nbsp;Anggara Lomak Prihatin ,&nbsp;Lambas Parlaungan Panggabean","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Karimunjawa National Park (KNP) is an emerging tourism destination in Indonesia, where increasing tourism has led to excessive groundwater use and land subsidence. These issues pose environmental and health risks from emissions and seawater intrusion. This study examines the potential effects of these factors on the environment and human health within KNP. The research utilizes OpenLCA software 2.0.1 and the Ecoinvent 3.8 database, applying the CML-IA Baseline method for environmental impact assessment and the EPS 2015d method for human health impacts. The results show that the largest environmental impact is eutrophication, with the highest values recorded at spot 11 (6.94E-06 kg PO₄– eq). At spot 5, where copper (Cu) contamination reached the highest levels, the Authors observed the most significant ecotoxicity impacts, affecting freshwater (3.67E-06 kg 1,4-DB eq) ecosystems. Human health impacts, including intellectual disability (2.62E-10 Person-Years), and renal dysfunction (1.028E-13 case), were most significant at spot 5, linked to lead (Pb) contamination. The study suggests that reducing human activity in areas contributing to eutrophication and ecotoxicity, such as controlling nitrate and copper pollution, could mitigate environmental damage. Moreover, addressing human toxicity and health risks from lead requires improving waste management, ecosystem rehabilitation, pesticide reduction, and strengthening environmental monitoring. Public awareness of these risks is essential for effective mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 133-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil microbial composition and vertical distribution patterns along the Liangshui River in Beijing, China","authors":"Yimeng Li,&nbsp;Ting Li,&nbsp;Guijun Liu,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Xin Tong,&nbsp;Manrong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the composition and vertical distribution of soil microbial communities in the vicinity of Liangshui River in Beijing. Soil samples (n = 18) were collected from depths of 0.1 m − 55 m, spanning three geological layers including artificial accumulation layer, recent sedimentary layer, and Quaternary sedimentary layer. These samples were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing to characterize bacterial and archaeal community composition. Results revealed that soil bacterial diversity and richness progressively decreased with increasing soil depth. Beta diversity analysis revealed that soil bacterial communities exhibited significant differences in composition across all three geological layers, whereas significant differences in soil archaeal communities were observed only between the artificial accumulation layer and the other two layers. At the taxonomic level, the dominant bacterial phyla in the soil were primarily Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, with <em>Bacillus</em> being the predominant genus, while Crenarchaeota and Thermoplasmatota dominated the archaeal communities. PICRUSt2 functional prediction revealed that the soil bacterial communities were predominantly associated with carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism, among other functional pathways. Correlation network shows that <em>Povalibacter</em>, <em>Pedomicrobium</em>, and <em>Bauldia</em> may be keystone taxa in Beijing’s urban soils. This study not only elucidates the vertical distribution patterns of soil microbial communities along the Liangshui River, but also provides critical references for soil utilization and amendment strategies in Beijing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 122-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant species diversity and composition in Kanyabaha wetland in Rukiga District, Uganda","authors":"Paul Walakira ,&nbsp;Cecilia Gichuki ,&nbsp;John Muriuki ,&nbsp;Ezekiel Ndunda ,&nbsp;Peter B. Olanya ,&nbsp;Pantaleon M.B. Kasoma","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wetlands are ecologically and socioeconomically vital ecosystems, yet they remain highly vulnerable to human-induced disturbances. This study assessed plant species composition, diversity, and ecological dominance within Kanyabaha Wetland in Uganda to generate baseline ecological data that can inform sustainable management. Standard vegetation survey techniques and ecological indices, including Shannon-Wiener, Simpson’s Diversity, and Importance Value Index (IVI), were employed across sites with varying disturbance levels. A total of 31 plant species belonging to 19 families were recorded, with notable variation in species richness and composition across sites. Less disturbed areas (e.g., Rutenje and Burime) exhibited higher native species richness and stronger ecological integrity, while highly disturbed sites like Kandago were dominated by introduced species, particularly Eucalyptus spp. Interestingly, Kandago recorded the highest diversity indices, suggesting that while disturbance may increase species evenness, it compromises ecological balance. The dominance of few species in disturbed areas indicated a shift in vegetation structure, potentially disrupting ecosystem functionality. To address these issues, the study recommends targeted conservation measures, such as the removal or control of invasive species, promotion of native species regeneration, and community-led restoration initiatives. These findings are crucial for wetland managers, conservation agencies, and policy-makers, offering a scientific basis for prioritizing conservation areas and designing context-specific management interventions. The study contributes to the broader understanding of plant community responses to disturbance, supporting ongoing ecological monitoring and evidence-based restoration planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 36-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradation of ciprofloxacin by Exiguobacterium sp. from tropical river sediments: an integrated approach","authors":"Irina Salgado-Bernal ,&nbsp;Gabriela Cejas-Añón ,&nbsp;Alen Nils Baeza-Fonte ,&nbsp;Armando Martínez-Sardiña ,&nbsp;María E. Carballo-Valdés ,&nbsp;Periyasamy Sivalingam ,&nbsp;John Poté","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is a widely used broad-spectrum antibiotic. Its persistence and hydrophobic nature pose environmental risks to aquatic ecosystems. There is a lack of studies on the isolation and characterization of antibiotic-degrading microorganisms, especially in tropical ecosystems; although bacterial resistance to antibiotics in aquatic systems have been extensively studied. This study introduces a comprehensive methodological approach to evaluate the biodegradation potential of autochthonous bacteria, specifically <em>Exiguobacterium</em> sp. (T-316), isolated from the sediments of the Almendares River in Havana. The methodology integrates three key stages: (1) assessment of antibiotic resistance profiles, including the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for CIP, (2) evaluation of biodegradation capacity, and (3) measurement of residual antibiotic activity in post-treated water. <em>Exiguobacterium</em> sp. strain displayed a ciprofloxacin MIC of 7 µg mL⁻¹, indicating resistance. Biodegradation assays demonstrated this strain degraded 74.36 % of CIP in model water systems through co-metabolism (biodegradation of CIP using a co-substrate for metabolic support), with significant differences in the presence of a co-substrate. The final CIP concentration in effluents was significantly lower than the initial concentration. Notably, transformation products were detected after 72 h, regardless of glucose supplementation. The residual antibiotic activity in water treated under co-metabolic conditions showed a complete (100 %) reduction. This framework provides a robust and reproducible strategy for identifying and characterizing environmental bacterial strains with antibiotic degradation potential, especially relevant to underrepresented tropical ecosystems, despite their high microbial diversity. This study supports the development of sustainable processes for treating antibiotic-contaminated water, and is the first comprehensive report on CIP biodegradation in Cuba.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 46-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration for the model of three-dimensional layered confirmation of sea area rights based on the concept of intensive sea use","authors":"Yang Zheng ,&nbsp;Pei Liu ,&nbsp;Gang Wang ,&nbsp;Chengfen Xu ,&nbsp;Dan Kong ,&nbsp;Xiujuan Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing demand for the development and utilization of Marine space, the usage of sea area in three-dimensional style has become a powerful means to alleviate the contradiction of sea use and enhance the value of sea area resources. According to the structure characteristics of the sea space, the sea space is divided into four layers: above sea level space (D1), seawater space (D2), Quaternary sedimentary layer space (D3) and bedrock layer space (D4). Based on the summary of the types of available resources for each layer, the paper discusses the confirmable right to use the sea and the compatibility for different layers. From the Angle of intensive, efficient and green sea use, four typical three-dimensional development modes of sea area are put forward. In view of the contradiction between the existing management system and the usage of sea area in three-dimensional style, the optimization suggestions for usage of sea area in three-dimensional style are put forward from the aspects of compatibility assessment system, coordination and compatibility of layered right in sea area, and three-dimensional property right system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 55-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of solvent-free ball milling on sulfur dissolution in groundwater simulants","authors":"Ahmed Said ,&nbsp;Mariama Assoumani ,&nbsp;Mamie Ahmed Matoir ,&nbsp;Thabiti Soudjay Kamal ,&nbsp;Hamidou Hamada Soule ,&nbsp;Qiwu Zhang ,&nbsp;Mouayadi Said Ali Madi ,&nbsp;Abacar Chakira ,&nbsp;Zaïnati Ibrahim","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfur, the fifteenth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, was activated through solvent-free ball milling to investigate its dissolution behavior and environmental implications. This study evaluated the influence of grinding conditions on sulfur’s phase transformation and solubility in different solvents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a significant phase transition to the monoclinic β-sulfur phase (S-β) at a grinding speed of 500 rpm. Remarkably, sulfur solubility reached 807 ppm in water, compared to only 18.6 ppm in an acidic medium, underscoring the importance of solvent chemistry. Additionally, the activated sulfur exhibited self-photocatalytic activity, generating highly reactive oxidizing species crucial for the degradation of Methyl Orange (MO) dye, highlighting its potential for wastewater treatment. Advanced characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) provided insights into the dissolution mechanisms. This study demonstrates the transformative potential of mechanically activated sulfur in environmental remediation and lays the foundation for future research on sustainable water treatment solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological research progress on greenhouse gas emissions in lakes of the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Mengjiao Han ,&nbsp;Jiajie Xu ,&nbsp;Ao Liu ,&nbsp;Yue Du ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Zhao ,&nbsp;Ruizhi An ,&nbsp;Yindong Tong ,&nbsp;Yang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2026.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2026.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, under the influence of climate warming, lakes have rapidly expanded, becoming a hotspot environment for studying the biogeochemical cycles of elements such as carbon, nitrogen and sulfur. Microorganisms tightly couple the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur cycles, jointly regulating the source-sink patterns of greenhouse gases like CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O. However, how these processes interact and network in the complex natural environment, and how they jointly regulate the overall mechanism of greenhouse gas emissions, remain the forefront and key challenges of research. This review highlights the substantial spatiotemporal heterogeneity of lake greenhouse gas emissions, revealing profound influences from lake type, ice cover duration and seasonal pulse emissions on flux dynamics. At the molecular level, it elucidates the core driving role of microorganisms, including photosynthetic and chemotrophic autotrophic carbon fixation, heterotrophic decomposition of organic matter, methanogenesis/methanotrophy, and denitrification coupled with nitrogen-sulfur cycling, emphasizing the indicative significance of key functional genes. The review dissected how the availability of biogenic elements (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur) and their coupling relationships shape carbon cycling pathways by regulating microbial communities and activity. It assessed how climate change reconfigures lake carbon source-sink functions by altering physicochemical conditions and material inputs. Findings indicate that carbon cycling in Tibetan Plateau lakes constitutes a dynamically balanced process mediated by microorganisms and regulated by multi-element coupling. Thermophilic lakes serve as critical hotspots for activating ancient permafrost carbon and releasing substantial CH₄. Climate change may enhance primary production by extending growing seasons, yet simultaneously intensifies organic matter decomposition and greenhouse gas production through warming, increased external carbon inputs, and salinity changes. This dual effect risks transforming the system into a net carbon source, creating a positive feedback loop that exacerbates warming. We must develop integrated biogeochemical models that incorporate microbial mechanisms and multi-factor coupling. Based on these models, differentiated management strategies should be implemented to suppress emission hotspots, thereby providing critical scientific support and management solutions for regional green development and global carbon neutrality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 174-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147649935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing land-use and land cover change in peri-urban wetland in Tembisa, South Africa","authors":"Janet Maluleke,&nbsp;Ndidzulafhi Innocent Sinthumule","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wetlands provide diverse ecosystem services but are increasingly degraded due to anthropogenic activities. Poor management has made wetlands to undergone significant change because of various anthropogenic activities. This study aimed at investigating the impacts of land use land cover changes (LULCC) over 32 years (1990–2022) in the condition and status of a peri-urban wetland in Tembisa, Gauteng province in South Africa. To achieve the aim of the study, various Landsat TM 4–5, SPOT 5 and 6, and Sentinel 2A were processed in ArcGIS Pro to assess, map and monitor the extent of LULCC in Kaalspruit wetland. A multi-source satellite image analysis was performed using a Maximum Likelihood classification algorithm in supervised classification to provide a quantitative assessment and a detailed overview of the rate of change. The result showed that built-up areas and bare land increased by 255.37 ha and 22.32 ha, respectively, while cultivated land, vegetation, and water bodies decreased by 111.33 ha, 144.42 ha, and 20.78 ha, respectively. Such changes show significant human interventions such as expansion of infrastructural development, pollution and cultivation because of increased population pressure. Interventions should be made for the rehabilitation and sustainable management of wetlands in the peri-urban areas of Tembisa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 75-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-diurnal (daytime) and vertical profile variations of the physicochemical characteristics of Lake Rukwa: Implications for ecological state","authors":"Azaria Stephano Lameck ,&nbsp;Brian Rotich ,&nbsp;Phenson Nsima Justine ,&nbsp;Melkizedeck Tsere","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the daytime and vertical variations in the physicochemical properties of Lake Rukwa and their implications for the lake’s ecological status. In this study, field measurements included pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), oxygen saturation (O2 (%)), electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity. Additionally, TP and <em>Chlorophyll-a</em> (Chl-a) concentrations were analyzed. The trophic status of the lake was evaluated using the Carlson Trophic State Index (CTSI). The study revealed that the lake had low water clarity (0.42 ft), indicating high suspended particle loads that limit light penetration, reduce photosynthesis, and lower DO concentrations. Chl-a significantly declined sharply with depth (P &lt; 0.05), reflecting higher surface photosynthetic activity. Both pH and DO exhibit notable variations with depth and time of day (P &lt; 0.05), while O2 (%) also showed a strong vertical variation. CTSI values ranged from 82.49 to 89.9, classifying the lake as hypereutrophic and highlighting severe ecological stress. These conditions are likely driven by nutrient enrichment from agricultural runoff and land-use change within the lake basin. To mitigate further degradation, management interventions, continuous monitoring, and stricter regulation of anthropogenic inputs are urgently required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 110-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bibliometric and systematic assessment of land use/cover change research on freshwater catchments: Trends from the past decade (2014–2024)","authors":"Célestin Havyarimana ,&nbsp;Suranto Suranto ,&nbsp;Tatien Masharabu ,&nbsp;Agung Hidayat","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freshwater catchments are integral to the Earth’s hydrological and ecological networks, supporting biodiversity and delivering critical ecosystem goods and services. However, these systems face escalating anthropogenic pressures, particularly from land use and cover changes, which threaten their structural integrity and functional capacity. Despite increasing scientific interest, a global body of research that captures long-term trends specific to freshwater systems remains limited. To address this, a bibliometric-systematic literature review was conducted with 688 peer-reviewed articles from Scopus and Web of Science, published between 2014 and 2024. The study revealed an average annual growth rate of 9.72 % in publications, with China contributing 42.3 % and the United States contributing 10.8 % to the total research output. Three dominant research themes were identified: land use–water quality interactions, climate change–hydrological responses, and urbanization–ecosystem service trade-offs. A methodological evolution was also noted, shifting from descriptive studies towards advanced predictive modeling. International collaborations accounted for 16.13 %, yet significant geographical disparities persist, with the Global South remaining underrepresented. This study highlights the need to expand research in underrepresented regions, promote standardized assessment protocols for better comparability, and advance interdisciplinary approaches that integrate ecological and social dimensions. Incorporating emerging techniques, such as machine learning, is also recommended to enhance methodological innovation. These findings offer a strong evidence base to support future research and policies for sustainable freshwater catchment management amidst the growing environmental challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 63-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}