Examining the role of Indonesian major fishing ports on contributing to ocean macroplastic pollution

Plastic pollution in marine environments remains a critical global challenge, with Indonesia playing a significant role due to its extensive fisheries sector. Fishing ports contribute substantially to this issue through waste generated from vessel operations, fish processing, port activities, and riverine pollution. This study examines macro plastic waste production and its sources at four major Indonesian fishing ports—PPS Nizam Zachman (Jakarta), PPN Cilacap, PPN Kejawanan (Cirebon), and PPN Sibolga (North Sumatra)—by integrating field surveys and stakeholder discussions. The results indicate that plastic waste generation varies significantly across ports, with PPS Nizam Zachman producing the highest amount at an average of 700 kg per month, followed by PPN Cilacap (170 kg) and PPN Kejawanan (72 kg). Additionally, riverine plastic pollution plays a critical role in plastic accumulation, particularly at ports near urban river systems. Despite existing regulatory frameworks, including MMAF Decree No. 130 of 2023, challenges persist in waste management due to financial constraints, weak enforcement, and inadequate infrastructure. Based on the research findings, the most effective strategies for mitigating plastic pollution at fishing ports include expanding and institutionalizing waste retrieval programs by linking vessel permits (Surat Layak Operasi/SLO) to waste management compliance, improving waste management infrastructure through public–private partnerships, and strengthening multi-stakeholder collaboration among port authorities, regulatory bodies, and local governments. Additionally, integrating riverine waste management into coastal strategies—such as installing floating trash barriers and enhancing upstream waste collection—is crucial to reducing plastic influx into fishing ports. Community engagement and education initiatives, including waste bank programs and awareness campaigns targeting fishers and port workers, are also essential for long-term sustainability. The findings emphasize the urgent need for an integrated waste management system that aligns regulatory enforcement, infrastructure development, and community participation to promote sustainability in Indonesia’s fisheries sector. Addressing these challenges through coordinated government and stakeholder action is paramount to reducing plastic waste leakage into the marine environment and ensuring long-term ecological and economic sustainability.