Watershed Ecology and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Influence of watershed on the accumulation of heavy metals in sediments of urban rivers under tropical conditions: Case of N’djili and Lukaya rivers in Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo","authors":"Joseph B. Tshibanda ,&nbsp;Augustin M. Malumba ,&nbsp;Pius T. Mpiana ,&nbsp;Crispin K. Mulaji ,&nbsp;Jean-Paul Otamonga ,&nbsp;John W. Poté","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2021.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2021.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The contamination of freshwater resource by heavy metals is still a major environmental and human health concern globally. The release of these contaminants into the aquatic environment can lead to the pollution of water resources and generate risks for aquatic living organisms and human health. The sediments can act as reservoir for heavy metals, thereby they are used to assess the pollution status of the rivers. In the present investigation, surface sediments collected from two urban rivers named, N’djili and Lukaya draining through the city of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo were characterized for grain size, organic matter (OM) and heavy metals. Additionally, Sediment Quality Guidelines for the protection of aquatic life (SQGs), enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) were performed to determine the river pollution status. The results highlight high concentrations of heavy metals in sediment samples mainly from N’djili River, reaching the values (mg kg⁻¹) of 180.3 (Cu), 451.5 (Zn), 185.8 (Pb) and 4.1 (Hg). These values exceed the SQGs. Based on EF and Igeo values, the sediments from the two rivers have severe enrichment and polluted with Cu, Zn and Pb, and moderate enrichment of Cr and As. In general, the positive correlation was observed between some heavy metals and OM suggesting that these contaminants could have originated from common sources with a similar transport pathway. Based on the SQGs, EF and Igeo, N’djili River is considered as highly polluted with heavy metals indicating environmental and human health potential risks. The results of this study clearly indicate that the pollution of urban rivers in developing countries can be explained by several anthropogenic activities such as urban runoff, uncontrolled landfills in riverbanks, untreated wastewater from densely populated areas, anarchic commercial and industrial settlements, and heavy road traffic. The approaches used in this study represent a useful tool to assess the river sediment quality of urban river which can be applied to similar environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 30-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wsee.2021.06.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91149963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The bounded inverse Weibull distribution: An extreme value alternative for application to environmental maxima?","authors":"Earl Bardsley ,&nbsp;Varvara Vetrova","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2021.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsee.2021.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There has long been interest in making inferences about future low-probability natural events that have magnitudes greater than any in the past record. Given a stationary time series, the unbounded Type 1 and Type 2 asymptotic extreme value distributions are often invoked as giving theoretical justification for extrapolating to large magnitudes and long return periods for hydrological variables such as rainfall and river discharge. However, there is a problem in that environmental extremes are bounded above by the bounded nature of their causal variables. Extrapolation using unbounded asymptotic models therefore cannot be justified from extreme value theory and at some point there will be over-prediction of future magnitudes. This creates the apparent contradiction, for example, of annual rainfall maxima being well approximated by Type 2 extreme value distributions despite the bounded nature of rainfall magnitudes. An alternative asymptotic extreme value approach is suggested for further investigation, with the model being the asymptotic distribution of minima (Weibull distribution) applied to block maxima reciprocals. Two examples are presented where data that are well matched by Type 1 or Type 2 extreme value distributions give reciprocals suggestive of lower bounds (upper bound γ to the original data). The asymptotic model here is a 3-parameter Weibull distribution for the reciprocals, with positive location parameter γ⁻¹. When this situation is demonstrated from data, parameter estimation can be carried out with respect to the distribution of reciprocals of 3-parameter Weibull random variables. This distribution is referenced here as the bounded inverse Weibull distribution. A maximum likelihood parameter estimation methodology is presented, together with a parametric bootstrap approach for obtaining one-sided upper confidence limits to γ. When data permits estimation of γ, the bounded inverse Weibull distribution is suggested as an improved alternative to Type 1 or Type 2 extreme value distributions because the upper bound reality is recognised. However, extensive application to many data sets is required to evaluate the practical utility of the bounded approach for extrapolating beyond the largest recorded event.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258947142100005X/pdfft?md5=f4ce045a901ffcf01c12f6ad7411dfec&pid=1-s2.0-S258947142100005X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91636944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent progress in coupled surface–ground water models and their potential in watershed hydro-biogeochemical studies: A review","authors":"Yao Wang ,&nbsp;Nengwang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2021.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsee.2021.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interactions between surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) have been a focus of watershed hydrology research for a long time. A holistic perspective on integrated SW–GW modeling approach is necessary to understand the hydrological and biogeochemical processes of these two interconnected systems within the watershed. This paper reviewed the progress and coupling strategy of one important SW model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT) and GW model (Modular Finite Difference Groundwater Flow, MODFLOW) since 1999. Three main stages of development of coupled SWAT–MODFLOW model are reflected by the high citation of publications by three pioneer studies, which are Sophocleous et al. (1999), Kim et al. (2008) and Bailey et al. (2016). Currently, the research scope of coupled SWAT–MODFLOW models is focused on hydrologic processes, solute transport and the effects of climate change and human activity on water resources. Major uncertainties of SWAT–MODFLOW from model structure, database and parameterization are discussed. In an era of big data, the coupled SWAT–MODFLOW model has great potential to improve understanding of hydro-biogeochemical processes and support sustainable water and ecological management in the watershed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 17-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wsee.2021.04.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90002751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction of spatial sulfur patterns between urban air and woody species of the Pearl River Delta, southern China","authors":"Nancai Pei ,&nbsp;Yingfang Zhu ,&nbsp;Xin Shi ,&nbsp;Bing Sun ,&nbsp;Juyang Liao ,&nbsp;Yan Liu ,&nbsp;Feifan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2020.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsee.2020.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sulfur (S) uptakes by woody plants might indicate the presence of urban air pollution in the form of sulfur dioxide (SO₂), which is one of the most important pollutants worldwide. The present study detected total carbon (C) and S contents in the leaf and stem (dry mass) of 53 common woody species in representative forest plots in five cities across the Pearl River Delta (PRD), a densely urbanized region in Southern China. Coupling analysis explored whether spatial patterns of S content in woody species were relatively consistent with atmospheric SO₂ concentration in the five PRD cities. Total S content varied in leaves and stems with averages of 2.0 g/kg and 0.8 g/kg, respectively, while air SO₂ concentration ranged from 9.0 to 108.0 g/m³. However, total C content was relatively constant among all the species across the diverse forest plots, with an average of 443.5 g/kg and a median of 448.0 g/kg in leaves and 437.0 g/kg in stems. This suggests that air SO₂ pollution did not influence tree growth, so afforestation may be an effective method of eliminating urban air pollution in the PRD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wsee.2020.04.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72278346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metal concentration in irrigation water, soil and dietary risk assessment of Amaranthus viridis grown in peri-urban areas in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo","authors":"Georgette N. Ngweme ,&nbsp;Emmanuel K. Atibu ,&nbsp;Dhafer Mohammed M. Al Salah ,&nbsp;Paola M. Muanamoki ,&nbsp;Guillaume M. Kiyombo ,&nbsp;Crispin K. Mulaji ,&nbsp;Jean-Paul Otamonga ,&nbsp;John W. Poté","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2020.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsee.2020.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The urban agriculture in developing countries plays a huge important socioeconomic role in confronting the challenge of eradicating hunger, improving food security and the social daily life of the population. However, the quality evaluation of water used for urban agriculture irrigation as well as the accumulation of pollutants such as heavy metals in fresh produces are still largely unstudied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration of metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Hg) in irrigation water from rivers, soil and <em>Amaranthus viridis</em> (<em>A. viridis</em>), in order to evaluate the potential human dietary risks. The research was conducted in eight sites characterized by intensive agriculture performed in watersheds in Kinshasa, capital of Democratic Republic of the Congo. The results showed high metal concentrations in <em>A. viridis</em> leaf varying considerably among sampling sites (<em>P</em> &lt; .05), reaching the values (in mg kg⁻¹ wet weight) of 2.97 (Cr), 1.73 (Co), 12.30 (Ni), 16.11 (Cu), 652.91 (Zn), 0.10 (As), 1.62 (Cd), 8.91 (Pb), and 0.1 (Hg). These values exceeded safe limits set by Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization for human consumption (WHO/FAO). The assessment of human health risks using the targeted risk quotient and estimated dietary intake showed potential health hazards to consumers due to the levels of Cd and Pb in leafy vegetables from several studied sites. The vegetable contamination can be explained by chemicals used to combat and prevent <em>A. viridis</em> diseases, and the vehicle and motorcycle emissions around. Thus, given the concentrations of metals in <em>A. viridis</em> leaf, human health implications are likely to occur on heavy continuous consumption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 16-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wsee.2020.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72278347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience and sustainable development goals based social-ecological indicators and assessment of coastal urban areas ——A case study of Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, China","authors":"Jingjing Liang ,&nbsp;Yangfan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2020.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsee.2020.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The coastal area, with its fragile environment and the characteristics of both marine and terrestrial, is getting increasing attention globally, highlighting a critical need to form a systematic management framework. The objectives of this article are to illustrate the status quo of Chinese regional ecological civilization and land-sea integrated development, then combine resilience theory and sustainable development goals (SDGs) of United Nations together for selecting social-ecological indicators to build a resilience assessment matrix applying to the coastal urban area, further explore the core mechanisms of coastal resilience evolution. Accordingly, we suggest a new method of evaluation matrix with 12 indicators, representing the function of the target system in four phases (prepare, absorb, recover and adapt) and three domains (economic, natural resources and eco-environment) respectively, which focusing on the dynamic progress instead of the static situation of the typical and unique urbanizing area is exactly one of its improvements in comparison with other existing assessment tools. The key findings reveal the dificient resilience of Dapeng New District in dealing with the rapid urbanization stressor, as well as its asymmetrical performance among three subsystems within the temporal scope of 2014–2016. Another contribution reflected in the regime shifts of land-sea integration, which uncovers the states of critical functions in the target system, correspondingly outlines how to integrate the land use, water management, and biodiversity conservation into resilience-based management and sustainability for the coastal zone, namely the Land-Water-Biodiversity Nexus. Our scope is taking the typical coastal zone, Shenzhen Dapeng New District, Greater Bay Area of China, as an example, and to promote the research technology in other coastal urban regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 6-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wsee.2020.06.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72278348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review on various trophic transfer routes of microplastics in the context of the Indian coastal ecosystem","authors":"Nagarajan Vikas Madhav,&nbsp;Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath,&nbsp;Aakriti Krishnan,&nbsp;Neha Rajendran,&nbsp;Abhishek Krishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2020.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsee.2020.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microplastics irrespective of their myriad sources eventually are discharged into the world's oceans, posing a serious threat to marine life. Evidence has shown the increasing threat posed by accumulation of microplastics along shore lines and sandy beaches to the species that inhabit these ecosystems. This study evaluates the species at potential risk due to microplastic pollution along the coastal regions of India, through a combination of existing literature and original observations. The harmful effects of microplastics on various classes of aquatic and coastal species through both direct ingestion and indirect consumption by the process of bio-accumulation, have been discussed in this study. The species at risk in other ecosystems such as freshwater lakes, brackish water sites, swamplands and marshlands have also been covered. The various species recorded at these ecosystems were evaluated on the basis of their potential risk of consumption of microplastics. Potential routes for bioaccumulation of microplastics through trophic transfer have been proposed, with special emphasis on the routes involving those species at risk, in order to fill the existing knowledge gaps. Further studies in the Indian scenario are therefore necessary, in order to truly gauge the impact of the bioaccumulation in specific species and on the coastal ecosystem as a whole.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 25-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wsee.2020.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72278345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing alteration of leaf litter breakdown rate influenced by dam operation in Nakatsugawa River and Arakawa River, Central Japan","authors":"Allan Sriratana Tabucanon ,&nbsp;Wenchao Xue ,&nbsp;Takeshi Fujino","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2018.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2018.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The process of leaf litter breakdown is essential as a main energy source for aquatic life in stream ecosystems. This process is complicated due to the interaction among the stream's physical, chemical, and biological characteristics as well as the composition of litter. This study investigated the variation of litter breakdown rates with different water qualities and microbial activities influenced by dam operation. Litter bags were installed along Nakatsugawa River, which is regulated by Takizawa Dam, and Arakawa River in Saitama Prefecture, central Japan, during autumn and winter. Three dominant leaf species were studied, namely <em>Quercus serrata</em>, <em>Carpinus cordata</em>, and <em>Acer mono</em>. The factors possibly affecting the litter breakdown process were: (1) a 4 °C higher water temperature downstream than upstream of the dam in the Nakatsugawa; (2) high bacterial productivity in the Nakatsugawa; (3) high silt deposition on the litters in the Arakawa; and (4) low contents of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and nutrients in the Arakawa. In the Nakatsugawa, neither a contribution of the dam to a higher breakdown rate nor recovery of the rate to upstream conditions far downstream was found. However, the breakdown rate was lower in the Arakawa than in the Nakatsugawa. Inorganic deposition on litter, DOC, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and NO₃⁻ were believed to play a main role in litter breakdown.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"1 ","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wsee.2018.12.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87845306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the influence of hydrology on the threshold phosphorus-loading rate in shallow lakes","authors":"William F. Kenney ,&nbsp;Matthew N. Waters","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2019.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2019.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Alternative Stable States Model describes the two contrasting conditions of shallow lakes that occur in response to external phosphorus (P) loading: 1) a clear-water, macrophyte-dominated state during times of lesser external P loading, and 2) a turbid, phytoplankton-dominated state during periods of greater P loading. Determination of the P loading rate that distinguishes the two stable states, i.e. the threshold phosphorus loading rate (TPL), is fundamental to shallow-lake science and management. We used data from nine shallow subtropical lakes in Florida (USA) to generate a parsimonious model that predicts the TPL from the hydraulic detention time (HDT). The model reveals that the TPL is more sensitive to changes in HDT in lakes with short (&lt;1 year), as opposed to long (&gt;10 years) HDTs. We compared our results with published data from 54 geographically distributed shallow aquatic systems and found that the Florida-based HDT-TPL model has general applicability. Given many lakes worldwide are shallow, our findings have the potential to improve understanding and management of numerous aquatic ecosystems around the globe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"1 ","pages":"Pages 10-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wsee.2019.03.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80744776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Watershed ecology and the environment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2019.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsee.2019.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"1 ","pages":"Pages 39-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wsee.2019.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137089026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}