Watershed Ecology and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of water, soil contamination and land cover changes in Sims and Vince Bayou urban watersheds of Houston, Texas","authors":"Felica R. Davis ,&nbsp;Maruthi Sridhar Balaji Bhaskar","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2022.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2022.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intense urbanization and increased industrialization in urban and suburban watersheds result in the decrease of vegetation and increase in impermeable surfaces contributing to the decline of soil and water quality. The goal of this study is to investigate the impact of urbanization and industrialization on urban watersheds. The specific objectives are to, 1) determine nutrient and heavy metal concentrations in soil and water samples along Sims Bayou (SB) and Vince Bayou (VB), 2) analyze land cover changes over the last 3 decades in each watershed and 3) evaluate socio-economic characteristics and human health risks within these watersheds. Triplicate soil and water samples were collected from downstream, midstream, and upstream locations during the fall and spring seasons along both bayous. The samples were analyzed to determine elemental concentrations using inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and total carbon and nitrogen (TCN) analyzer. Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS images were used to derive thematic land cover maps using ERDAS Imagine v16.5 software. The elemental concentrations were interpolated to spatial maps for distribution analysis using ESRI ArcGIS-10.8 software. The chemical analysis of water samples collected from SB and VB revealed that the N, P, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations were found at elevated levels that can pose threat for aquatic organisms. Among soil samples, the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn exceeded the levels of soil background concentrations of Texas. Land cover change patterns were similar for both watersheds with high vegetative surfaces decreasing and low vegetative surfaces increasing significantly over the past three decades. Both watersheds experienced an increase in total population with SB watershed increasing 27.9% and VB watershed increasing 9.1% from 1990 to 2020. Health risk assessments revealed risks for Cd, Cr, and Ni in soil via ingestion for children under age 6 in both bayous. This research is critical in improving our understanding on the impact of natural and human activities on Houston watersheds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 73-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589471422000055/pdfft?md5=c997a050161a0823ab57f6038b252b5c&pid=1-s2.0-S2589471422000055-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77698945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Welfare impacts of water security in Kenya: Evidence from the Upper Ewaso Ngiro North Catchment Area","authors":"Simon Ng'ang'a Mwaura ,&nbsp;Isaac Maina Kariuki ,&nbsp;Symon Kiprop ,&nbsp;Augustus Sammy Muluvi ,&nbsp;Boniface Kiteme","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2022.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2022.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water insecurity is a major concern both in the global and local contexts. The study estimated the sub-catchment water poverty index and the household water security index, on cross-sectional farm household data collected from 652 households randomly selected from eight sub-catchments of the Upper Ewaso Ng’iro North Catchment Area (ENNCA). The impact of water security on household income per adult equivalent and prevalence of waterborne diseases was assessed using ordinary least squares regression and Poisson regression models respectively. Water Poverty Index (WPI) results revealed that Sirimon and Ewaso Narok sub-catchments are faced with acute water stress, while the rest of the sub-catchments are faced with moderate water stress despite being in the sub-catchment area. The results showed that improved water security can offer welfare benefits to households through increments in household income and reduced water-borne disease prevalence. From the findings, therefore, improved water security can offer both economic and health solutions to some of the country's problems including poverty alleviation and reduce the government's budget spending on communicable and non-communicable water-related diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 32-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589471422000018/pdfft?md5=9681c3aff6d0d826fc1b9abddb1e37e7&pid=1-s2.0-S2589471422000018-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84304562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources of terrestrial nitrogen and phosphorus mobilization in South and South East Asian coastal ecosystems","authors":"Anup Maharjan ,&nbsp;Peter M. Groffman ,&nbsp;Charles J. Vörösmarty ,&nbsp;Maria Tzortziou ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Tang ,&nbsp;Pamela A. Green","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2021.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2021.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>South and Southeast Asia (SSEA) is a socially, economically and ecologically diverse region, with a rapidly growing population and accelerating industrial development, agricultural intensification using manufactured fertilizers, terrestrial landscape change, expansion of water engineering, sewage production and land conversions. Nitrogen and phosphorus are major nutrients that play an essential role in the eutrophication of inland and coastal water bodies. Eutrophic areas, when combined with appropriate coastal ocean physical conditions, can develop into hypoxic zones that result in long-term ecosystem disruption. This study addressed changes in terrestrial nitrogen and phosphorus mobilization associated with land-use transitions, fertilizer use and sewage from 2002 to 2016 in the SSEA region, with a focus on the Mekong and Krishna-Godavari watersheds. Terrestrial mobilization results from the internal production or addition of reactive, soluble and/or plant available forms of nitrogen and phosphorus. To estimate terrestrial mobilization associated with land conversion, published data were mined for estimates of land cover change effects on soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus pools. Data on exogenous fertilizer and sewage effluents were also compiled from the literature. From the analysis, it showed that fertilizer input was the largest source of nitrogen and phosphorus in both case study watersheds. Sewage and land conversion were not a significant source of terrestrial phosphorus mobilization in either watershed. All land conversions resulted in declines in soil carbon, ranging from 11% to 38%. Nitrogen increased, on average by 15%, in conversions of agricultural to urban land, but decreased in all other conversions. Phosphorus increased by 89% in wetland to agriculture conversions, but decreased between 2% and 24% for other land conversions. Expansion of agriculture at the expense of forest was the dominant land conversion in the Mekong watershed. Urbanization, at the expense of agriculture and forest, was the dominant land conversion in the Krishna/Godavari watershed. These results suggest that management of nutrient pollution (N and P) in SSEA will need to focus on reducing the use and/or improving the efficiency of fertilizer use along with regular consolidated monitoring in both watersheds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 12-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589471421000115/pdfft?md5=b05f6ea82cbe9ad5c6b8b111aebef3fc&pid=1-s2.0-S2589471421000115-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89846871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of historical landscape changes in Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya, using remote sensing multi-spectral indices","authors":"Dancan O. Onyango ,&nbsp;Stephen B. Opiyo","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2021.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2021.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Kenyan Lake Victoria basin has been experiencing land degradation and overexploitation as seen in various landscape changes. Quantifying and understanding the nature of these changes is essential for management decision-making. This study sought to apply the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) - Enhanced Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI-ENDBI) indices to assess the changes in vegetation, water bodies, and build-up area, respectively, in the basin between 1978 and 2018. Landsat imageries for 1978, 1988, 1998, 2008, and 2018 with thematic-oriented bands were acquired, pre-processed, and subjected to spectral-based classification techniques in ArcGIS software to compute and generate NDVI, NDWI, and NDBI-ENDBI maps. According to the results, NDVI indicated an intense decreasing trend in the density of vegetated landscapes while NDVI, NDWI, and NDBI all depicted fluctuations in moisture content (in Lake Victoria and its wetlands). The NDBI-ENDBI showed an intense increasing trend in the built-up area expansion. Based on these changes, the study concluded that urban development has been rapidly progressing within the Lake Victoria basin over the years. Intensive and strategic planning that strikes a balance between economic development and environmental conservation is recommended to realize the sustainability of this important watershed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589471421000103/pdfft?md5=bf72c8f9d64fe49a07c938287ea37374&pid=1-s2.0-S2589471421000103-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89612647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alum, Chitin and Sago as coagulants for the optimization of process parameters focussing on coagulant dose and mixing speed","authors":"Manoj Kumar Karnena,&nbsp;Bhavya Kavitha Dwarapureddi,&nbsp;Vara Saritha","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2022.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2022.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water demand for consumption has been increasing continuously due to the expanding population worldwide. The current accessible water is continually contaminated by global climate change and anthropogenic activities. Economically viable and safe treatment technologies are required for the contemporary world to meet the water demand. The coagulation process is an economically feasible method and gaining much prominence in developing countries for water treatment. During the operation, Sludge and secondary by-products are formed due to the overdosage of the coagulant and improper mixing speeds. Optimizing process parameters is essential to reduce the costs associated with further treatment. Thus, the current study aimed to optimize the process parameters by using Alum, Chitin and Sago coagulants with three pH variations, i.e., 6, 7, and 8, with a mixing speed of 100–30 and 80–20 rpm. The results revealed that Sago performed better than other coagulants and removed the turbidity up to 99.42 %. In addition, Sludge was reduced to 90 % with a dosage of 0.4 g/L, a minor dosage compared to the literature with an optimal pH of 7. Further, the coagulants were characterized to identify the functionalized groups by FTIR, the nature of the coagulant by XRD and Surface morphology by SEM. From the current study, it can be concluded that a coagulant dose ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 g/L with a mixing speed of 100 rpm for 2 min and 30 rpm for 30 min might be the best solution for obtaining greater coagulation efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 112-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589471422000080/pdfft?md5=5a16fce4da04226166ed8f8c627c5291&pid=1-s2.0-S2589471422000080-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74160370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wetland change prediction of Ogun-River Basin, Nigeria: Application of cellular automata Markov and remote sensing techniques","authors":"Anthony Tobore ,&nbsp;Samuel Bamidele","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2022.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2022.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wetland changes are very serious ecosystem problems, which stem from unrestrained human and environmental actions. Despite significant attention in environmental management research, the means to tackle wetland changes are still gaining momentum in science and research within developing countries. With the increasing availability of remote sensing data and flexible solutions, finding the right solution to wetland changes becomes a key research and policy agenda. Herein, we assessed the wetland change prediction of Ogun River (OR) basin, Nigeria, during 1999, 2009, and 2019 by analyzing land cover change (LCC) images using cellular automata-Markov (CA-Markov) chain and remote sensing (RS) techniques. The acquired shuttle radar topographic mapper and Landsat remotely sensed data were applied to create thematic-maps of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference salinity index (NDSI), and digital elevation model (DEM) of the study area. The CA-Markov required the supervised classification of the land cover maps of 1999, 2009, and 2019. The results of the elevation, NDVI, and NDSI revealed the qualitative differences in the study area. The LCC analysis indicated that farmlands and built-up areas increased by 54.56 and 33.21 %, respectively. However, waterbodies, wetlands, and vegetation decreased by 0.42, 3.53, and 8.28 % respectively. These findings agree with the CA-Markov with an accuracy exceeding 70 %, and, thus predict the wetland changes for the year 2030. The major attributions to wetland cover variations in the study area are built-up encroachment with extensive, spontaneous, and uncontrolled agricultural activities. This study, through its findings, provides relevant guidelines and information on wetland changes required by stakeholders for environmental policy, planning, and sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 158-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589471422000122/pdfft?md5=e73783ba847177cf4fec7509a17b47d6&pid=1-s2.0-S2589471422000122-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79675918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable water resource management using surface-groundwater modelling: Motueka-Riwaka Plains, New Zealand","authors":"C. Rajanayaka, J. Weir, T. Kerr, Joseph Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2021.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsee.2021.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82376904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The bounded inverse Weibull distribution: An extreme value alternative for application to environmental maxima?","authors":"E. Bardsley, V. Vetrova","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2021.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsee.2021.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"241 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77586297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable water resource management using surface-groundwater modelling: Motueka-Riwaka Plains, New Zealand","authors":"Channa Rajanayaka ,&nbsp;Julian Weir ,&nbsp;Tim Kerr ,&nbsp;Joseph Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2021.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsee.2021.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>New Zealand’s freshwater resources in coastal regions are under increasing pressure from demands for drinking, irrigation and industrial uses, and climate change effects, particularly sea level rise. The management of water resources needs to balance values associated with (but not limited to) economy, society, ecology, culture, recreation and water quality. To assist the management of water resources in the Motueka-Riwaka Plains, New Zealand, a numerical integrated surface-groundwater model was developed. Calibration of the transient integrated surface-groundwater model was achieved with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.6% for groundwater levels. Model verification against groundwater levels not used in the calibration also resulted in an RMSE of 2.6% for groundwater levels. Model outputs, coupled with groundwater trend analyses, were used to identify the impact of groundwater abstractions on rivers, streams and groundwater-fed springs. Trend analyses showed that groundwater levels are lowering in the central area of the plains. Model scenarios predict that additional groundwater abstraction of over 30,000 m³/day from a well field located near the central area of the plains (adjacent to the Motueka River) is unlikely to increase the risk of saltwater intrusion and will result in surface water flow depletion within acceptable limits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 38-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wsee.2021.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91636891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a pH-paralleling approach of quantifying six-category pharmaceuticals in surface water using SPE-HPLC-MS/MS","authors":"Bing Hong ,&nbsp;Shen Yu ,&nbsp;Min Zhou ,&nbsp;Juan Li ,&nbsp;Jing Ding ,&nbsp;Yong Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2021.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsee.2021.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An analytical protocol was developed to quantify six-category pharmaceuticals in surface water under paralleling pHs using a combination of solid phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Of 121 compound standards commercially, 94 compounds were reliably quantified using a paralleling pH combination at 3 and 9 with a sound recovery-rate of 50-150%. The quantified compounds covered 6 categories as 37 antibiotics, 16 central nervous system drugs (CNs), 14 cardiovascular drugs (CVs), 12 endocrine and family planning drugs (EFs), 8 antiparasitic drugs (APs), and 7 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The protocol achieved limits of detection and quantitation in ranges of 0.001–11.9 ng L^–1 and 0.003–39.7 ng L^–1, respectively. Serial field surface water samples from Jiulong River in Fujian, China were testified using the protocol with 41 quantified compounds of the above-mentioned 6 categories from &lt; LODs to 1,389 ng L⁻¹ (caffeine). The key procedure prior to the SPE is to split filtrate of each surface water sample into two portions, adjusted to pH 3 and 9 separately and both spiked with 0.2 g Na₂EDTA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wsee.2021.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91636933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}