Watershed Ecology and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the drivers of land use change: Drought, conflict, and governance in the Syrian Upper Orontes watershed (1991–2024)","authors":"Ammar Auda,&nbsp;Ahmed Haj Asaad,&nbsp;Zsolt Miklós Szilvácsku","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2026.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2026.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzes land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics within the Al-Qusayr watershed, located in the Syrian component of the Upper Orontes Basin. Five Landsat datasets for 1991, 2000, 2009, 2017, and 2024 were analyzed to capture key pre-conflict, conflict, and recovery phases, thereby distinguishing irrigated from rainfed agriculture in this vulnerable semi-arid karst watershed. We applied supervised Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification and a multi-step post-classification correction to refine the results. The accuracy assessment for each period yielded overall accuracies between 91.4% and 94.2%. Five main LULC classes were identified: Agricultural Land (including Farmland and Rainfed/Winter Season), Water (including Water bodies and Wetland), Urban, Unused Land/Natural Vegetation, and Dry Stream. Over the study period, significant shifts occurred. Total agricultural land expanded by 24.6% and urban areas expanded by 74.6%. This growth corresponded with a 53.4% reduction in unused land. A significant conversion from irrigated to rainfed agriculture was observed during the conflict followed by a reversal of this trend after 2017. To provide quantitative context for driver attribution, we integrated CHIRPS precipitation to derive a standardized precipitation anomaly (z-score; 1991–2024) and VIIRS nighttime-light radiance (2014–2024) as an indirect proxy for disruption and recovery conditions, and related these indicators to irrigated and rainfed agricultural changes. Irrigated farmland contraction during the conflict period coincided with negative precipitation z-scores (drought) and reduced nighttime lights, whereas the recovery of irrigated agriculture after 2017 was accompanied by rising nighttime lights despite continued dry conditions, suggesting that improved stability may have contributed to agricultural reactivation. Overall, the Al-Qusayr watershed experienced substantial LULC fluctuations associated with the combined pressures of drought, policy shifts, and conflict. However, the landscape demonstrated notable adaptive capacity, particularly through agricultural resilience. These findings provide a useful baseline for decision-makers targeting sustainable land rehabilitation and resource management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 273-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148634410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decarbonization or dehydration? Corporate greenhouse gas reduction and industrial water stress in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Abualhassan Jumaa Hamid Hamad,&nbsp;Chokri Zehri","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2026.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2026.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A central tension in the recent water-energy nexus literature is whether corporate decarbonization in arid economies generates co-benefits for industrial water security or, conversely, intensifies water stress through the higher water intensity of low-carbon technologies—cooling-dependent renewables, post-combustion carbon capture, and electrolytic hydrogen. Saudi Arabia, where industrial firms operate under simultaneous Vision 2030 emission-reduction targets and rapidly depleting non-renewable aquifers, provides the sharpest test of this trade-off. Using an unbalanced panel of 47 Tadawul-listed firms in five resource-intensive sectors (2012 through 2024; 611 firm-year observations), this study examines whether firm-level greenhouse gas intensity reductions co-move with reductions in industrial water withdrawal intensity, conditional on sector and macro-climatic controls, using a 2-instrument two-stage least squares strategy. The analysis finds that a 1-standard-deviation reduction in firm greenhouse gas intensity is associated with a 0.21 standard-deviation reduction in industrial water withdrawal intensity, but the relationship is non-linear: the co-benefit decays and reverses for firms that meet decarbonization through water-intensive pathways (cooling-tower expansion, electrolytic hydrogen pilots), confirming the trade-off conjecture for a non-trivial sub-population. The co-benefit emerges only after 2016 and is amplified by absorptive capacity. Findings imply that single-pollutant environmental incentives can produce hidden water externalities and support a coupled greenhouse gas and water performance standard for Saudi industrial regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 261-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148565942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bibliometric and systematic assessment of land use/cover change research on freshwater catchments: Trends from the past decade (2014–2024)","authors":"Célestin Havyarimana ,&nbsp;Suranto Suranto ,&nbsp;Tatien Masharabu ,&nbsp;Agung Hidayat","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freshwater catchments are integral to the Earth’s hydrological and ecological networks, supporting biodiversity and delivering critical ecosystem goods and services. However, these systems face escalating anthropogenic pressures, particularly from land use and cover changes, which threaten their structural integrity and functional capacity. Despite increasing scientific interest, a global body of research that captures long-term trends specific to freshwater systems remains limited. To address this, a bibliometric-systematic literature review was conducted with 688 peer-reviewed articles from Scopus and Web of Science, published between 2014 and 2024. The study revealed an average annual growth rate of 9.72 % in publications, with China contributing 42.3 % and the United States contributing 10.8 % to the total research output. Three dominant research themes were identified: land use–water quality interactions, climate change–hydrological responses, and urbanization–ecosystem service trade-offs. A methodological evolution was also noted, shifting from descriptive studies towards advanced predictive modeling. International collaborations accounted for 16.13 %, yet significant geographical disparities persist, with the Global South remaining underrepresented. This study highlights the need to expand research in underrepresented regions, promote standardized assessment protocols for better comparability, and advance interdisciplinary approaches that integrate ecological and social dimensions. Incorporating emerging techniques, such as machine learning, is also recommended to enhance methodological innovation. These findings offer a strong evidence base to support future research and policies for sustainable freshwater catchment management amidst the growing environmental challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 63-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal evolution of habitat quality and its response to ecological restoration in coastal saline-alkali wetlands","authors":"Zhiyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Shuyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yunfei Ma ,&nbsp;Dandan Rong ,&nbsp;Lidong Wang ,&nbsp;Andong Wang ,&nbsp;Tian Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2026.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2026.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal deltas are critical global biodiversity hotspots but face intensifying conflicts between anthropogenic development and ecosystem fragility, particularly in saline-alkali environments. However, quantifying the specific effectiveness of ecological restoration within these sensitive zones remains a challenge, as most assessments overlook soil-specific responses to land use transitions. Using the Yellow River Delta as a representative case, this study integrated the InVEST model with spatial intersection analysis to evaluate habitat quality evolution from 2000 to 2020. Results reveal a spatial polarization: while urbanization degraded inland habitats, the policy-driven conversion of cropland to wetland significantly enhanced coastal zones. Crucially, the intersection analysis demonstrated that habitat quality in protected saline-alkali wetlands improved substantially, significantly outperforming natural succession in unprotected areas. These findings validate the efficacy of active restoration measures (e.g., Suaeda salsa rehabilitation) in reversing degradation in saline contexts and provide a transferable framework for spatial zoning management in complex coastal ecosystems globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 239-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148231035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Watershed hydrology and ecological resilience in the gravity-fed terraces of the Alhambra","authors":"Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2026.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2026.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The terraced landscape of the Alhambra retains a highly refined gravity-fed irrigation system that provides a unique setting for examining how watershed-scale hydrological processes interact with ecological functions in historic environments. This study investigates the hydrological dynamics, vegetative responses, and microclimatic effects associated with the Alhambra's multi-level terraces to assess their contribution to ecological resilience under contemporary climatic pressures. Based on continuous field observations from 2018 to 2023, reconstructed hydrological pathways, and microclimate profiling, the analysis identified how terrace gradients drove cascade gravity flow distribution, enhanced soil–moisture persistence, and stabilised vegetation performance under seasonal drought and extreme rainfall. Hydrological model calibration and validation (2018–2023) further confirmed the reliability of simulated runoff and infiltration processes, with model performance meeting accepted hydrological standards. Results showed that vegetated terraces yielded a mean steady-state infiltration rate of 27.4 ± 6.1 mm h⁻¹, 5.6 times higher than compacted pathways (4.9 ± 2.0 mm h⁻¹), and reduced peak runoff by 28–36% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The synergistic mechanism of cascade gravity water conduction, multi-layer vegetative structuring, and micro-topographic shading formed a bidirectional eco-hydrological feedback loop that generated local cooling and buffered thermal extremes, substantially elevating the adaptive capacity of the terrace ecosystem. These findings demonstrate that historic terraced irrigation systems can operate as low-energy, regenerative watershed infrastructures, linking hydrological restoration with microclimate regulation and ecological stability. The study highlights the continued relevance of traditional Mediterranean water-management practices for contemporary climate adaptation frameworks and underscores the value of cultural landscapes as living laboratories for exploring heritage-integrated watershed ecological resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 289-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148735898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rejuvenation of Kalyani River, Uttar Pradesh (India): A Study using Geospatial Modeling","authors":"Akash Pal ,&nbsp;Neeraj Kumar ,&nbsp;Shakti Suryavanshi ,&nbsp;Krishan Tyagi ,&nbsp;Jagadeesh Menon ,&nbsp;Deepak Lal ,&nbsp;Arnab Kundu ,&nbsp;Neeraj Kumar Sharma ,&nbsp;Easterlily Shylla ,&nbsp;Mukesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rivers play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and providing essential resources; however, many are facing significant degradation, particularly in India, where urbanization and population growth exacerbate water scarcity. This study focuses on the Kalyani River, located in Barabanki district, Uttar Pradesh (India), which spans approximately 69.65 km and is vital for local communities. We employed an integrated approach combining geospatial technology, the HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Centers-River Analysis System) model, and field verification to assess river conditions and identify restoration needs. Our analysis revealed critical challenges affecting the Kalyani River, including siltation and blockages that hinder flow and contribute to flooding. The results indicate a recommended excavation length of approximately 22.37 km in the Nindora block, along with a total cleaning length of around 47.28 km for both Nindora and Fatehpur blocks. These findings underscore the necessity for immediate eco-restoration efforts to rejuvenate the river ecosystem and mitigate the impacts of human-induced changes. Furthermore, we mapped critical zones requiring intervention, emphasizing the need for community engagement in conservation initiatives. This study highlights the importance of not only addressing the physical restoration of the river but also fostering long-term ecological health through sustainable management practices. By comparing our findings with established river restoration projects, we contextualize the significance of our approach to enhance the resilience of the Kalyani River. Ultimately, this research offers valuable insights and actionable recommendations that can aid local authorities and stakeholders in implementing effective river management strategies, contributing to improved water security and ecological sustainability in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing sediment-induced storage capacity loss in the Hisorak Reservoir, Uzbekistan","authors":"Khojiakbar Khasanov,&nbsp;Masharif Bakiev","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the long-term sedimentation dynamics and their impact on the storage capacity of the Hisorak Reservoir over 42 years (1980–2022). Sedimentation rates, capacity loss, and spatial volume changes were analyzed by comparing the original design data with bathymetric surveys conducted in 2003 and 2022. Four interpolation techniques—Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Radial Basis Function (RBF), Ordinary Kriging (OK), and Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK)—were applied to process bathymetric data and evaluated using RMSE, MAE, R², and SDpred. Among them, OK provided the highest accuracy (RMSE = 1.13, MAE = 0.008, R² = 0.996). The resulting spatial model enabled precise capacity calculations, showing a reduction of 39.4 Mm³ (23.2 %) in reservoir storage due to sedimentation. Between 2003 and 2022, sediment accumulated at an average rate of 0.88 Mm³ yr⁻¹, more than three times the design estimate of 0.272 Mm³ yr⁻¹. A Surface Difference Map revealed concentrated deposition in upstream zones and erosion along reservoir boundaries. These findings demonstrate that sedimentation is progressing faster than anticipated, causing accelerated storage loss. The study highlights the usefulness of geostatistical methods and surface difference analysis for assessing reservoir sedimentation and supports the development of more effective management and sediment-control strategies in arid-region reservoirs such as Hisorak.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 23-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GIS and remote sensing based spatial analysis of dominant RUSLE factors and the corresponding influence on soil loss in Werie Agricultural Landscape: An agro-ecological approach","authors":"Abrha Asefa ,&nbsp;Mitiku Haile ,&nbsp;Melaku Berhe ,&nbsp;Amanuel Zenebe","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2026.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2026.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study quantified the dominant soil erosion factors across in Werie Watershed. The study employed the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation and Geographic Information System framework, and individual RUSLE factor<!--> <!-->were normalized. Zonal statistics were then applied to quantify area dominance across Agro-Ecological Zones. Finding revealed that mean soil loss was highest in Kolla at 22.83ton/ha/year, significantly exceeding Weina Dega (8.77 ton/ha/year) and Dega (7.64 ton/ha/year). Spatially, Rainfall Erosivity (R-factor) dominated the largest areas, covering 228.96 km² in Kolla (57.89%) and 1874.61 km² in Weina Dega (40.50%). Cover-Management (C-factor) was also dominating 161.77 km² in Kolla (40.90%) and 1410.73 km² in Weina Dega (30.48%). In Dega, Soil Erodibility (K-factor) was most prominent, dominating 143.30 km² (41.45%), while R-factor dominated 128.59 km² (37.19%). The Slope Length-Gradient (LS-factor) exhibited minimal areal dominance, covering 0.005 km² across all AEZs. However, the P-factor was not identified as a dominant factor in the watershed. Average normalized R-factor values were consistently high across all AEZs, ranging from 0.52 to 0.64. In contrast, K-factor averages remained very low ranging from 0.001 to 0.003. This study quantified the varying influences of erosion factors across AEZs and provided data-driven insights for designing tailored soil conservation strategies in Werie Watershed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 142-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation loss of the muni coastal lagoon: Implications for ecosystem services and climate impacts","authors":"Alexander Nii Adjei Sowah","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal lagoons are highly productive ecosystems protected under laws of conservations. They provide extensive ecosystem services including fisheries, aquaculture, storm protection and tourism. In spite of the ecological, social, economic and cultural values of coastal lagoons, they suffer multiple pressures that threaten their ecological integrity and function. Population growth and its attendant increased demand for resources, expansion of the built environment to the fringes of such ecosystems and the production of waste are placing coastal lagoons’ ecosystems at the risk of collapse. Relying on Landsat satellite images of Land Cover of the Muni lagoon catchment of the Effutu Municipality of Ghana from 1993 to 2023 alongside field observations, the paper examines vegetation loss and land cover changes and how the observed changes influence/affects the lagoon’s ability to function and provide its ecological and socio-economic services. It was observed that apart from grassland which has steadily increased over the last three decades, marshes and mangroves have consistently reduced in size, from 21% of the total land cover in 1993 to 11% in 2003 and 10% in 2013 to 7% in 2023. A projected analysis of the different land cover for the next decade [2023–2033] indicated further shrinking of the mangrove and size of the lagoon itself. While the lagoon remains viable regarding some of the services it provides, losing mangroves, marshes and swamps have implications for the lagoon’s water holding capacity and ecosystem services it provides. This is especially against the backdrop of dangers posed to coastal communities by sea encroachment arising from climate-induced sea level rise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 100-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The structure, factors and analytical frameworks of microbial food webs in aquatic ecosystems","authors":"Yueyun Yang,&nbsp;Zhengzhu Dang,&nbsp;Guodong Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.wsee.2026.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsee.2026.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rivers and lakes are fundamental to global biogeochemical cycles and aquatic ecosystem stability. The health of these systems is largely governed by microbial food web (MFW) dynamics, which regulate energy transfer and nutrient cycling. However, existing methodologies remain largely descriptive, lacking the capacity to quantitatively link MFW structure to ecosystem function—a critical gap that limits predictive understanding of how these systems respond to environmental change. To address this gap, we propose an advanced analytical framework grounded in ecological trophic networks that integrates taxonomic identification, functional annotation, and trophic interaction inference. By explicitly reconstructing trophic architecture and quantifying energy flow pathways, this framework enables mechanistic assessment of material cycling and reveals how MFWs adapt along environmental gradients. This approach thus provides both a robust tool for aquatic ecosystem health assessment and a scientific basis for conservation and sustainable management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101280,"journal":{"name":"Watershed Ecology and the Environment","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 208-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}