Waste Management Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Linking solid waste and onsite sanitation: Quantification, stakeholder perspectives, and practices in two divisions of Kampala, Uganda","authors":"C. Furlong ,&nbsp;E. Akol ,&nbsp;N.L. Bateganya ,&nbsp;C.M. Hooijmans","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the connection between solid waste and sanitation is crucial for improving both systems. This exploratory case study is the first to examine the type and amount of solid waste in onsite sanitation systems, the reasons behind these practices, their impact, and potential prevention methods, across various stakeholders. The study was conducted in two municipal divisions of Kampala, Uganda (Kawempe and Makindye). Solid waste from 19 shared sanitation systems was collected, dried, classified, and quantified during emptying. Interviews were conducted with 20 emptiers, 40 users (20 male, 20 female), and 16 key informants (all male). Most solid waste found in pit latrines and septic tanks was classified as “taboo” waste—items hidden due to social, cultural, or religious reasons. The reasons given for disposing of solid waste in these systems supports previous hypotheses which had remained unexplored. This study generated new hypotheses, particularly emphasizing the role of “taboo” waste, due to its comprehensive methodology. Findings highlight the need for sanitation and waste management sectors to address “taboo” waste specifically rather than general solid waste. Additionally, no stakeholders had considered the complex relationship between these systems, yet an integrated approach is essential for sustainable solutions. These novel insights are critical for solid waste and sanitation specialists worldwide, emphasizing the importance of addressing hidden waste disposal behaviours to improve system efficiency and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot-scale anaerobic digestion of on-farm agro-residues: Boosting biogas production and digestate quality with thermophilic post-digestion","authors":"Shruti Katti ,&nbsp;Bernard Willems ,&nbsp;Erik Meers ,&nbsp;Çağrı Akyol","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental challenges associated with the disposal of organic farm waste and the growing demand for renewable energy underscore the importance of anaerobic digestion (AD), a process that converts organic matter into biogas and nutrient-rich digestate, offering a sustainable solution for waste management and energy production. This study evaluated a two-step AD process using cow manure and yeast extract through mono- and co-digestion trials at pilot-scale, serving as a preliminary step to assess feasibility and performance prior to scaling up for full-scale implementation on a dairy farm. Two 72 L continuously stirred tank reactors were operated, with the primary reactor maintained at mesophilic conditions and the secondary reactor acting as a thermophilic post-digester. This configuration was used to assess the influence of thermophilic post-digestion on biogas yield and digestate quality. During the mono-digestion of manure, mesophilic digestion yielded 138 L CH₄/kg VS, while thermophilic post-digestion provided an additional methane recovery of 100 L CH₄/kg VS. Co-digestion with yeast extract significantly enhanced methane yield, increasing it 1.77-fold to 421 L CH₄/kg VS in the two-stage AD system. However, co-digestion resulted in elevated hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) levels, posing potential challenges for biogas purification. Additionally, higher and more fluctuating volatile fatty acid concentrations were observed compared to manure mono-digestion. The quality and safety of the digestates remained comparable between mono- and co-digestion treatments, suggesting that co-digestion with yeast extract can offer advantages for manure-based AD systems, although an effective H₂S mitigation strategy is recommended to optimise process sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review on role of latex in bioplastics","authors":"S. Varshini ,&nbsp;M. Kesavalakshmi ,&nbsp;R. Varun Prasath ,&nbsp;M. Swetha ,&nbsp;P. Gomathi Priya ,&nbsp;D. Shanthana Lakshmi","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic, a synthetic material made from a wide range of polymers, has become an integral part of our everyday life. Due to their non-biodegradability and limited recyclability, they pose major environmental threats and waste management issues. Thus, an alternative to plastics is the need of the hour. While there are many alternate solutions in the form of bioplastics, many of them lack crucial properties like tensility, flexibility and stretchability to be able to completely replace plastics. Various additives and plasticizers are added to enhance their properties. Latex, a milky white colloidal substance, is one of the potential bio additives which not only elevates the strength of the blend but also enhances various properties including elasticity, hydrophobicity, and reduces water absorptivity. This study summarises the effect of latex on most common bio plastic bases including starch, cellulose, poly lactic acid and highlights the exploitation of the inherent elasticity of latex which has the potential to provide a plausible solution to the solid waste accumulation threat. This study also explores the future prospects of latex blended bioplastics and provides an insightful road map for further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of food processing waste byproducts for essential oil production and their application in food system","authors":"Elsayed AE Ali ,&nbsp;Dina Mostafa Mohammed ,&nbsp;Fatma Abd El Gawad ,&nbsp;Mohamed Ahmed Orabi ,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar Gupta ,&nbsp;Prem Prakash Srivastav","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Essential oils (EOs) are valuable sources of bioactive compounds derived from food processing waste by-products (FPWB). This study focuses on the valorization of FPWB to enhance both the quantity and quality of EOs extracted using eco-friendly methods, with applications in human and animal food systems. Green extraction techniques, such as microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound extraction, and cold plasma methods, offer numerous advantages. These include improved extraction efficiency, higher yields, reduced waste, and the preservation of EO quality. Additionally, these methods promote sustainability by lowering energy consumption. The study highlights the positive impact of EOs across various sectors. EOs act as natural preservatives in human food systems, enhancing food safety and stability. Animal nutrition contributes to improved animal health and feed palatability. The extraction process and the chemical composition of EOs significantly influence physicochemical properties. The quality and composition of EOs are largely determined by the extraction techniques used, which positively affect their physicochemical properties. While these methods are associated with challenges, advanced delivery systems and ongoing research in green extraction techniques hold promise for overcoming these limitations and optimizing the application of EOs in food preservation, animal nutrition, and other fields. Continued advancements in technology and innovation will drive progress in this area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-Chamber microbial fuel cell for Azo-Dye degradation and electricity generation in Textile wastewater treatment","authors":"Julius Nnamdi Ndive ,&nbsp;Simeon Okechukwu Eze ,&nbsp;Somtochukwu Godfrey Nnabuife ,&nbsp;Boyu Kuang ,&nbsp;Zeeshan A. Rana","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Textile wastewater, particularly azo dyes, poses significant environmental challenges due to its poor biodegradability and toxicity. This study explores a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) for simultaneous wastewater treatment and electricity generation. The MFC consists of an anaerobic anode chamber and an aerobic cathode chamber, separated by a proton exchange membrane (PEM). Electroactive microorganisms in the anode chamber metabolize organic substrates, including azo dye contaminants, breaking them down into simpler by-products. Electrons released during this process flow through an external circuit to generate current, while protons migrate across the PEM to the cathode chamber for oxygen reduction. Electrochemically active microbes were isolated from azo-dye-contaminated soil, and their degradation abilities validated through assays. Optimized carbon-based electrodes and a Nafion 117 PEM were used to enhance conductivity and microbial activity. UV–Vis spectroscopy tracked dye degradation, with the absorbance peak of reactive yellow dye at 410 nm decreasing from 2.9 to 0.4, indicating effective azo-bond cleavage. The MFC achieved peak voltage and current outputs of 0.20 mV and 0.16 mA, respectively, demonstrating its dual functionality. Adding NaCl as a supporting electrolyte further improved ionic conductivity and performance. This study demonstrates MFC technology as a sustainable solution for industrial wastewater challenges, integrating microbial degradation with bioelectricity generation. Future work should address scalability, operational stability, and advanced electrode designs to enhance its practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypothetical scenarios for circular bioeconomy preferences in the Bali metropolitan area","authors":"I Wayan Koko Suryawan ,&nbsp;Sapta Suhardono ,&nbsp;Ari Rahman ,&nbsp;Thi Thanh Thuy Phan ,&nbsp;Chun-Hung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the preferences and willingness of residents, including local and foreign residents, in the Bali metropolitan area to participate in various waste management initiatives aimed at promoting a circular bioeconomy. Bali, a major tourist center in the Global South, presents unique challenges and opportunities for sustainable waste management. Using a choice experiment framework, we explored preferences for managing paper, food, and garden waste through different scenarios. Scenario 1 focused on collecting and separating waste to support existing infrastructure, Scenario 2 emphasized source reduction and participation, and Scenario 3 integrated a comprehensive circular economy approach. The study reveals significant support for comprehensive waste management practices, with high marginal willingness to participate values for initiatives such as collecting and processing paper waste for energy conversion, independent composting of food waste, and community-based composting of garden waste. These findings highlight the importance of community engagement and tailored strategies in developing sustainable waste management programs. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to design effective circular bioeconomy policies that enhance local economic self-sufficiency and contribute to sustainable development goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential agricultural waste management modes to enhance carbon sequestration and aggregation in a clay soil","authors":"Israt Jahan Ami,&nbsp;Sonia Nasrin,&nbsp;Falguni Akter,&nbsp;Milton Halder","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural wastes (crop residues) removal and burning, coupled with intensive farming, lead to soil quality degradation and carbon emissions. Agricultural wastes are considered an effective way to improve soil carbon stock and aggregation in soil. However, the suitable strategy for agricultural wastes management to enhance soil organic carbon stabilization and aggregation has not been intensively investigated. A short-term field study was conducted from 2021 to 2022 to assess the potential of agricultural wastes management approaches to enhance aggregation (MWD) and mineral-associated organic carbon. The study consisted of six treatments: (1) control, (2) fertilization (NPK), (3) agricultural waste burn and ash incorporation, (4) NPK + agricultural waste burn and ash incorporation, (5) agricultural waste application at 8 (rice) and 6 (okra) ton ha⁻¹, and (6) NPK + agricultural waste application at 8 (rice) and 6 (okra) ton ha⁻¹ with one year duration (Okra from mid-November to mid-March – fallow from mid-March to mid-July – lowland rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em>) mid-July to mid-November). Post-harvest soil aggregation, soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) were estimated. The findings exhibited that MWD (mm) under agricultural residue (0.49), residue + NPK (0.45), and only NPK (0.38) were enhanced compared to the control (0.28) (P &lt; 0.05). The highest SOC (g kg⁻¹) was found in residue + NPK (18.35), followed by only residue (18.10), and the lowest in the control (15) (P &lt; 0.01). GRSP showed significant results, with the highest GRSP was observed with residue + NPK, followed by only residue application (p &lt; 0.05). MBC and mineral-associated SOC of aggregates were reduced in the order of agricultural residue + NPK &gt; agricultural residue &gt; residue burn + NPK &gt; NPK &gt; residue burn &gt; control. No significant results were found in terms of Fe oxides. Moreover, MWD was linked with SOC, while mineral-associated SOC was linked with MBC significantly. Results demonstrate that agricultural waste with NPK fertilizer has the potential to enhance aggregation, reduce erosion, and increase mineral-associated carbon in clay soil to mitigate climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into environmental sustainability of microwave assisted chemical recycling of CFRP waste using life cycle assessment","authors":"Ritesh Patre,&nbsp;Manjeet Rani,&nbsp;Sunny Zafar","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of fiber/matrix-based composites in the wind and aerospace industries, minimizing the environmental impact of composite waste has become a critical concern. This study compares pyrolysis and chemical recycling using nitric acid with the microwave assisted chemical recycling (MACR) process for carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite waste. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool in OpenLCA2.1® software evaluated three recycling scenarios, assuming recovered carbon fibers (RCFs) could be used for new composites. An inventory model was developed for virgin carbon fiber (VCF) production, CFRP manufacturing, and the three recycling processes, with environmental indicators identifying key variables. The results show that the MACR process has the lowest global warming potential (0.64 kg CO₂ eq.) and ozone depletion potential (0.46 × 10⁻⁸ kg CFC-11 eq.) compared to other methods. VCF production is energy-intensive, but if RCFs exhibit similar mechanical properties, they could replace VCFs in new composites. The MACR process also demonstrated higher Recycling System Credits (RSC), lower environmental impacts, and reduced energy consumption. Through comprehensive analysis of the results obtained in this study, the MACR process demonstrates significant benefits by reducing VCFs production burdens and pollution emissions, making it a promising solution for managing composite waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D printing technology for valorization of food processing wastes and byproducts: A systematic review","authors":"Debapam Saha ,&nbsp;Mrutyunjay Padhiary ,&nbsp;Azmirul Hoque ,&nbsp;Gajendra Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is estimated that over 1.3 billion tons of waste are generated annually from food processing, which poses significant environmental and economic challenges. This review delineates the potential of 3D printing technology in valorizing food waste and explores an achievable reduction of 40–60 % in waste disposal through product innovation. This method allows nutrient-rich waste materials like fruit peels, vegetable waste, shellfish shells, and cereal byproducts to be converted into edible and biodegradable packaging aligned with circular economy principles and sustainable food systems. Advances in 3D printing parameters, including optimized extrusion temperature and nozzle diameter, have been shown to improve efficiency by up to 30 % and the quality and integrity of the final product. Such applications are fiber-enriched snack foods and protein-enriched products with 20–35 % nutrient increases, along with biodegradable packaging that breaks down 50 % faster than conventional plastic. Case studies reveal that implementing such solutions by food manufacturers can generate as much as 25 % savings in waste management costs. These advancements are, however, challenged, especially concerning material variability, printability, and regulatory compliance. Existing studies have primarily focused on material formulation and extrusion properties, but gaps persist in large-scale implementation, standardization, and economic feasibility. Future research should emphasize AI-driven optimization to enhance printability by 15–20 %, explore novel biopolymer blends for improved mechanical properties, and integrate blockchain for enhanced traceability and transparency in waste valorization. A comprehensive understanding of the history of the development of the field and the issues it has not solved is important in accelerating the implementation of 3D printing in sustainable food waste management. This study concludes that 3D printing is a transformative approach to reducing food waste and advancing sustainability in the food and packaging sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing drying of municipal dewatered sludge using heat-assisted microorganisms and pig manure addition: A process and economic analysis","authors":"Chencheng Wang ,&nbsp;Zhigang He ,&nbsp;Muhammad Usman ,&nbsp;Mohamed Gamal El-Din ,&nbsp;Zhigang Liu ,&nbsp;Zhijun Luo ,&nbsp;He Li ,&nbsp;Dandan Xiao ,&nbsp;Qunchao Qian ,&nbsp;Zhiren Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sludge drying is an important pretreatment step for municipal dewatered sludge (MDS) treatment and disposal, but the time-consuming and high cost of existing processes have hindered the development of MDS treatment and disposal. In this study, a novel sludge drying technology was proposed on the basis of the characteristics and treatment needs of MDS in China. Pig manure (PM) addition and multisource heat assistance together assisted hyperthermophilic bacteria in achieving rapid drying of MDS. Mechanical factors were optimized via orthogonal experiments, and the optimum PM addition ratio was determined. The relationship between energy input (generation) and output in the system was explored to reveal the reasons why the novel drying technology exhibited superiority. Compared with the traditional biological drying technique and the thermal drying technique, the novel technique has the advantages of high efficiency, time savings and low cost. After 24 h of drying, the moisture content, organic matter content and net calorific value on an air-dried basis (<em>Q</em>_{net, V,Mad}) of the dried products were 31.43 ± 0.91 %, 72.47 ± 1.89 % and 16.94 ± 0.35 MJ/kg, respectively, which met the requirements of heat recovery and utilization for subsequent thermal treatment. The energy input (generation) to the system exceeded the energy output, indicating that the drying process was positively spontaneous. Multisource heat assistance accounted for 81.6 % of the total generated (input) energy, and 86.43 % of the energy was used for moisture evaporation, indicating high energy utilization of the drying system. In addition, cost savings of US $11.46–16.84/ton (¥83-122.10/ton) were achieved when MDS was treated via the novel drying technology. Overall, the novel drying technology proposed in this study provides feasible, efficient and cost-saving pretreatment technology and ideas for MDS treatment and disposal engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}