Waste Management Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing the performance of natural clay for nitrate ions removal from groundwater and wastewater of the region of Taroudant (Souss-Massa Morocco): mechanism, optimization and evolution toxicity","authors":"Abdallah Assouani ,&nbsp;Abdelkader Dabagh ,&nbsp;Mohamed EL-Habacha ,&nbsp;Guellaa Mahmoudy ,&nbsp;Mhamed Abali ,&nbsp;Mohamed Chiban ,&nbsp;Naima Alahiane ,&nbsp;Mohamed Zerbet","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper discusses the adsorption mechanism of nitrate ions using natural clay from an aqueous solution. The adsorbent’s heterogeneous structure with deep voids and significant porosity was also seen under the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This structure is assumed to be essential for binding and collecting nitrate ions onto the adsorbent surface. Different functional groups have been identified to facilitate the adsorption of nitrate ions onto adsorbent. The Brunauer Emmett et Teller (BET) surface examination revealed that the natural raw clay (NRC) surface is around 6.44 m²/g. With a 98 % correlation coefficient, the Langmuir isotherm is the most appropriate model to explain the adsorption process. 241.18 mg/g was the maximum adsorption capacity for nitrate ions at 291 K. The pseudo second-order model represents a good explanation of adsorption kinetics. According to thermodynamic calculations, adsorption occurs spontaneously and exothermically on natural clay. The natural clay was recycled; the removal of nitrates was 42.08 % after the third cycle.The results of Taguchi experimental design (TED), analysis of variance (ANOVA), and response surface methodology (RSM) showed that initial concentration, contact time, and pH are the most significant factors influencing the efficiency of removal with a contribution of 76.96 %, 11.29 %, and 4.3 %, respectively. The maximum removal efficiency of nitrate ions in optimal operating conditions was 82.67 %. Which at the optimal conditions of 0.5 g/L, 360 min, 1000 mg/L, 18 °C, pH 4 for nitrate ions. The results confirm the effectiveness of natural clay in lentil seed germination and nitrate removal from water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of low biodegradable wastewater on biogas production from food wastes: a comprehensive review of challenges and enhancement strategies","authors":"Petro Karungamye,&nbsp;Marwa Emmanuel","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low biodegradability wastewater greatly restricts biogas production in co-digestion with food wastes in anaerobic digestion operations. This review critically addresses the impact of low biodegradability wastewater on biogas yield, process kinetics, and stability. Low biodegradability wastewaters consist of recalcitrant complex organics that inhibit microbial degradation, leading to reduced methane yield and increased lag times. Additionally, inhibitory substances such as volatile fatty acids and ammonia buildup lead to process destabilization. The review summarizes current research on the detrimental effects and discusses augmentation methods such as mechanical, chemical, and biological pretreatment processes that enhance substrates’ biodegradability. Besides, co-digestion methods of low and high biodegradability substrates are presented as viable options to nutrient balancing, inhibitor reduction, and microbial activity promotion. Process optimization and microorganism enrichment also enhance enhanced methane production and system stability. This comprehensive review demonstrates both the issue brought about by low biodegradability wastewater and effective solutions to rectify them, presenting practical information to maximize biogas production from mixed waste streams for sustainable waste-to-energy conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of mechanical recycling and virgin PBR addition on the properties of ABS recovered from WEEE: A multi-technique characterization","authors":"Anna Lesiak ,&nbsp;Luc Vincent ,&nbsp;Joost Schollaert ,&nbsp;Lamiae Safou ,&nbsp;Francois Orange ,&nbsp;Sophie Pagnotta ,&nbsp;Nicolas Sbirrazzuoli ,&nbsp;Nathanael Guigo","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing use of electrical and electronic devices, the volume of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) continues to increase, posing a major environmental and recycling challenge. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) is one of the most common thermoplastics found in WEEE, its recovery is complicated by contamination, heterogeneity, and degradation. While mechanical recycling of ABS is widely practiced, the impact of specific processing steps on the chemical and physical properties of the recyclate remains insufficiently explored. This study investigates the effect of shredding and extrusion, as well as the integration of virgin polybutadiene rubber (PBR), on the morphology, chemical structure, and thermal stability of ABS-rich WEEE recyclates. A multi-analytical approach, combining Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and thermal analysis − was employed to fully characterize the materials. Our findings show that extrusion improves sample homogeneity and removes some contaminants (e.g., Ba, Cl), leading to a significant increase in thermal stability (T₁₀% +30 °C). The addition of virgin PBR contributes to enhanced internal cohesion and a fibrous morphology. This work provides a robust methodology for distinguishing processing-related changes from compositional variability in real-world recycled plastics. The approach can support the development of advanced processing strategies for polymer waste streams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metals in water, sediment and fish species of the Bhairab River in southwest Bangladesh and their health implications","authors":"Md. Abu Musa ,&nbsp;Abdullah-Al-Mamun ,&nbsp;Sonia Nasrin ,&nbsp;Tamanna Jakia ,&nbsp;Kiron Sikdar ,&nbsp;Md. Nure Alam Siddik ,&nbsp;Sharmin Aktar Hasi ,&nbsp;Md. Imam Sohel Hossain ,&nbsp;Milton Halder","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid industrialization in southwestern Bangladesh has led to significant accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in riverine ecosystem. However, the extent of HMs accumulation in the Bhairab River and its potential risk still remain unknown. The current study quantified HMs in water, sediment, and different fish species of Bhairab River to evaluate the ecological and human health risk. Water, sediment, and fish samples were collected during two seasons (monsoon and winter) from three locations and measured for HMs (Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn) using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (F-AAS, Model: Shimadzu AA-7000, Japan). HMs in water and sediment were found in the order of Cd &lt; Pb &lt; Cr &lt; Zn &lt; Mn &lt; Fe. The Fe, Mn, and Zn exceeded the threshold limit for drinking standard as per WHO (2004) and USEPA (1999). The contamination factor and geo-accumulation index were &lt; 1, indicating that river bank sediment is suitable for crop cultivation during winter. HMs in water, sediment, and fish were lower during the monsoon compared to winter, due to dilution effects. According to WHO (2004), FAO (1983), and MOFL (2014), HMs in fish did not exceed the tolerable limit except for Cr. According to WHO (2004) guidlines, the daily intake of HMs was less than reference dose. For non-carcinogenic risk, THQ and HI &lt; 1, indicating no potential health risk for Khulna urban inhabitants due to consumption of the studied fish. Cr posed a potential carcinogenic risk from lifelong consumption of these fish. These findings may support national policy-making and riverine ecosystem management in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Multi linear regression (MLR) analysis for determining predictors of illegal dumping in rapidly urbanized rural areas: A case study of Bangkalan District, Indonesia","authors":"Christia Meidiana ,&nbsp;Florin-Constantin Mihai ,&nbsp;Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan ,&nbsp;Diva Avriska ,&nbsp;Septiana Hariyani ,&nbsp;Ratan Kumar Ghosh ,&nbsp;Kristianus Oktriono ,&nbsp;Wing Keung Wong ,&nbsp;Franca Brugman","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the factors influencing illegal waste dumping in Bangkalan District, a rapidly urbanizing rural area in Indonesia. Illegal dumping has become a significant environmental and public health concern due to inefficient waste management systems, irregular collection schedules, and inadequate infrastructure. The research identifies key socio-economic, demographic, and technical factors contributing to illegal dumping behaviors. Through data collected from 387 households, a Multilinear Regression (MLR) analysis reveals that six factors such as low income, lower education levels, larger family sizes, irregular waste collection services, easy accessibility and short distance to illegal dump site (IDS) significantly increase illegal dumping rates. The findings emphasize the need for improving waste management infrastructure, enhancing public awareness, and addressing economic constraints to mitigate illegal dumping. By identifying the primary drivers of illegal dumping, this research contributes to achieving several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). The study concludes with policy recommendations for improved waste management and enforcement, offering insights for addressing this issue in other rapidly urbanizing rural areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of postharvest waste from table grapes through the production of spirits and distillate by-products based on their antioxidant capacity","authors":"Fermín Humberto Arévalo-Ortiz ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Palma ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Jannet Dioses-Morales ,&nbsp;Amelia Devorah Arias-Durand ,&nbsp;Gaby Espinoza-Córdova ,&nbsp;Miki Gonzales-Uscamayta ,&nbsp;Joel Claudio Rengifo-Maravi ,&nbsp;Epifanio Teófilo Chire-Murillo ,&nbsp;Víctor Caro Sánchez-Benites ,&nbsp;Paola Jorge-Montalvo ,&nbsp;Lizardo Visitación-Figueroa","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The postharvest stage of table grapes generates waste that can be valorized. This research evaluated the valorization potential of Red Globe grape waste for the production of spirits and assessed the antioxidant capacity of their by-products (head, body, and tail of the distillate, and vinasse). The waste underwent alcoholic fermentation using <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>, followed by fractional distillation in a copper alembic still to separate the head, body (main spirit), and tail fractions, along with the resulting vinasse. The volatile compounds, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant capacity, and phenolic compounds were analyzed by UPLC-MS. The body fraction (distillate), containing 42 % (v/v) ethanol, could be classified as a spirit beverage. However, it exhibited higher levels of acetaldehyde, propanol, and acetic acid, suggesting the need for maturation. The head and tail fractions were suitable for rectification and use as industrial alcohol. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that antioxidant components were mainly concentrated in the vinasse, which exhibited notable antioxidant capacity values of 5.75 μmol TE/mL as Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 3.596 μmol TE/mL as DPPH, along with high TPC and TFC levels. Fourteen phenolic compounds were also identified, including kaempferol glycoside, epicatechin, and caftaric acid. This positions vinasse as a valuable source for the extraction of bioactive antioxidant compounds or as a potential functional beverage. Overall, the valorization of postharvest waste is a viable approach for producing spirit beverages while also highlighting the potential of by-products, particularly vinasse, as rich sources of antioxidants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive study of pollution removal from landfill leachate with emphasis on phenolic compounds and heavy metals using non-thermal plasma technology","authors":"Mahdiyeh Bakhtiyari-Ramezani ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Maryam Azizi ,&nbsp;Narges Ziveh ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Amani","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landfill leachate poses a significant environmental threat. This study examined Non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology for treating landfill leachate after pretreatments to tackle this issue. EC and TDS decreased by over 96 %, COD by 98 %, turbidity by 97 %, color by 93 %, TSS by 98 %, and BOD₅ by 97 %. Phenol levels dropped by more than 98 %, and significant heavy metal removal was achieved: Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Ni, Al, Fe, and Zn concentrations were reduced by 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 92 %, 94 %, 72 %, 65 %, and 77 %, respectively. These findings underscore the potential of NTP technology as a valuable tool for wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sustainable approach to helminth eggs concentrations removal in sewage sludge from biological wastewater treatment: A Brazilian case study","authors":"Guilherme Sgobbi Zagui ,&nbsp;Lisandro Simão ,&nbsp;Danielma Silva Maia ,&nbsp;Brisa Maria Fregonesi ,&nbsp;Karina Aparecida Abreu Tonani ,&nbsp;Marília Vasconcellos Agnesini ,&nbsp;Cristina Filomena Pereira Rosa Paschoalato ,&nbsp;Susana Inés Segura-Muñoz","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sewage sludge can be used as fertilizer in agriculture, representing an environmentally and economically advantageous alternative to disposal in landfills and incinerators, however helminth eggs compromises its destination. In this study, we evaluated helminth eggs in raw and treated sewage sludge after thermal drying in an agricultural greenhouse, from two wastewater treatment plants (namely WWTP-A and WWTP-B), in intention of verifying a low-cost treatment technology to obtain treated sewage sludge for agricultural purposes. Helminths eggs of <em>Hymenolepis diminuta</em> and <em>Ascaris</em> sp were the most frequent. In the sludge from WWTP-A the mean concentration of helminth eggs, respectively, was 3.49 ± 1.45 and 1.01 ± 1.13 eggs/g TS in the raw and treated sludge (<em>p</em> = 0.0382). In WWTP-B, the mean concentration of helminth eggs was 8.14 ± 1.28 and 2.33 ± 3.81 eggs/g TS, respectively, in the raw and treated sludge (<em>p</em> = 0.0495). The maximum percentages of egg removal were 93.81 % in WWTP-A and 98.80 % in WWTP-B. No viable eggs were detected in treated sewage sludge, indicating that the biosolid could be classified as Class A under legal parasitological parameters, allowing for extensive use in agricultural crops, which represents a sustainable alternative for the disposal of sewage sludge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plastics and polymers today, some questions, a particular viewpoint","authors":"Michel Dumon","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The number of plastic and polymer types are tremendously numerous. At the present time, they fulfill a lot of daily citizen’s needs and economical interests. They appear to be irreplaceable, but they raise questions. The paper is not a case study nor an experimental study but a viewpoint on the fate of plastics. Their situation and evolution are presented in the form of questions where actors and ‘spheres’ correspond to different visions. ‘Spheres’ are industry, ecosystems, waste management, innovation, technologies and citizens. Statistics predict a growing production and consumption of plastics. Thus a dilemma arises<!--> <!-->between environment and health protection, the well being of citizens, the will of authorities, the will and ability of manufacturers/producers to supply better ‘products’, and the willingness of citizens to change their habits and behaviors towards less plastics.</div><div>Against overuse and pollution, plastic recycling is stopgap, a subterfuge. Recycling of all fossile-based plastics is an illusion. Bioplastics are very partial substitutes for fossil-based plastics. The future of plastics deals as much as with behaviors, habits and wills rather than materials themselves. A true decrease in the plastics consumption, firstly those used in packaging, is a long-term solution.<!--> <!-->But, according to most data and figures, fossile synthetic plastics will be produced and used for decades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HDPE geomembrane-based artificial cover system for landfill in mitigating mercaptan emissions from organic waste","authors":"Marco Vizuete-Montero ,&nbsp;Maritza Chaglla-Cango ,&nbsp;Jenevith Cuadrado-Andrade ,&nbsp;Juan León-Terán","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emission of mercaptans during the decomposition of organic solid waste represents a significant environmental issue due to their strong odor and potential toxicity. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane in reducing odors produced ny mercaptans during the anaerobic decomposition of organic solid waste. The research was conducted under controlled conditions using a simulated landfill cell and employed standardrized metholologies for gas sampling and analysis. Organic waste representative of municipal solid waste composition in tropical regions was used and concentrations of methyl mercaptan and <em>tert</em>-butyl mercaptan were measured before and after geomembrane application using a calibrated multigas detector. Results showed a significant reduction in mercaptan levels following the implmentation of HDPE geomembrane, with concentrations decreasing from a combined 4.377 ppm to 0.696 ppm, well below established occupational exposure thresholds. Statistical analysis confirmed the reliability and significance of the results (p &lt; 0.001). The study suggest the potential of HDPE geomembranes as an accesible and replicable solution for odor-management in solid waste treatment, particularly in resource-limited context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}