The Microbe最新文献

{"title":"Nocardia nepalensis sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from forest soil in Pokhara, Nepal","authors":"Sagar Aryal ,&nbsp;Laxmi Neupane ,&nbsp;Rameshwar Adhikari ,&nbsp;Balmukunda Regmi ,&nbsp;Dev Raj Joshi","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An aerobic, non-motile, Gram-positive novel actinobacterium strain ACa13097^T was isolated from a soil sample collected from the forest of Pokhara, Nepal. Strain ACa13097^T showed morphological and growth characteristics typical for the members of the genus <em>Nocardia</em>. Strain ACa13097^T grew at 18–37° C (optimum 30° C), pH 4–9 (optimum 7), 0–7 % NaCl (optimum 0–1 %) and 1.80–3.60 % sea salt (optimum 1.80 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ACa13097^T was closely related to <em>Nocardia pseudovaccinii</em> NBRC 100343 ^T (98.86 %), <em>Nocardia vinacea</em> NBRC 16497 ^T (98.79 %), and <em>Nocardia anaemiae</em> NBRC 100462 ^T (98.64 %). Genome analysis revealed a genome size of 9609,226 bp long, composed of 46 contigs with an N50 value of 613,208 bp and annotated with 9316 protein-coding genes. The DNA G+C content was 66.20 mol%. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization between the genome of strain ACa13097^T and its closely related species <em>N. pseudovaccinii</em> NBRC 100343 ^T, <em>N. vinacea</em> NBRC 16497 ^T, and <em>N. anaemiae</em> NBRC 100462 ^T were 39 %, 39.10 %, and 43.40 %, respectively from GGDC formula 1 (d0) and the average nucleotide identity (ANI) value were 87.33 %, 87.52 %, and 87.33 %, respectively. The genome mining analysis using antiSMASH version 7.1.0 identified 47 putative gene clusters that may be responsible for producing numerous secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds. Genome analysis of strain ACa13097^T indicated 190 diverse families of Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZyme), 6575 orthologous gene clusters, and 15 sequences with CRISPR. Based on phenotypic and genotypic data and phylogenetic position as well as digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity (ANI) value, the novel strain ACa13097^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus <em>Nocardia</em>, for which the name <em>Nocardia nepalensis</em> sp. nov. (=NCCB 101050 ^T, DSM 118930 ^T) is proposed. The type strain is ACa13097^T.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular basis for reduced neuraminidase inhibitors susceptibility in highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses: Perspective on refining antiviral strategies and enhancing pandemic preparedness","authors":"Naveen Kumar ,&nbsp;Richa Sood ,&nbsp;Chhedi Lal Gupta ,&nbsp;Ashutosh Singh ,&nbsp;Sandeep Bhatia ,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar ,&nbsp;Shanmuga Nagarajan ,&nbsp;Chakradhar Tosh ,&nbsp;Harshad Vinayakrao Murugkar ,&nbsp;Aniket Sanyal","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing resistance cases in influenza A viruses (IAVs) to different classes of antiviral drugs, necessitates for a detailed investigation of molecular interactions governing reduced susceptibility to these drugs. This study explores the molecular basis of the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) A H5N1 viruses’ resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), which we identified in our previous study. Using sophisticated protein modeling and docking methods, we investigated two HPAI H5N1 clade 2.2 viruses, A/chicken/India/85459/2008 (N294S) and A/chicken/WestBengal/142121/2008 (E119A + I117V). The N294S substitution provided oseltamivir resistance while retaining zanamivir susceptibility, but the E119A + I117V substitutions resulted in resistance to both zanamivir and oseltamivir. Molecular interactions analyses unveiled that N294S and E119A + I117V substitutions resulted in varying fitness levels, hydrogen bonding, and affinity transitions. It is evident that the impact of different substitutions within the neuraminidase (NA) protein of IAV varies widely depending on the subtype, clade, or the specific NAIs (oseltamivir and zanamivir). Given the variable susceptibility to NAIs caused by distinct substitutions in NA protein, it is critical to implement an integrated surveillance framework that incorporates the One Health approach, involving avian, environmental, mammalian and human’s sources, to monitor susceptibility or resistance profiles of IAVs. This study is the first to investigate the genetic basis for reduced NAIs susceptibility in HPAI H5N1 viruses having dual resistance molecular markers, emphasizing the significance for refining antiviral strategies and improving pandemic preparedness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High risk of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in patients attending public hospitals in Sokoto, Nigeria","authors":"Abdurrahman Hassan Jibril ,&nbsp;Hassan Bawa ,&nbsp;Kabiru Mohammed ,&nbsp;Abdulrazak Nuhu ,&nbsp;Abdulbariu Ogirima Uhuami","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> is a well-known opportunistic pathogen associated with various healthcare infections. This study investigated the prevalence of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> in patients attending Specialist Hospital and Maryam Abacha Women and Children Hospital in Sokoto, Nigeria and determine risk factors that could be associated with infection.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Cross-sectional study approach was used to collect 204 clinical samples from patients attending these hospitals. Samples were processed using culture, biochemical, and PCR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall prevalence of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> was found to be 12.8 %. Samples from wound and ear swab showed statistically significant higher prevalence of 7.8 % (16/204) and 3.4 % (7/204) respectively (χ²= 12.70, <em>p</em> = 0.013), while no isolate was detected in swab collected from eye and throat. Males had a higher prevalence (15.3 %) compared to females (10.4 %), though the difference was not statistically significant (χ²= 1.112, <em>p</em> value = 0.29). Notably, inpatients were at a significantly higher risk of infection <em>P. aerugionsa</em> (OR: 1.94 <em>p</em> = 0.0109). In addition, females, rural residents, and patients on antibiotic therapy for less than one week were associated with a decreased risk of infection. Logistic regression analysis further underscored the association between inpatient status and increased infection risk, while short-term antibiotic use appeared to decrease the likelihood of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> infection.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study highlights the need for stringent infection control measures, particularly in wound care and among inpatients. These findings are essential for healthcare providers and policymakers in developing targeted interventions to mitigate the impact of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> infections in Nigerian hospitals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass spectrometric profile, antioxidant and oral pathogen biofilm control capacity of small molecules from an endophyte Cladosporium species: In vitro and in silico models","authors":"Manasa AP ,&nbsp;Deena C. Mendez ,&nbsp;Kiranmayee P","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of the present study is to showcase the antimicrobial potential of compounds derived from the endophytic fungus <em>Cladosporium</em> spp. <em>Cladosporium</em> sp. was isolated and identified from healthy seed tissue of <em>Solanum violaceum</em> Ortega. Cell-free supernatant was subjected to solvent extraction and examined on the human oral cavity pathogens, <em>Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> and <em>Candida tropicalis</em>. Liquid and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectra (LC-MS and GC-MS) identified compounds was blind docked using a variety of targets of the tested pathogen. The user friendly CB dock-2 version 1.1.2, SwissADME tool, SwissTargetPrediction, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion (ADME), drug-likeness and Lipinski’s rule of five, ligand and protein structures from PubChem and Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB) respectively were used to perform the blind docking. Among the solvents used, <em>n-</em>butanol was the best and showed a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. <em>n-</em>butanol extract showed inhibition zones of 16±0.2 (<em>S. aureus</em>), 15±0.1 (<em>E. coli</em>), 16±0.1 (<em>K. pneumonia</em>) and 15±0.1 (<em>C. tropicalis</em>). Microbicidal activity was observed within 20–24 h (<em>p</em>&lt;0.05). <em>S. aureus</em> showed increased protein release (4–8 h), while <em>C. tropicalis</em> exhibited none in the first 4 h. The minimum required inhibitory concentration was in the range of 1 mg/mL to 4 mg/mL. The antioxidant activity ranged from 47.9 % to 68.7 % measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Genomic DNA degradation was noted in <em>E. coli</em>, <em>S. aureus</em>, and <em>K. pneumoniae</em> and significant biofilm reduction (<em>p</em>&lt;0.003) and no patchy colonies were noted in the treated set. This result proves that the compound is affectively acting on the cell membrane and DNA. Spectrophotometry identified several antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds including Paramomine, Sphinganine, 2”-deamino-2”-hydroxyneamine (3+), Alpha-amylcinnamaldehyde, Netilmycin, 13-Desoxypaxilline, Pyridine, Gamma Butyrolactone, Levoglucosenone, 1.3-Diaxolane, 4-Chloro-1-butanol, DMSO and Furan. All the GC and LC-MS compounds have obliged the Lipinski’s rule of five, except Paramomine and Netilmycin. The Brain or IntestinaL EstimateD permeation method (BOILED Egg) prediction indicated that the majority of the compounds are absorbed in Gastro Intestinal or to the brain. The ligand binding capacities varied from organism to organism. To conclude, <em>n-</em>butanol extracts of <em>Cladosporium</em> sp., are ideal candidates for controlled dividing capacity of oral pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phyto-microbiome engineering: Designing plant-microbe interactions for improved crop performance","authors":"Urvasha Patyal ,&nbsp;Ritu Bala ,&nbsp;Manpreet Kaur ,&nbsp;Mohammad Faizan ,&nbsp;Pravej Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phyto-microbiome engineering refers to the strategic manipulation of plant-associated microbial communities to enhance crop growth, resilience, and productivity. The plant microbiome, consisting of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microorganisms, plays a crucial role in plant health, aiding in nutrient acquisition, stress tolerance, disease resistance, and overall plant vigor. With increasing global challenges such as climate change, soil degradation, and the need for sustainable agriculture, optimizing these plant-microbe interactions offers a promising solution. This engineering approach involves identifying beneficial microbial strains, optimizing their application in agricultural systems, and promoting symbiotic relationships that enhance plant development. By understanding the molecular mechanisms governing these interactions, scientists can design microbial consortia that are tailored to specific crops and environmental conditions. This could lead to reduced dependency on chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and water while improving crop yields and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we explore the latest developments in phyto-microbiome engineering, focusing on its objectives, applications, and the tools and techniques used for manipulating microbial communities and enhancing plant-microbe interactions. We examine how these approaches can be integrated into contemporary agricultural practices to boost crop performance. Additionally, we delve into case studies showcasing successful engineered phyto-microbiome, and propose a framework to ensure the sustainable and ethical use of these strategies in improving crop yields and resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of infectious agents in cancer pathogenesis and therapy","authors":"Ezichi F. Ofoezie ,&nbsp;Chinwendu A. Ogbonna ,&nbsp;Sandra C. Olisakwe ,&nbsp;Chioma J. Anunobi ,&nbsp;Ezinne T. George ,&nbsp;Simeon Babarinde ,&nbsp;Chidera G. Chukwuemeka ,&nbsp;Uzochukwu E. Ogbonna ,&nbsp;Chibuzo C. Amafili ,&nbsp;Chibuzo V. Alisigwe ,&nbsp;Onyinyechi J. Omaba ,&nbsp;Henry N. Ogbonna","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infectious agents contribute substantially to cancer pathogenesis, representing a significant proportion of the global cancer burden. This review delves into the complex mechanisms pathogens drive oncogenesis, emphasizing chronic inflammation, immune evasion, genetic integration, and epigenetic alterations. These processes enable infectious agents such as Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV), <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) to disrupt host cellular homeostasis and facilitate tumor development. Emerging therapeutic strategies are also explored, including pathogen-specific immunotherapies such as prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting infected cells, and cutting-edge gene-editing technologies like CRISPR. Additionally, the review highlights antiviral and antibacterial therapies aimed at oncogenic pathways, along with the integration of these modalities with conventional cancer treatments. These developments highlight the urgent need for creative, multidisciplinary methods to enhance the prognosis of cancers linked to pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered toxicity of Staphylococcus aureus and its membrane vesicles following ethanol and glycidol exposure","authors":"Yuko Shimamura,&nbsp;Hayao Horiike,&nbsp;Takuya Yui,&nbsp;Shuichi Masuda","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> is subjected to a variety of environmental stresses, including chemicals, when encountering the host during infection, this study investigated the effects of ethanol and glycidol on virulent phenotype of <em>S. aureus</em> and its membrane vesicles (MVs). Ethanol increased staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) production approximately twofold at all concentrations tested, while glycidol induced a fivefold increase above 100 mM. Both agents upregulated the expression of <em>sak</em>, a phage-encoded gene akin to SEA; <em>cro</em>, a lysis-related gene, and <em>recA</em>, linked to the SOS response and DNA repair. Ethanol (1.0 %) and glycidol (100 mM) also increased the expression of RNAIII, <em>icaA</em> (biofilm formation), and <em>hlb</em> (β-hemolytic toxin), resulting in increased biofilm formation. Ethanol and glycidol augmented <em>S. aureus</em> virulence and influenced MV properties. Ethanol boosted hemolytic toxin activity in culture supernatants and MVs, whereas glycidol reduced it in MVs without affecting supernatants. While ethanol did not alter SEA content in MVs, glycidol increased it, along with the internalization of specific cargo proteins. Additionally, glycidol-derived MVs enhanced IFN-γ expression in mouse spleen cells. These findings suggest that ethanol and glycidol exposure may drive <em>S. aureus</em> toward a more virulent phenotype, accompanied by increased MV toxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current strategies against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and advances toward future therapy","authors":"Saurabh Kumar ,&nbsp;Richa Prasad Mahato ,&nbsp;Sanjay Ch ,&nbsp;Soniya Kumbham","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a formidable challenge in the treatment of infectious diseases, posing significant risks to global health. This issue is particularly with <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, a bacterium that can become multidrug-resistant (MDR), leading to severe complications and systemic infections due to their complex characteristics and diverse virulence factors. These new developments of AMR in <em>S. aureus</em> affected the scientific community in discovering the next generation of antibiotics, in which only two classes of antibiotics for clinical use have been introduced in the past two decades. This stagnation highlights the urgency of addressing AMR and the increasing difficulty in combating infections caused by superbug strains of staphylococcus. To overcome the AMR challenges, there is an urgent need to investigate and develop alternate therapy acts through a new target mechanism. In this review, we have discussed in brief several novel strategies such as bacteriophages, and antimicrobial peptides (AMP) to combat these MRSA infections. Emerging strategies such as CRISPR-Cas systems which allow for precise genetic editing, monoclonal antibodies designed to target specific bacterial toxins, bacterial phage therapies, and nanomedicine applications nanomedicine applications have been thoroughly discussed. Other than synthetic derivatives, the application of plant-based derivates, and repurposing drugs that exhibit anti-microbial properties, have been summarized. In an overview, this review provides advanced targets for investigators to develop new treatment strategies against MDR to improve the therapeutic efficacy and compliance of patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P-coumaric acid inhibits biofilm formation in pellicles and association with meropenem shows synergistic effect against Acinetobacter baumannii","authors":"Samily Aquino Sá Oliveira ,&nbsp;Danillo Sales Rosa ,&nbsp;Renata de Faria Silva Souza ,&nbsp;Amaro Antônio Silva Neto ,&nbsp;Edilson do Carmo Marins Júnior ,&nbsp;Márcio Rennan Santos Tavares ,&nbsp;Maísa Mota Antunes ,&nbsp;Gustavo Batista de Menezes ,&nbsp;Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevero ,&nbsp;Flavia Figueira Aburjaile ,&nbsp;Jackson Roberto Guedes da Silva Almeida ,&nbsp;Daniel Rodrigo Cavalcante de Araújo ,&nbsp;Fabiane Rabelo da Costa Batista ,&nbsp;Carine Rosa Naue ,&nbsp;Mateus Matiuzzi da Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> is one of the main causes of hospital infections and has shown broad resistance to antimicrobials. Therefore, effective alternatives are needed to combat this species. From this perspective, this study aimed to search for an antimicrobial alternative using products of natural origin with the potential to combat multidrug-resistant <em>A. baumannii</em> (MDR). Initially, the crude ethanolic extract (CEE) from <em>Hymenaea martiana</em> leaves was prepared, which went through phytochemical screening and compound analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration of CEE, as well as secondary metabolites detected in HPLC, were determined using nine isolates of <em>A. baumannii</em> MDR. The motility and formation of biofilms on solid-liquid interfaces and in pellicles were verified, as well as the interference of secondary metabolites on these virulence factors. The synergistic combination of secondary metabolites and meropenem was also evaluated. In the HPLC-DAD analysis, gallic acid (GA), <em>p</em>-coumaric acid (PA), and rutin were detected. Antimicrobial activity was found for CEE, GA, and PA. PA showed antibiofilm potential, especially on the pellicle. Both phenolic acids showed excellent synergistic activity, reversing resistance to meropenem in some cases. The PA-meropenem combination showed good results, and its use rescues the sensitivity of an already known antibiotic, combined with a substance with antibiofilm activity. These results provide a path for the use of new antimicrobial therapies that may assist in treating <em>A. baumannii</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced antibacterial efficacy of Lysinibacillus fusiformis-mediated bimetallic silver-gold nanocomposites against multidrug-resistant chronic wound bacterial pathogens","authors":"Richard Kolade Omole ,&nbsp;Nkem Torimiro ,&nbsp;Oluwole Isaac Adeyemi ,&nbsp;Muthupandian Saravanan ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Oladoyin Agboluaje ,&nbsp;May P. Xiong ,&nbsp;Reama Chinedu George","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerous people have lost their lives due to diseases associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Studies have reported that Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections significantly contribute to mortality linked to AMR. It is vital to develop novel antibacterial compounds against these MDR bacteria. Hence, we produced silver-gold nanocomposites (Ag-Au NCPs) colloidal suspension (CS) with cell biomass of <em>Lysinibacillus fusiformis</em> in three ratios; 1:1 (A), 3:7 (B) and 7:3 (C). The changes in color of the CS were observed visually and confirmed with UV–vis spectroscopy. The synthesized Ag-Au NCPs were screened for antibacterial efficacies using well-diffusion method. The MIC and MBC of Ag-Au NCPs showing potential antibacterial activities were examined with microtitre plate. The CS of Ag-Au NCPs with antibacterial efficacies was oven-dried. The structural and spectral features of dried Ag-Au NCPs were analyzed with SEM, DLS, TEM, EDAX, FTIR and XRD. After 4–8 hours, the CS of three <em>Lysinibacillus fusiformis-</em>mediated Ag-Au NCPs each displayed a single peak (636 nm (A), 634.5 nm (B) and 600.5 nm (C)). The promising Ag-Au NCPs are sphere-shaped and clustered in pairs. The DLS measurements indicated a mean size distribution and polydispersity index of 113.27 ± 0.67 nm and 0.1813 ± 0.0137, respectively; however, TEM confirmed an average diameter of 19.13 ± 1.86 nm. The EDAX confirmed presence of 66.2 % zerovalent silver (3.0 keV) and 13.4 % zerovalent gold (2.0 keV). The FTIR established presence of methyl bonds, amine symmetric stretch and linkages. In addition, XRD confirmed Bragg’s peaks corresponding with standard planes of crystalline silver and gold. The Ag-Au NCPs demonstrated enhanced antibacterial efficacy against 77.78 % of tested MDR bacteria, particularly against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (MIC 78.125 µg/mL; MBC 156.25 µg/mL) and <em>Enterobacter hormaechei</em> (MIC 78.125 µg/mL; MBC 312.5 µg/mL). These remarkable results demonstrate the strong potential of Ag-Au NCPs for treating MDR bacteria-infected chronic wounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}