The Microbe最新文献

{"title":"Microencapsulation of Bacillus Mojavensis as potent probiotic strain isolated from soil of Iran and determining characterization","authors":"Zahra Karimi Dastjerdi,&nbsp;Shokoofeh Ghazi","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Probiotics are living microbes whose presence in food has beneficial effects for the host by improving the digestive system's microbial flora. Bacterial encapsulation safeguards delicate bacteria from adverse conditions and enhances their stability. Hence, the aim of this research was to isolate resistant <em>Bacillus mojavensis</em> as a probiotic from North East Tehran soil and encapsulated using sodium alginate for increasing its stability. In this study, five soil samples from Jamshidiyeh Park were taken randomly. The soil samples were tested using the serial dilution preparation method and heat treatment to isolate the <em>Bacillus</em> genus exclusively. Following the purification of grown colonies and spore staining, catalase and oxidase tests were performed to confirm the genus of <em>Bacillus</em> sp., and then tests such as acid resistance, salt, bile salt test, and antibiotic resistance were performed to confirm the probiotics of the purified species. In order to determine more precisely the superior genus and species with probiotic characteristics, molecular identification (sequencing 16srRNA) was performed. Next, sodium alginate was used to encapsulate the <em>Bacillus</em> strain. Confirmatory analyzes of microcapsule formation, including photography with an SEM electron microscope and using DLS analysis, were performed to check the confirmation of microcapsule formation, particle size, microcapsule counting, and stability. Overall, we isolated 33 g-positive <em>Bacillus</em> sp., of which 7 strains showed probiotic properties. Ultimately, we selected the strain named (ZK)1 as the indicator strain, exhibiting all probiotic properties. With a 99.8 % similarity rate, 16-srRNA sequencing showed that the target strain belonged to the genus and species <em>Bacillus mojavensis</em> MK764986. The microencapsulation with sodium alginate results confirmed the cells were between 5 and 12 micrometers across and spread out evenly. The study's findings indicated that the country's native soil ecosystem and the <em>Bacillus</em> strains isolated from it serve as a suitable source for the production and introduction of valuable, non-pathogenic native bacteria, serving as a new source of probiotic bacteria. In this research, we found that encapsulated <em>Bacillus</em> sp. can be used in food and pharmaceutical products after proving their probiotic properties because of advantages such as high shelf life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of Marek’s disease virus in Turkeys: Kerala, India","authors":"V. Niranjana ,&nbsp;P.M. Priya ,&nbsp;Surya Sankar ,&nbsp;K. Vinod Kumar ,&nbsp;Lina Kunjamma Mathews ,&nbsp;Sradha Dineshkumar ,&nbsp;S. Raju","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing prevalence of Marek's disease (MD) in turkeys poses a significant threat to the poultry industry, necessitating efficient and reliable methods for identifying virulent strains. This study focuses on evaluating molecular techniques as a practical alternative to traditional pathotyping assays, which are often time-consuming and labour-intensive. By analysing critical genetic markers such as <em>meq</em>, <em>vIL-8</em>, <em>pp38</em> and the 132 bp repeats in the <em>Bam</em>H1-H region of MDV genome, the research aims to accurately determine the pathotypes of Marek's disease virus (MDV) responsible for recent outbreaks in turkeys in Kerala. A total of 129 clinical samples were screened using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), out of which 27 tissue specimens tested positive for MDV. Pathotype marker genes were identified in all positive samples, and they revealed mutations characteristic of v and vv pathotypes, but not of the vv+ pathotype. Additionally, double 132 bp repeats were identified, a feature known to be characteristic of pathogenic strains. These findings suggest that the outbreak may be caused by v or vv pathotypes, with no indication that the virus has evolved into the more virulent vv+ pathotype. It also explores the genetic diversity of MDV through phylogenetic analysis, providing insights into the virus's evolution and adaptation. The study forms the first report on molecular characterisation and phylogenetic analysis of MDV in turkeys in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systems pharmacology framework for developing Ayurveda herbal formulations against COVID-19","authors":"L. Thamanna,&nbsp;S. Saranya,&nbsp;P. Chellapandi","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional Ayurvedic formulations have demonstrated therapeutic potential in alleviating COVID-19 symptoms; however, their multitarget mechanisms remain insufficiently characterized. In this study, a comprehensive systems pharmacology framework was developed to unravel the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic relevance of six Ayurvedic formulations clinically used against SARS-CoV-2. A multi-layered interactome was constructed by integrating virus–host-microbiota interactions, phytochemical constituents, and their medicinal plant origins. Bioactive compounds were filtered based on ADME parameters (oral bioavailability ≥30 %, drug-likeness ≥0.18), and their targets were predicted using STITCH, followed by molecular docking against key SARS-CoV-2 proteins (3CLpro, PLpro, and RdRp). The resulting network comprised 2315 nodes and 3859 edges, mapping 159 compounds to 1494 human targets. Functional enrichment revealed significant associations with lipid metabolism (<em>p</em> = 1.8 × 10⁻⁵), inflammation (<em>p</em> = 6.1 × 10⁻⁶), and immune regulatory pathways involving IL-10 and TBK1. Docking simulations identified 44 phytochemicals from 22 plants with strong binding affinities (ΔG = –7.5 to –9.2 kcal/mol) to viral proteins. Among them, <em>Zingiber officinale</em> emerged as the top-ranked herb, contributing 12 bioactive compounds, including 6-shogaol, 6-gingerol, curcumin, and rutin, which modulate both viral and host targets, such as SCARB1<em>,</em> COMT<em>,</em> and GNB1. The ADME evaluation further validated compounds such as apigenin, piperine, and ferulic acid for their high gastrointestinal absorption (&gt;85 %) and drug-likeness, supporting the viability of oral formulations. Overall, this integrative framework highlights <em>Z. officinale</em>, <em>Ocimum sanctum</em>, <em>Pterocarpus marsupium</em>, and <em>Momordica charantia</em>as key candidates for multicomponent COVID-19 therapy and provides a mechanistic foundation for their advancement into preclinical and clinical research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycelium-based bioproducts: A novel material for a sustainable economy – A comprehensive review","authors":"Rahim Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The biodesign and biofabrication of biomaterials from lignocellulosic plant residues self-generated by fungal mycelium have emerged as a new material culture in the past two decades. This new material culture is based on alternative manufacturing paradigms that prioritize making new materials instead of extracting them. This culture integrates the basic principles of the circular economy and material biotechnology, ensuring their susceptibility to biodegradation and returning to their original state. Its implementation in manufacturing sectors aims to compete with animal-based leather, materials, and petrochemical products while promoting sustainable protein foods, reducing global environmental impact. This review explores the molecular and global aspects of new mycelial culture, focusing on the morphogenesis, chemical composition, and cellular integrity of fungi. It discusses the extracellular multienzymatic systems for lignocellulose degradation, the main substrates used, biomaterials developed from mycelium, biotextiles, materials, packaging and insulation products, new food sources, and art and architectural design. The review also highlights the current state of the art of the avant-garde companies promoting a circular economy based on fungal mycelium, replacing fossil resources with environmentally friendly materials, generating sustainable production cycles with low energy demand and environmental impacts, and promoting a new material consciousness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review on biofilm-associated infections: Mechanisms, diagnostic challenges, and innovative therapeutic strategies","authors":"Oussama Grari ,&nbsp;Said Ezrari ,&nbsp;Imane El Yandouzi ,&nbsp;Elmostapha Benaissa ,&nbsp;Yassine Ben Lahlou ,&nbsp;Mohammed Lahmer ,&nbsp;Abderrazak Saddari ,&nbsp;Mostafa Elouennass ,&nbsp;Adil Maleb","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biofilms are structured microbial communities that form on biotic or abiotic surfaces. They are encased in a self-produced extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix, which allows them to persist, resist antibiotics, and evade the host immune system. Biofilm development is linked to persistent and recurrent infections, including those related to implanted medical devices, wounds, the urinary tract, the respiratory system, and the gastrointestinal tract. Bacteria within biofilms display unique phenotypes compared to their planktonic forms, including changes in gene expression, growth patterns, and metabolic processes, further complicating treatment. Understanding how biofilms develop and are regulated, along with their impact on antimicrobial resistance, is crucial for developing effective approaches to manage and treat biofilm-associated infections. This review examines the existing knowledge about biofilms in human infections, focusing on their formation, structure, and role in antimicrobial resistance and immune evasion. We analyze diagnostic and treatment challenges, explore recent advances in detection and characterization techniques, and discuss novel therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their role in plant disease control: A state-of-the-art","authors":"Abdelaaziz Farhaoui ,&nbsp;Mohammed Taoussi ,&nbsp;Salah-Eddine Laasli ,&nbsp;Ikram Legrifi ,&nbsp;Nizar El Mazouni ,&nbsp;Abdelilah Meddich ,&nbsp;Mohamed Hijri ,&nbsp;Rachid Lahlali","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in plant health and growth by forming symbiotic relationships with most vascular plant species. Beyond their well-documented contributions to nutrient uptake and resilience to various stresses, AMF have been shown to protect plants from phytopathogen attacks, offering an ecological alternative to conventional pesticide-based approaches. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the environmental and biological characteristics of AMF, with a focus on their multifunctional mechanisms for phytopathogen control. These mechanisms include competition with soil-borne pathogens, modulation of plant immune responses through induced systemic resistance (ISR), and shifts in the taxonomic and functional diversity and composition of the soil and root microbiomes. By stimulating plant defenses, producing antimicrobial metabolites, and optimizing root architecture, AMF play an important role in protecting plants against a wide range of fungal, bacterial, viral, and nematode phytopathogens. Furthermore, this review explores the role of AMF in improving soil health, a key factor in sustainable disease management, by influencing soil characteristics, nutrient cycling, and microbial activity. The integration of AMF into sustainable agricultural practices, such as no-till farming, organic farming, and biological control inoculants, is also discussed. However, challenges remain regarding their variable field efficacy and the costs associated with large-scale production and formulation of AMF-based products. Further research on OMICS technologies related to AMF is essential to harness their potential as bioagents. A comprehensive understanding of the relationships between plants, AMF, microbiomes, and phytopathogens is critical for advancing sustainable and ecological agriculture systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Escherichia coli in dressed broiler chickens in Sokoto metropolis","authors":"Mukhtar Kabir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Sanusi Yahaya ,&nbsp;Abdulbariu Ogirima Uhuami ,&nbsp;Yusuf Yakubu ,&nbsp;Abdurrahman Hassan Jibril","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chickens are a key source of meat in Sokoto, Nigeria. However, excessive antibiotic use in poultry farming has led to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in <em>Escherichia coli</em>, which can acquire Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) resistance genes. This study investigates the molecular prevalence of ESBL-producing <em>E. coli</em> in dressed broiler chickens sold in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect 165 carcass rinsate samples from broiler chickens using systematic random sampling. <em>E. coli</em> was isolated through culture on MacConkey and Eosin Methylene Blue agar, followed by biochemical characterization using IMViC tests. Molecular confirmation of <em>E. coli</em> was performed by PCR targeting the <em>uidA</em> gene. Confirmed <em>E.coli</em> were subjected phenotypic screening for the production of ESBL using the Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST). Isolates that were phenotypically ESBL producers were subjected to PCR detection of <em>bla</em>_TEM, <em>bla</em>_SHV, and <em>bla</em>_CTX-M resistance genes. Phenotypic screening for ESBL production found 10 cephalosporin-resistant isolates, all of which tested positive using the DDST. Molecular analysis revealed ESBL genes in 33.3 % (9/27) of isolates, with <em>bla</em>_TEM detected in 8 (29.6 %), and <em>bla</em>_SHV and <em>bla</em>_CTX-M in 3 (11.1 %) respectively. One isolate harbored all three genes, three harbored two, and five contained only one type of ESBL gene. The identification of ESBL producing <em>E. coli</em> in poultry that is ready for the market emphasizes the urgent need for molecular surveillance, more stringent laws governing the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry, and greater public education in order to reduce the risks of AMR in food systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current update on the antibiotic resistance profile and the emergence of colistin resistance in Enterobacter isolates from hospital-acquired infections","authors":"Srishti Singh ,&nbsp;Alok Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Sudhir Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Virendra Bahadur Yadav ,&nbsp;Akshay Kumar ,&nbsp;Gopal Nath","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Bacterial pathogens are becoming a growing concern as antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative bacteria rises globally. The gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, <em>Enterobacter</em> is a nosocomial pathogen, having ubiquitous distribution in natural environments, including sewage and dairy products. These bacteria increasingly exhibit a multidrug resistance phenotype, thus becoming resilient to available treatment therapies. The fact mentioned above has resulted in them being included in the “ESKAPE” group of opportunistic pathogens, which represents a group for which no effective therapeutic options would be available in a given scenario. So, this study aimed to identify antibiotic resistance patterns in <em>Enterobacter</em> species collected from the bacteriological section of the Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Fifty-one isolates were collected from clinical samples, including urine, pus, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, sputum, and stool. All isolates were phenotypically identified using VITEK-2 automated systems (ID GNB cards). Additionally, the isolates were genotypically characterised with species-specific primers via PCR, and whole genome sequencing was performed for two isolates, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Concurrently, broth dilution methods were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) according to CLSI 2020 guidelines. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) was calculated by dividing the number of drugs to which the bacterial isolate is resistant by the total number of antibiotics used in the experiment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The highest resistance rates were observed against levofloxacin (94 %), ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin, with 92 % (47/51) of isolates demonstrating resistance. Cefazolin also exhibited a high resistance rate, with 82 % (42/51) of resistant isolates. Notably, 96.07 % of isolates showed a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index greater than 0.2, indicating a significant burden of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, 21.56 % had an index greater than 1.0, indicating resistance to all antibiotics tested.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This paper highlights the latest information regarding drug resistance patterns in <em>Enterobacter</em> isolates. The last resort for treating gram-negative bacteria is increasingly losing its effectiveness due to the emergence of colistin-resistant strains. Therefore, alternative therapies, such as phage treatment or other antimicrobial agents, must be developed to combat these superbugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiofilm activity of green-synthesised ZnO quantum dots by Tinospora cordifolia against modeled biofilm forming organisms","authors":"Rupsa Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;Avijit Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Ashmita Samanta ,&nbsp;Debasmita Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;Moupriya Nag ,&nbsp;Dibyajit Lahiri ,&nbsp;Soumyadeep Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Soumyajit Chandra ,&nbsp;Soumya Pandit","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biofilms are a group of syntrophic microbial associations that adhere to biotic and abiotic surfaces with the help of self-secreted extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The EPS not only provides nourishment to the sessile micro-colonies but also prevents the penetration of drugs, resulting in the development of multi-drug resistance. Thus, to combat such a condition, the use of Zinc Oxide Quantum Dots (ZnO QDs) derived from the leaf extract of <em>Tinospora cordifolia</em> as an alternative therapeutic. Biofilm inhibition assay of ZnO QDs using crystal violet assay had demonstrated effective inhibition against biofilm formation, at concentrations between 50 µg/ml and 75 µg/ml. Further antioxidant potential of ZnO QDs was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, showing an IC₅₀ of 0.65 mg/ml, surpassing that of the plant extract alone. Importantly, these ZnO QDs significantly reduced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) components, including carbohydrates, proteins, and eDNA, which is crucial for biofilm stability. Additionally, the non-phytotoxicity ability of ZnO QDs has been displayed by plant seed germination tests, indicating its environmental friendliness. The study also revealed that ZnO QDs could penetrate biofilms, leading to substantial reductions in genomic DNA and RNA content in several bacterial strains. Chemotaxis assays with <em>Poecilia sphenops</em> indicated changes in behaviour and cellular integrity in response to varying ZnO QD concentrations. Lastly, ZnO QDs exhibited quorum-sensing inhibition by reducing auto-inducer levels and elastase activity, suggesting their potential antimicrobial activity as compared with conventional antibiotics. Together, these findings not only reflect the multifaceted antimicrobial performance of ZnO QDs but also the environmental compatibility and biosafety of these materials, making them highly applicable to future biomedical and ecological purposes</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharides from marine cyanobacteria","authors":"Pinaki Hazra ,&nbsp;Sahana Ghosh ,&nbsp;Puspita Roy ,&nbsp;Debopam Sinha ,&nbsp;Gargi Saha Kesh","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With increasing evidence, it is suggested that oxidative damage to cell machinery by unessential formation of oxygen free radicals in excess has a significant role in many human diseases. Natural products with antioxidant properties have capability to reduce their generation or at the minimum stop their advancement and metastasis in the organism. Extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) from cyanobacteria possess commercially noteworthy physiological and therapeutic properties. This significant group of biomolecules demonstrate ability to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are formed inside our body by a variety of metabolic reactions.</div><div>The current study deals with the <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant potential of EPS isolated from two halophilic marine cyanobacteria from Sundarbans, namely <em>Oxynema aestuarii</em> AP24 and <em>Euryhalinema mangrovii</em> AP9F. A maximum concentrations of 0.1405 gm /100 ml and 0.1072 gm /100 ml of EPS were obtained from AP24 and AP9F, respectively. Total carbohydrate and protein were estimated from the crude EPS. The water holding capacity of the EPS from AP 24 &amp; AP9F were 189 % and 217 %, respectively. Oil holding capacity of EPS from AP24 was 103 % and AP 9 F was 204.5 %. 50 mg/ml of EPS from AP24 and AP9F showed 76 % and 64 % flocculating activity respectively. In a comparable assay, ascorbic acid as standard reference compound has IC50 (DPPH scavenging activity) value of 391.85 µg/ml and IC50 value of EPS from AP24 is 564<span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>1.393</mn></mrow></math></span>μg/ml &amp; IC50 value of EPS from AP9F is 769.01<span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span>1.759 μg/ml. IC50 (Hydrogen Peroxide scavenging activity) values for EPS from AP24 and AP9F were 857.6<span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span>1.035 µg/ml and 1003<span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>1.126</mn></mrow></math></span> µg/ml where as for ascorbic acid it was 492.99<span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span>1.117 µg/ml. Reducing power of EPS from AP24 &amp; AP9F showed a comparable value with respect to ascorbic acid standard and demonstrated increase with increasing concentration. Certain spectral features from FTIR spectroscopy collectively confirm the formation of exopolysaccharides in the cyanobacterial extract.</div><div>Different methods have been used to elucidate the antioxidant capacity of the exopolysaccharides extracted from AP24 &amp; AP9F. In this paper, the detailed study of the EPS from both the strain will add significant value in the research field of bioactive compounds of cyanobacteria in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}