The Microbe最新文献

{"title":"Harnessing next-generation sequencing to monitor unculturable pathogenic bacteria in the indoor hospital building","authors":"Nor Husna Mat Hussin ,&nbsp;Darren Dean Tay ,&nbsp;Ummu Afeera Zainulabid ,&nbsp;Mohd Norhafsam Maghpor ,&nbsp;Hajar Fauzan Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hospital indoor air microbiome, a diverse range of microorganisms, gains prominence amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Elevated awareness underscores implications for patient and staff well-being. Concerns about risks to indoor air quality persist due to prolonged indoor exposure, necessitating further research on specific threats within the hospital environment. In this study, an independent culture-based approach was used to analyze the baseline core microbiome present in hospital environments, utilizing amplicon sequencing on the next-generation sequencing technology to target the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the main bacterial phyla that were most isolated from the wards and clinics with different orders of abundance; Firmicutes being associated more in clinics and Actinobacteriota in wards. The bacteria <em>Niallia taxi</em>, <em>Methyloversatilis universalis,</em> unclassified <em>Rummeliibacillus</em>, unclassified <em>Clostridium</em>, and unclassified <em>Sphingomonadaceae</em> dominated the clinic area while ward areas reported <em>Pseudonocardia bannensis</em>, <em>Rubrobacter aplysinae</em>, unclassified <em>Brachybacterium</em>, unclassified <em>Bradyrhizobium</em>, and unclassified <em>Mycobacterium</em> to be the top five features. While the alpha-diversity index showed no significant differences, the beta-diversity analysis showed a significant difference between clinic and ward areas (p&lt;0.05). Certain bacterial species associated with opportunistic pathogens as well as normal skin flora such as <em>Methylobacterium</em> spp<em>.</em>, <em>Cutibacterium</em> spp<em>.</em>, unclassified <em>Sphingomonadaceae</em>, and <em>Anoxybacillus B</em> spp., were also identified across all samples. The methods described in this research aim to establish a rapid and sensitive screening process that could be valuable for disease surveillance within the healthcare setting, shedding light on the potential impacts of the hospital microbiome on human illness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194624001304/pdfft?md5=e72adda8a4fc59760f23766e8e9a4d50&pid=1-s2.0-S2950194624001304-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post COVID-19 and fungal pathogens coinfection in Africa – Current status and future direction","authors":"Chibuike Ibe ,&nbsp;Akaninyene Asuquo Otu","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>COVID-19 is no longer a PHEIC, though this comes with a long-term plan to manage the disease through vaccination. COVID-19 almost left behind a new form of disease, the post-acute sequelae (long COVID) which is evolving to likely pose a healthcare challenge. Currently, Africa is yet to understand the prevalence and nature of long COVID, as well as best practices in the diagnosis, treatment and control and the impact on the prevalence and management of fungal infections. It is not clear to what extent it is affecting the lives of Africans., Therefore, more research is needed to understand the pathogenesis of long COVID and the burden of fungal coinfections to help establish efficient management approaches before this evolves into a serious healthcare concern.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194624001195/pdfft?md5=c303990fb23a599fa0d06c1e94a701e0&pid=1-s2.0-S2950194624001195-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foliar application of microbial nano-selenium enhances selenium uptake and alleviates oxidative stress","authors":"Fang Ma ,&nbsp;Lichen Yang ,&nbsp;Tiantian Zhao ,&nbsp;Yongqiang Yuan ,&nbsp;Shixue Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient to humans and animals in diet primarily from edible crops. However, limited studies have been conducted on applying microbially synthesized Se nanoparticles (BioSeNPs) to affect plant Se uptake and toxicity. The bacterium <em>Bacillus wiedmannii</em> ES2–45 was able to efficiently produce BioSeNPs by completely reducing 5 mM selenite [Se(IV)] within 24 h. Then, fermented BioSeNPs were sprayed on the leaf surface of <em>Brassica rapa</em> L to investigate their effects on growth and Se accumulation. Total Se and leaf biomass increased significantly by 124 % and 14.3 % respectively in the BioSeNP treatment compared to the Se(IV) treatment. The Se(VI) treatment was found to be toxic to the leaves although Se(VI) had similar effects to BioSeNP treatments. Notably, BioSeNP treatment significantly increased the plant’s ability to alleviate oxidative stress including levels of chlorophyll, malonaldehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT) (<em>P&lt;</em>0.05). In conclusion, the foliar application of BioSeNPs is a promising strategy to improve the Se content of vegetables and alleviate Se-induced oxidative stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194624001146/pdfft?md5=650e3ac1cd071f5829d88e42fe926106&pid=1-s2.0-S2950194624001146-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the functional and genomic features of Cellulophaga lytica NFXS1, a zeaxanthin and lytic enzyme-producing marine bacterium that promotes microalgae growth","authors":"Constança D.F. Bertrand ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Martins ,&nbsp;Francisco Quintas-Nunes ,&nbsp;Pedro Reynolds-Brandão ,&nbsp;Maria T. Barreto Crespo ,&nbsp;Francisco X. Nascimento","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Beneficial microalgae-bacteria interactions mediate important marine ecological processes and present potential for exploitation in the industrial production of microalgae. Members of the bacterial genus <em>Cellulophaga</em> are known for their ability to interact with several marine organisms, including microalgae, however, not much is understood about their properties. In this work we present the detailed characterization of the marine bacterium, <em>Cellulophaga lytica</em> NFXS1, including its ability to synthesize valuable compounds such as zeaxanthin, its ability to modulate the growth and productivity of two relevant marine microalgae, <em>Nannochloropsis oceanica</em> and <em>Phaeodactylum tricornutum,</em> and the analysis of its complete genome sequence. The obtained results showed that <em>C. lytica</em> NFXS1 used several complex carbohydrates, indicating strong lytic enzymatic activities. Additionally, co-cultivation studies revealed that <em>C. lytica</em> NFXS1 colonized the microalgae phycosphere, catabolized microalgae exudates, promoted the growth of microalgae, and increased fucoxanthin productivity in <em>P. tricornutum</em>. Genomic analysis revealed the basis for the microalgae growth-promoting activities of strain NFXS1, which are mostly mediated by gliding motility, biofilm formation, biosynthesis of phytohormones (auxins, cytokinins), polyamine biosynthesis, and resistance to oxidative stress induced by zeaxanthin production and ROS detoxifying enzymes. A vast array of genes encoding glycosyl hydrolases and pectate lyase family enzymes were also found in the NFXS1 chromosome. Overall, these findings brought new information regarding the properties of <em>C. lytica</em> NFXS1, which can be used as a model organism to study microalgae-bacteria interactions and is a strong candidate for the development of a wide range of marine biotechnological solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194624001092/pdfft?md5=d7ada724bb02a625f59d1eb11617edbc&pid=1-s2.0-S2950194624001092-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and ecology of deadwood-inhabiting mushrooms in Yankari Game Reserve, North-East Nigeria","authors":"Toma Buba ,&nbsp;Fatima Aliyu Deba ,&nbsp;Naziru Zakari Muhammad ,&nbsp;Sanusi Adamu","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the diversity and ecology of deadwood-inhabiting mushrooms in Yankari Game Reserve. Stratified random sampling was used for the data collection. A total of 23 different mushroom species belonging to 12 different families were found growing on deadwood in the study area, with Polyporaceae and Hymenochaetaceae as the most dominant mushroom families. The distribution, composition, and diversity of the different mushroom species differed according to their local habitats, growth substrate and tree species. The habitats with the highest mushroom species diversity were the <em>Lowland Combretaceous Woodland</em>, <em>Pteleopsis</em> habeensis <em>Woodland</em>. Their Shannon Index (H′) values were 2.31 and 1.96 respectively, and Simpson Index (D) values were 6.81 and 4.74, respectively. Their mushroom abundance was significantly (α = 0.05, <em>p</em> = 0.00) higher than that of <em>Afzelia africana Woodland</em> and <em>Upland Combretaceous Woodland.</em> The Main Trunk was the growth substrate with the highest H′ and D, which were 2.11 and 6.32, respectively; while the Branch had a significantly (α = 0.05, <em>p</em> = 0.00) higher abundance of mushrooms than the soil. <em>Pteleopsis habeensis</em> was the tree species that had the highest mushroom species richness and abundance with H′ (2.06) and D (5.07). The <em>P. habeensis</em> had significantly (α = 0.05, <em>p</em> = 0.00) higher mushroom abundance than all the rest of the thirteen different tree species. <em>Trametes pubescens</em> was the most abundant mushroom species, which was significantly (α = 0.05, <em>p</em> = 0.00) higher than the abundance of 10 species other mushroom species found in the study area. The result of this study can help forest managers conserve the diversity of deadwood-inhabiting mushrooms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194624001079/pdfft?md5=0a90c9a34bc9cfa0f9a3d88f24eb6f52&pid=1-s2.0-S2950194624001079-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142020430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BARC Biostimulant 1, a novel Streptomyces rochei C3-based formulation for disease biocontrol and plant growth promotion","authors":"Darshana Salaskar ,&nbsp;Nilima Karmakar ,&nbsp;Manish Kumar ,&nbsp;Desh Raj Chaudhary ,&nbsp;Shivam Sharma ,&nbsp;Nayan Kishor Adhikary ,&nbsp;Shivangi Sunilkumar Kansara ,&nbsp;Nasiruddin Shaikh ,&nbsp;Kaushik Banerjee ,&nbsp;Ravindra Bansal ,&nbsp;Poulomi Mukherjee ,&nbsp;Prasun K. Mukherjee","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Pythium aphanidermatum</em> is a very destructive plant pathogen causing damping-off disease of vegetable seedlings in nurseries. In addition, this plant pathogenic oomycete causes seed, stem and rhizome rot, as well as post-harvest diseases. Currently, the disease management relies heavily on high dosages of chemicals like metalaxyl and copper oxychloride biocides, which are not only expensive, but are hazardous to the ecosystem. In our quest for developing a disease management strategy that is economical and safe, we isolated a strain of an actinobacterium that is highly inhibitory to <em>P. aphanidermatum</em>, the major cause of damping-off disease<em>.</em> Based on morphology and 16S rRNA sequence analysis, we identified this isolate as <em>Streptomyces rochei</em>. Using an LC-MS/MS analysis, the inhibitory principle has been tentatively identified as (4 S)-4,5-dihydro-4-hydroxygeldanamycin.We developed a novel formulation “BARC Biostimulant 1” using split tamarind seeds as a substrate and talcum powder as a carrier and <em>S. rochei</em> as the active ingredient. In <em>P. aphanidermatum</em>-infested soil, seed treatment and drenching resulted in about 50 % improvement in germination in greenhouse assay and protected field experiments. Under open field conditions, the germination improved to the extent of 20 %. In addition to suppression of the disease, the formulation also improved plant growth parameters like weight and height of seedlings, and induced defense responses. We further undertook multi-location replicated field trials to evaluate this purely organic formulation as a biostimulant across four states of India. Seed treatment with BARC Biostimulant 1 at the rate of 5 g/ kg seeds enhanced germination of seedlings by 80 % and enhanced fresh weight by 105 % (average of four locations), indicating a good commercial potential of this formulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194624001134/pdfft?md5=5c4cd988c9262d5562424e76cbd1661d&pid=1-s2.0-S2950194624001134-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Global Surge of Mpox (Monkeypox): A comprehensive review of current evidence","authors":"Phelipe Magalhães Duarte ,&nbsp;Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola ,&nbsp;Swagatika Priyadarsini ,&nbsp;Rohit Singh ,&nbsp;Mohamed N.F. Shaheen ,&nbsp;Oluwaseun Adeolu Ogundijo ,&nbsp;Bashar Haruna Gulumbe ,&nbsp;Mohamed Lounis ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Samir ,&nbsp;Karthikeyan Govindan ,&nbsp;Odunola Sefiyat Adebiyi ,&nbsp;Godfred Yawson Scott ,&nbsp;Parsa Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Vahid Mahmoodi ,&nbsp;Hanie Chogan ,&nbsp;Salim Gholami ,&nbsp;Omid Shirazi ,&nbsp;Shervin Khalilzadeh Moghadam ,&nbsp;Niloofer Jafari ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Shahabinejad ,&nbsp;Sina Salajegheh Tazerji","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Monkeypox, now named mpox, has emerged as a significant public threat, as evidenced by the 2022 outbreak affecting over seventy countries globally. This infectious disease presents debilitating symptoms, including painful skin rashes, mucosal lesions, enlarged lymph nodes, and fever. The situation intensifies with concerns about a novel transmission route, specifically through sexual contact, and the evolution of more transmissible strains. Complicating matters further is the documented spillback of mpox from humans to animals, raising the potential for new animal reservoirs. This study utilized a systematic approach to gather, analyse, and interpret data regarding global mpox outbreaks, phylogenomics, human APOBEC3 enzyme activity, antiviral resistance issues, and the application of the One Health intervention. Emphasizing a One Health approach covers various aspects, including zoonotic origins, pathogenesis, changing epidemiological landscapes, phylogenomic diversity, and clade dynamics. The review underscores the crucial role of global collaboration in understanding and combatting mpox and making it a valuable resource for shaping effective prevention and control measures on a global scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194624001080/pdfft?md5=405e21916230510d8082104b0430d57c&pid=1-s2.0-S2950194624001080-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization and validation of zinc solubilization potential of bacteria isolated from onion (Allium cepa L.) rhizosphere","authors":"Shivi Choudhary ,&nbsp;Baljeet Singh Saharan ,&nbsp;Rajesh Gera ,&nbsp;Shubham Kumar ,&nbsp;Minakshi Prasad ,&nbsp;Anshika Gupta ,&nbsp;Joginder Singh Duhan","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Zinc (Zn) is essential for optimal plant growth and nutrition, while zinc-solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) enhance plant accessibility to zinc by converting its insoluble forms into usable ones. The primary objective of this research was to isolate and identify Zn-solubilizing strains from the onion rhizosphere and evaluate their ability to solubilize different insoluble Zn compounds, including ZnO, ZnCO₃, and Zn₃(PO₄)₂. Of the nineteen bacterial isolates retrieved, fifteen demonstrated the ability to solubilize inorganic Zn compounds based on plate assay techniques. The Zn-solubilizing bacterial strains, selected for their qualitative properties, underwent quantitative testing in broth culture using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (FE-SEM-EDS). Seven bacterial isolates with a high capacity to solubilize Zn were identified based on 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequence analysis. These isolates were affiliated with <em>Pantoea eucrina, Pantoea dispersa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus velezensis,</em> and <em>Pseudomonas fluorescens</em>. Notably, this study is the first to report the potential of <em>Pantoea eucrina</em> as a ZSB. The strain <em>Pantoea eucrina</em> ZSC9 exhibited the maximum Zn solubilization index (8.85) and the highest soluble Zn content (624 mg L⁻¹) among the three insoluble Zn compounds, with ZnO being the most effectively solubilized on the 10th day of incubation in ZnO-enriched basal medium. All bacterial isolates were more effective at solubilizing ZnO than ZnCO₃ and Zn₃(PO₄)₂, and this solubilization led to a significant drop in the pH of the broth. <em>Pantoea eucrina</em> ZSC9 showed the maximum pH reduction (3.82) in a ZnO-supplemented medium, indicating a negative correlation between broth pH and Zn solubilization. Seven selected ZSB strains were assessed for their potential to enhance onion growth under pot house conditions. The results showed that inoculating onion seedlings with these ZSB strains significantly improved their growth. Among the strains tested, ZSC9, ZSC10, and ZSC17 were the most effective, enhancing growth attributes such as plant height, bulb diameter, fresh and dry weight of bulbs, Zn uptake by the plant, and overall bulb yield compared to other strains. These findings suggest that these ZSB isolates have great potential as biofertilizers to enhance plant growth and development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194624001122/pdfft?md5=cfff8154d089dc6d2ed7a9e5f83d5f94&pid=1-s2.0-S2950194624001122-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic fungi of spurred mangrove, Ceriops tagal and its bioactivity potential: Predominance of Aspergillus species and its ecological significance","authors":"Revathy M.R.,&nbsp;Anjali S. Mohan,&nbsp;Dhanya Kesavan,&nbsp;Manomi Sarasan,&nbsp;Rosamma Philip","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fungal endophytes were isolated from the leaves of spurred mangrove, <em>Ceriops tagal</em> and the isolation frequency was found to be 11.66 %. The endophytes were identified by both morphological and molecular methods. A total of 106 endophytic fungi were isolated with the majority (96 %) belonging to the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota constituted only 4 % of the total isolates. Within Ascomycota, three classes (Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Saccharomycetes) and 4 orders were observed. In Basidiomycota only agaricomycetes was obtained. <em>Aspergillus</em> (58 %) was the dominant genus, followed by <em>Penicillium</em> (20 %)<em>, Colletotrichum</em> (9 %), and <em>Schizophyllum</em> (6 %). Notably, <em>Aspergillus sydowii</em> (35 %) was the predominant endophytic fungus in <em>C. tagal</em>. The colonization frequency was highest for <em>Aspergillus sydowii</em> (4.1 %) followed by <em>Penicillium citrinum</em> (3 %) and <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> (2.3 %). In total, 11 endophytic fungal species were identified from <em>C. tagal</em>. The isolates exhibited noteworthy hydrolytic enzyme production and antimicrobial properties, suggesting their suitability for potential applications as bioremediators and antimicrobials in aquaculture and medicine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194624001110/pdfft?md5=8e06ab07ffc24fc3b7003dd88c0c5e9f&pid=1-s2.0-S2950194624001110-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142020429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer-aided design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 4-chloro-N-(2-oxo-3-(2-pyridin-4-yl)hydrazineylidene)indolin-5yl)benzamide and 1-(4-bromobenzyl)-5-indoline-2,3-dione against SARS-CoV-2 spike/ACE2","authors":"Vanessa Asoh Shu ,&nbsp;Donatus Bekindaka Eni ,&nbsp;Mathieu J. Mbenga Tjegbe ,&nbsp;Ian Tietjen ,&nbsp;Joel Cassel ,&nbsp;Joseph Salvino ,&nbsp;Fidele Ntie-Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a global threat has driven the urgent need for the identification of bioactive molecules capable of controlling or completely eradicating this virus. Our group has been investigating isatin hybrids that block the binding of the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the viral spike protein. This work describes the synthesis and biological evaluation of two derivatives of isatin (indol-2,3-dione) based on a computational approach. Isatin, a secondary metabolite of tryptophan, has been used as the core structure and is a versatile and favorable precursor and as a privileged scaffold against this enzyme complex. The new compound scaffolds <strong>AVS-01</strong> and <strong>AVS-02</strong> were designed by modifications at the C-3 and N-1 positions, respectively, according to the various reagents available in our lab. Molecular docking of the designed compounds was used to explore their interactions with the target protein complex. The two designed compound scaffolds shown in this article showed quite distinct docking glide scores (GScore = −3.657 and −4.534 for <strong>AVS-01</strong> and <strong>AVS-02</strong>, respectively). Several analogs were synthesized and tested in the quest to find a plausible scaffold for further synthesis. While compound <strong>AVS-02</strong> showed inhibition of spike/ACE2 binding with an IC₅₀ value of 8.8 µM, the reference compound hopeaphenol inhibited the interaction with an IC₅₀ of 0.3 µM. Compound <strong>AVS-01</strong> rather showed no inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 spike/host ACE2 interaction with an IC₅₀ &gt; 32 µM. An estimation of their binding free energy (ΔG_bind), and free energy of solvation (ΔG_solv) MM-GBSA calculations was carried out to re-evaluate the affinity to the target protein to gain further insights into the observed activity and non-activity. MM-GBSA calculation showed that ΔG_bind = −35.91 kcal/mol and-25.32 kcal/mol for <strong>AVS-01</strong> and <strong>AVS-02</strong>, respectively, and ΔG_solv = 25.56 kcal/mol and 16.92 kcal/mol for <strong>AVS-01</strong> and <strong>AVS-02</strong>, respectively. This leads to the conclusion that the N-1 position of the indole-2,3-dione moiety favors the blockage of SARS-CoV-2 spike/ACE2 interactions compared to the C-3 position. Analysis of GScores, per-residue interaction energies, and free energies of binding and solvation showed that van der Waals interactions should favor the binding towards the spike/ACE2 complex.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194624001109/pdfft?md5=a2e39802d19909a612fb9df7921258c3&pid=1-s2.0-S2950194624001109-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}