The Microbe最新文献

{"title":"Mucormycosis in the nasal cavity of a canary (Serinus canaria) caused by Lichtheimia corymbifera","authors":"S.I. Garijo ,&nbsp;M.A. Tizzano ,&nbsp;J.A. Origlia ,&nbsp;F.J. Reynaldi","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A canary (<em>Serinus canaria</em>) that was presented for consultation due to alterations in its beak and slight deterioration in its general condition, revealed during clinical examination the presence of a large rhinolith in the left nasal opening, which also had its margins markedly distended due to chronic lysis of its edges. The rhinolith was extracted but the bird died days later. Cytological evaluations and isolation in pure culture were carried out from the extracted rhinolith, all of whom supported the diagnosis of mucormycosis, which was later confirmed by molecular techniques. The product obtained by PCR was subsequently sequenced, resulting in a 98 % homology with <em>Lichteimia corymbifera.</em> Although mucormycosis affecting the nasal cavity has been diagnosed with some frequency in humans, it is reported for the first time in birds in the present work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological assessment of bioaerosols in the residential areas of Dhaka City, Bangladesh","authors":"Irana Mahjabeen ,&nbsp;Sharmin Zaman Emon ,&nbsp;Nishat Tasnim ,&nbsp;Shahid Akhtar Hossain ,&nbsp;Md.Anowar Hosen ,&nbsp;Md.Mominul Islam ,&nbsp;Muhammad Nurul Huda ,&nbsp;Md. Tanvir Ahmed Chowdhury","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study looked at particulate matter (PM10) in terms of its microbiological features and how bacterial populations are related to PM10. It also tested the antibiotic resistance of different types of microbes that live in PM10. We conducted the study in six different locations (Badda, Chittagong Road, Basabo, Jurain, Mirpur, and Gulshan) of Dhaka city, taking into account residential and commercially important areas, traffic congestion, and infrastructure development. The microbiological study revealed that Bacillus spp. and <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. were primarily present in PM10. The study also revealed that the total bacterial count (46585±1226.8 CFU/m³) of the Badda zone is higher than in another area. Similar findings were also observed in the case of Bacillus spp. (15625±5729 CFU/m³), <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. (18518±5730 CFU/m³), and total fungal count (726852± 98209 CFU/m³). Moreover, a positive correlation was observed among Bacillus spp. and <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. vs. mean PM10 concentration, which implies that airborne microbes in Dhaka city are likely to propagate with the increase of dust concentration. The antibiotic sensitivity assay of Bacillus spp. and <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. revealed that all the <em>Bacillus</em> spp. (n=16) and <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. (n=3) were resistant to Ceftazidime (30 µg), Oxacillin (1 µg) and Cefixime (5 µg). So, the research findings highlighted the increased levels of Bacillus spp. and <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. than the international standard in PM10 of Dhaka city, suggesting potential health risks and indicating antibiotic resistance among these bacterial strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaultheria procumbens essential oil longevity and oxidant/antioxidant status of silver catfish Rhamdia quelen experimentally infected by Aeromonas caviae","authors":"Camila Marina Verdi ,&nbsp;Matheus Dellaméa Baldissera ,&nbsp;Vanessa Schopf Machado ,&nbsp;Carine Freitas Milarch ,&nbsp;Eduardo Nascimento Correa de Andrade ,&nbsp;Gabrielle Aguiar Dantas ,&nbsp;Bernardo Baldisseroto ,&nbsp;Roberto Christ Vianna Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increase in bacterial resistance in animals and the buildup of antimicrobials in animal meat pose significant nutritional and economic challenges. Given this context, this study explored the potential of <em>Gaultheria procumbens</em> essential oil (GPEO) as a sustainable alternative for aquaculture, focusing on its effects against <em>Rhamdia quelen</em> infected with <em>Aeromonas caviae</em>. Longevity tests revealed that <em>R. quelen</em>, when treated with 5 and 10 µL/L of GPEO, displayed significantly improved survival rates compared to both the untreated infected control group and those treated with ethanol. To understand the mechanisms behind the increased survival, a subsequent experiment with a 10 µL/L GPEO treatment aimed to investigate the oxidative stress pathway. This involved measuring levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), alongside enzyme activities for superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase. Our findings showed elevated TBARS and ROS levels in the non-infected control group treated with GPEO, suggesting an increase in these enzymes as a response to ROS balance. Therefore, our data indicate that the mechanism leading to enhanced longevity in <em>R. quelen</em> infected and treated with GPEO does not involve the oxidative stress pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactobacillus fermentum SNR1: Probiotic efficiency and characterization of the antimicrobial peptide against dental caries and foodborne pathogens","authors":"Ayyanna Repally ,&nbsp;Esakkiraj Palanichamy ,&nbsp;Natwar Jha ,&nbsp;Arul Venkatesan ,&nbsp;Ankaiah Dasari","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, fermented rice gruel, a traditional food in South Telangana, India, was used as a source for the isolation of biologically significant probiotics. A total of 56 morphologically diverse strains were isolated and screened for their ability to inhibit dental biofilms as well as foodborne and aquaculture bacterial pathogens. Among these, isolate SNR1 was selected for further characterization due to its potential antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens such as <em>Streptococcus mutans, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> and <em>Salmonella typhi.</em> The results of 16S rDNA sequencing showed that isolate SNR1 was closely related to <em>Lactobacillus fermentum</em> strains from different sources. The bacteriocin peptide with potential activity was extracted and purified from the cell-free supernatant using ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel permeation chromatography and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and was named peptide SNR1. Tricine SDS-PAGE followed by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis revealed that the purified peptide had a molecular mass of 4.33 kDa, with the N-terminal sequence identified as MPTTSHFHLSPQGK. The purified peptide SNR1 showed good stability with various physiological enzymes, temperatures and pH conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An evolutionary perspective and its adaptation to the lung microenvironment","authors":"Satyendra Shukla ,&nbsp;Nitin Bhardwaj ,&nbsp;Ashutosh Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A highly specialized airborne human intracellular pathogen, <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (<em>Mtb</em>), causes the disease tuberculosis (TB), with one death per second and approximately 10 million cases per year worldwide. <em>Mtb</em> has emerged as a health risk due to its ability to adapt to drugs<em>.</em> The emergence of drug-resistant <em>Mtb</em> is affected by factors such as drug-resistant gene mutations, the efficacy of TB treatment, genetic background of the strain, and its ability to adapt to host and specific environmental conditions. Mutations in gene coding for drug targets are the evident reason for drug resistance and are believed to arise mainly through single-step chromosomal mutations, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and insertion-deletions. Stepwise fixation of mutations leads to acquired drug resistance, resulting in the gradual development of multiple types of drug-resistant <em>Mtb</em> strains. Approximately 25 % of the world population demonstrates some level of immunological response against <em>Mtb</em> infection that may remain dormant (TB infection) or develop into active disease (TB disease). The interaction of <em>Mtb</em> with the host during the early stages of infection can influence the disease outcome, driving the development of active, latent, or resistant TB. The adaptation of bacterial strains in the lung environment during the course of infection depends on their dynamic and unique cell envelope, their composition and metabolic responses in drug-resistant strains. Drug-susceptible and drug-resistant bacteria will adapt to the lung environment in distinct ways. In this review, we have explored the evolution of drug-resistant strains and their adaptation to the changing lung environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella from roasted meat (\"Suya\") sold in federal capital territory, Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"H. Dagah. ,&nbsp;J.A. Ameh ,&nbsp;S. Mailafia ,&nbsp;David Dalyop Dantong ,&nbsp;O.H. Onigbanjo ,&nbsp;C.I.C. Ifeanye ,&nbsp;B.J. Adeyemo","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Roasted meat (Suya) is a spicy traditional ready-to-eat stick meat produced mostly by the Hausas of the northern part of Nigeria. It is a major consumer’s fast-food sales along the streets, in clubs, houses, at picnics, parties, and restaurants. Salmonellosis is the most common foodborne infection caused by the genus <em>Salmonella</em> and a major public health concern worldwide. Antimicrobial-resistant <em>Salmonella</em> infections are one of the public health concerned responsible for increasing hospitalization rates, morbidity, and mortality due to the indiscriminate use of drugs; hence, the need to evaluate the antibiotic Susceptibility of the isolates. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and to assess antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of salmonella from roasted meat (\"Suya\") sold in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria. A total of 200 samples of roasted meat (Suya) from beef were collected using simple random sampling techniques between August and November 2022 from four out of six area councils of FCT and were analyzed for total aerobic bacteria count and <em>Salmonella</em> isolation using microbiological phenotypic methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using a disk diffusion assay. The total aerobic count ranges from 5.0 × 10⁴ to 2.05 × 10⁶ CFU/ml, while the prevalence of <em>Salmonella spp</em>. was 7 (3.5 %). The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that 14.3 % and 8.6 % of the isolates had susceptibility to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. However, non of the isolates was susceptible to streptomycin, augmentin, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, gentamicin, and septrin. The highest multiantibiotic resistance index (MARI) was 0.6, while the lowest MARI was 0.1. The highest multidrug resistance (MDR) recorded was 0.5, while the lowest MDR was 0.2. The detection of <em>Salmonella spp</em>. from Suya (“steak meat) in the FCT indicated a public health risk of spreading foodborne pathogens, and the MARI shows the potential burden of treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological potential of Curcuma longa endophytes","authors":"Garima Sharma ,&nbsp;Surbhi Agarwal ,&nbsp;Rashmi Bhardwaj ,&nbsp;Vitthal T. Barvkar ,&nbsp;Rucha C. Godbole ,&nbsp;Vinay Kumar ,&nbsp;Nandita Narayanasamy ,&nbsp;Vartika Mathur","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endophytes contribute to plant fitness and defence by producing bioactive secondary metabolites, which may be utilized in various industrial applications. We assessed the potential of bioactive compounds from the endophytes of <em>Curcuma longa</em> for therapeutic properties. We screened phytochemicals obtained from the <em>C. longa</em> endophytes for host-specific bioactive compounds which were also evaluated for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential. 59 endophytes were isolated from leaves and rhizome of <em>C. longa,</em> among which isolates <em>Fusarium fujikuroi</em> PCLCUT2 and <em>Bacillus pacificus</em> NCLALC2 showed significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. PCLCUT2 showed strong antioxidant potential (IC₅₀ 1.33 mg/mL) and the presence of compounds such as (-)-epicatechin and curcumin. <em>B. pacificus</em> NCLALC2 exhibited strong anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial potential (MIC 200 µg/L) against <em>Mycobacterium smegmatis.</em> NCLALC2 showed the presence of 12 potential bioactive compounds including Calicoferol D, terpinolene and alpha-phellandrene. With the presence of host-specific compounds, the two endophytes hold promising potential as cost-effective sources of bioactive metabolites for pharmacological applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenicity of psychrotolerant strains of Antarctic Pseudogmynoascus fungi reveals potential opportunistic profiles","authors":"Eldon Carlos Queres Gomes ,&nbsp;Vívian Nicolau Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Marliete Carvalho da Costa ,&nbsp;Gustavo José Cota de Freitas ,&nbsp;Daniel Assis Santos ,&nbsp;Susana Johann ,&nbsp;Jefferson Bruno Soares Oliveira ,&nbsp;Tatiane Alves da Paixão ,&nbsp;Peter Convey ,&nbsp;Luiz Henrique Rosa","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of fungal taxa in the extreme ecosystems of Antarctica that are known to opportunistically infect humans and animals. Among these are members of the genus <em>Pseudogymnoascus</em>, including some that are genetically similar to <em>P. destructans</em>, known to be pathogenic to bats. We evaluated the <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> pathogenic potential of 11 <em>Pseudogymnoascus</em> spp. strains recovered from Antarctica. All strains were able to grow at temperatures up to 28 °C and displayed <em>in vitro</em> pathogenicity through hemolytic activity, growth at different pH levels, production of hydrolytic enzymes, spore diameters, tolerance to oxidative stress, hypoxia, and halotolerance. Among them, <em>Pseudogymnoascus</em> sp. UFMG 8532 exhibited strong <em>in vitro</em> pathogenicity and in preliminary <em>in vivo</em> assay killed 100 % of <em>Tenebrio molitor</em> larvae within one day. The pathogenicity of the same strain was also tested using immunosuppressed BALB/c mouse models. Survival of BALB/c mice was affected, with oscillations between weight gain and loss, and impacts on sensory function, reflexes and autonomic function. Histopathological data from the organs of infected mice showed evidence of inflammatory processes, with numerous neutrophils, a small number of macrophages, fluid accumulation inside the lungs and intense hyperemia. Our results indicate that Antarctic <em>Pseudogymnoascus</em> spp. strains obtained from various substrates/habitats in maritime Antarctica may possess intrinsic virulence factors and pathogenic potential for immunosuppressed animals and humans in the region. Given that the Antarctic environment is an important reservoir for <em>Pseudogymnoascus</em> species, which display growth performance across a range of temperatures, it is possible that increasing temperatures in the maritime Antarctic could activate dormant genes or biochemical pathways, select virulent species and/or strains, and facilitate their spread within and beyond the region. The ability of <em>Pseudogymnoascus</em> species to grow slowly even at 28°C, coupled with their potential <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> virulence factors, suggests that these fungi might be undergoing an opportunistic transition due to the effects of climate change on the Antarctic Peninsula.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and molecular characterization of multi-drug resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli from urine samples: Insights into urinary tract infection management","authors":"Bernaitis L ,&nbsp;Bharathi Priya ,&nbsp;Ezhilarasu A ,&nbsp;Revathi P Shenoy","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) present a significant global health burden. With UPEC responsible for approximately 90 % of UTIs, understanding its mechanisms of virulence and antibiotic resistance is paramount for effective treatment strategies. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) E. coli strains in urinary tract infections and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying their resistance. A total of 150 E. coli isolates were obtained from urinary tract infection specimens collected patients at Doctor’s Diagnostic Centre in Kalyan Nagar, Bangalore over four months November 2022 to February 2023. Isolation and screening of pathogenic E. coli were conducted using Eosin Methylene Blue Agar and Nutrient Agar, followed by identification through gram staining and biochemical characterization tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using Mueller-Hinton agar and various antibiotic discs. Phenotypic and molecular identification of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers were conducted, along with the screening for specific antibiotic resistance genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 150 E. coli isolates, 57.3 % were found to be multi-drug resistant, with all 35 isolates from hospitalized patients exhibiting MDR characteristics. Phenotypic and molecular analyses revealed the presence of ESBL-producing isolates, with the <em>blaCTX-M, blaTEM,</em> and <em>blaSHV</em> genes detected in PCR assays. Plasmid extraction and PCR assays further identified the presence of plasmid-encoded carbapenemase genes (<em>blaOXA-48, blaNDM-1, blaKPC-2</em>), as well as other antibiotic resistance genes including those conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones. The results underscore the alarming prevalence of MDR E. coli strains in urinary tract infections, particularly in hospitalized patients. Molecular characterization revealed the diverse genetic mechanisms contributing to antibiotic resistance, including the presence of ESBLs and plasmid-encoded resistance genes. These findings emphasize the urgent need for surveillance and infection control measures to mitigate the spread of MDR pathogens and the development of alternative therapeutic strategies to combat antibiotic resistance in UTIs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR-Cas9 system: A potent tool to fight antibiotic resistance in bacteria","authors":"Arka Moitra ,&nbsp;Abhinaba Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Bomba Dam","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the most challenging concerns for modern medical practitioners is to deal with infections caused by the ever-increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). New antibiotics are not coming up in that pace, as their development is a tedious and time-consuming process with limited economic benefits for pharma companies. Among the various strategies tested to combat ARB, CRISPR-Cas9-based therapy is the most novel and foolproof. The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a recently discovered indigenous defense mechanism, identified in most archaeal and bacterial members that immunize and protect the cell against a second invasion from bacteriophage or plasmid DNA attack. These prokaryotic members, using an endogenous Cas9 protein guided by a unique short RNA sequence (∼20 nts) processed from earlier foreign DNA encounters, targets and destroys the invasive DNA. The CRISPR-Cas9 system has the potential and flexibility to be used as a gene-editing tool to modify antibiotic resistant or exclusive house-keeping genes on plasmids or genomes of specific pathogens, thereby resensitizing them to the antibiotics or even killing them. As the system is highly specific in its action, it can even target specific pathogenic bacteria in the infection site without harming the entire microbial population. This review first highlights the potential threats of ARB, particularly those in the priority list, and then elucidates how RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9-based therapy can be used to fight them, covering most of the technicalities involved in the process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}