The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Serum selenium response to maximal anaerobic exercise among sportsmen trained at various levels","authors":"M. Hanifi Emre,&nbsp;Halil Düzova,&nbsp;Banu Sancak,&nbsp;Alaadin Polat,&nbsp;Hasan Erdoğan,&nbsp;Saim Yologlu","doi":"10.1002/jtra.20000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtra.20000","url":null,"abstract":"Serum selenium (Se) is a constitutional part of both major plasma selenoprotein P and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), a cytoprotective enzyme against the oxidative damage. It is an accepted fact that any case related to oxidative stress increased by physical exercise changes serum Se levels. In this study serum Se levels were examined in high physical activity (group I), moderate physical activity (group II), and low physical activity (group III) males undertaking a soccer-training regimen. In addition, Se changes before and after the acute intensive maximal exercise in an anaerobic-loading coordination tests among groups I, II, and III soccer players were investigated. For a minimum of 3 months, the players in group I (n = 12), exercising more than 5 h a week, group II (n =9 ), exercising less than 5 h but more than 2 h a week, and group III (n = 11), exercising regularly or irregularly less than 2 h were examined. Heart rate monitor 220 (heart rate)-age formula was used to evaluate the maximal exercising test during the procedure. Serum Se was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The difference between groups before and after the exercise was tested by Wilcoxon test, and the difference varying in the groups was tested by Kruskal–Wallis variance analyse. The relation between heart rate and serum Se was tested by Sperman's rank correlation analyses. After maximal physical exercise, the serum selenium level decreased significantly compared with pre-exercise values (P < 0.05) in group I only. In group I, maximal and pre-exercise heart rates as opposed to pre- and postexercise serum Se level were negative correlated (P < 0.05). In conclusion, a nutrition regime rich in selenium may be beneficial for both athletes who exercise regularly and in patients with increasing oxidative stress. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 17:93–100, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.","PeriodicalId":101243,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine","volume":"17 2","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jtra.20000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72316863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc status in autistic children","authors":"Özgür Yorbik,&nbsp;Cemal Akay,&nbsp;Ahmet Sayal,&nbsp;Adnan Cansever,&nbsp;Teoman Söhmen,&nbsp;Ayhan O. Çavdar","doi":"10.1002/jtra.20002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtra.20002","url":null,"abstract":"The transition metal zinc is an essential element for normal development and function of biological systems including the central nervous system (CNS). Zinc may be an important trace element for the etiology and symptoms of subgroups of autistic children because it is an essential catalytic or structural element of many proteins and important for neural activity and the control of neuronal death. The aim of this study was to evaluate zinc status in children with autistic disorder. Plasma, erythrocyte, and hair zinc levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in the 45 and 39 autistic children, respectively. Forty-one healthy children in the same age group were selected as controls. Plasma and erythrocyte zinc levels in the autistic children were found to be significantly lower than normal (P < 0.05). The mean hair zinc level of the patients was also low when compared with that obtained from normal Turkish children. These results may indicate chronic zinc deficiency or metabolic abnormality of zinc in autistic children. Further studies are required to clarify underlying mechanisms. J. Trace. Elem. Exp. Med. 17:101–107, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.","PeriodicalId":101243,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine","volume":"17 2","pages":"101-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jtra.20002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72316923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal nematodes, trace elements, and immunity","authors":"Kristine G. Koski,&nbsp;Marilyn E. Scott","doi":"10.1002/jtra.10043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtra.10043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The exploration of the scientific literature on the interrelationship among trace elements, gastrointestinal nematodes, and their requisite Th2 immunity demonstrates extensive literature but regrettably, research remains inadequate and sparse, with far fewer studies having investigated the interrelationship among trace elements and host immunity in infected hosts. Gastrointestinal nematodes, such as hookworms, <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i>, and <i>Trichuris trichiura</i>, require activation of the Th2 arm of the immune cascade and the expression of the Th2 cytokines (interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-10) and their effectors for worm expulsion. However, parasites have evolved a series of strategies to invade the host and to evade host defense mechanisms. Many of these mechanisms involve metalloproteinases for tissue invasion and enzymes, such as catalase and superoxide dismutase, to minimize free radical damage to the parasitic tissues from the host's immune system. Deficiencies of iron, molybdenum, copper, and zinc, have been associated with higher worm burdens, as have excessive intakes of molybdenum, iron, and copper. The possibility is emerging that there may be an optimum trace element level in the diet above which and below which the parasite is advantaged. Moreover, there is some data to suggest that specific trace elements may be directly toxic to the parasite. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 16: 237–251, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":101243,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine","volume":"16 4","pages":"237-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jtra.10043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72362792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late-breaking abstracts VIth conference of the International Society for Trace Element Research in Humans (ISTERH), Québec City, Canada, September 7–12, 2002","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jtra.10028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtra.10028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101243,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine","volume":"16 2-3","pages":"109-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jtra.10028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72316358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of vitamin E and selenium on thyroid status, adrenocorticotropin hormone, and blood serum metabolite and mineral concentrations of Japanese quails reared under heat stress (34°C)","authors":"M. Ferit Gursu,&nbsp;N. Sahin,&nbsp;O. Kucuk","doi":"10.1002/jtra.10029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtra.10029","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin E and selenium (Se) on triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), and serum glucose, urea, triglyceride, cholesterol, Ca, P, Na, and K concentrations of Japanese quails reared under heat stress (34°C). One-hundred twenty 10-day-old Japanese quails were randomly assigned to four treatment groups with three replicates of 10 birds each. The birds with a 2 × 2 factorial design received either two levels of vitamin E (125 and 250 mg/kg of diet) or two levels of selenium (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg of diet). Greater dietary vitamin E and selenium inclusions resulted in a greater (P = 0.001) serum T3, T4, and TSH, but lower (P = 0.001) ACTH concentrations. No interactions between vitamin E and selenium were detected (P ≥ 0.11) for serum concentrations of T3, T4, TSH, and ACTH. Serum glucose, urea, triglyceride, and cholesterol concentrations decreased (P = 0.001), whereas protein concentrations increased (P = 0.001) when both dietary vitamin E and selenium increased. Serum albumin concentrations increased (P = 0.001) with greater dietary vitamin E but did not change with dietary selenium (P = 0.16). No interactions on any blood metabolites were detected (P ≥ 0.11). Serum activities of serum glutamic oxalate transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase were not influenced by dietary vitamin E or selenium (P ≥ 0.42). However, serum activity of alkaline phosphatase increased (P = 0.001) with both increasing dietary vitamin E and selenium. There were no interactions detected for the serum enzyme activities (P ≥ 0.09). Increasing both dietary vitamin E and selenium caused an increase in serum concentrations of Ca, P, and K (P = 0.001), but a decrease in serum concentrations of Na (P = 0.001). No interactions were detected for serum mineral concentrations (P ≥ 0.07) except for P (P = 0.001). Results of the present study showed that dietary vitamin E and selenium have synergistic effects, and that supplementing a combination of dietary vitamin E (250 mg) and selenium (0.2 mg) positively influences some blood parameters that may positively influence the performance of Japanese quails under heat stress. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 16:95–104, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.","PeriodicalId":101243,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine","volume":"16 2-3","pages":"95-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jtra.10029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72316357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper retention in intestinal mucosal cells of young men at normal and high copper intakes†","authors":"Judith R. Turnlund,&nbsp;Joseph M. Domek,&nbsp;Padmanabhan P. Nair,&nbsp;Sam J. Bhathena","doi":"10.1002/jtra.10031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtra.10031","url":null,"abstract":"The role of intestinal cells in copper homeostasis and storage has not been studied. Homeostasis is regulated by absorption, excretion, and storage. Copper is excreted via the bile, and it has been assumed that the increased excretion into the gastrointestinal tract when diets are high in copper was due to biliary copper. It seemed possible that some of the absorbed copper is sequestered in the intestinal cells. To test this hypothesis we measured the copper content of mucosal epithelial cells isolated from stool samples of 8 young men when consuming their usual diets and after 129 days of supplementation with 7 mg/day copper. The mean copper content of the cells, expressed as mg copper per gram of cell protein, was 0.78 versus 1.65 mg/g (SEM 0.19) (P < 0.02) when the usual and copper-supplemented diets, respectively, were consumed. In contrast to the copper content of plasma and urine, copper in intestinal cells increased significantly when intake was high. It is likely that copper was sequestered by these cells following absorption and did not get into systemic circulation. Thus, the amount of endogenous copper in stools is probably a combination of biliary copper excretion and copper sequestered in exfoliated intestinal epithelial cells. This suggests that retention of copper by the intestinal cells increases when dietary copper is high and plays a role in copper homeostasis. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 16:105–108, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley–Liss, Inc.","PeriodicalId":101243,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine","volume":"16 2-3","pages":"105-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jtra.10031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72316360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal nematodes, trace elements, and immunity","authors":"K. Koski, M. Scott","doi":"10.1002/JTRA.10043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JTRA.10043","url":null,"abstract":"The exploration of the scientific literature on the interrelationship among trace elements, gastrointestinal nematodes, and their requisite Th2 immunity demonstrates extensive literature but regrettably, research remains inadequate and sparse, with far fewer studies having investigated the interrelationship among trace elements and host immunity in infected hosts. Gastrointestinal nematodes, such as hookworms, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Trichuris trichiura, require activation of the Th2 arm of the immune cascade and the expression of the Th2 cytokines (interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-10) and their effectors for worm expulsion. However, parasites have evolved a series of strategies to invade the host and to evade host defense mechanisms. Many of these mechanisms involve metalloproteinases for tissue invasion and enzymes, such as catalase and superoxide dismutase, to minimize free radical damage to the parasitic tissues from the host's immune system. Deficiencies of iron, molybdenum, copper, and zinc, have been associated with higher worm burdens, as have excessive intakes of molybdenum, iron, and copper. The possibility is emerging that there may be an optimum trace element level in the diet above which and below which the parasite is advantaged. Moreover, there is some data to suggest that specific trace elements may be directly toxic to the parasite. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 16: 237–251, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.","PeriodicalId":101243,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine","volume":"74 1","pages":"237-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76213544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenic essentiality: A role affecting methionine metabolism†‡","authors":"Eric O. Uthus","doi":"10.1002/jtra.10044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtra.10044","url":null,"abstract":"Although there is no known biological function of arsenic, considerable evidence suggests that arsenic has a physiological role related to methionine metabolism. In early studies using amino acid-based diets, it was found that arsenic deprivation had little effect on growth in rats fed adequate methionine. However, in rats fed suboptimal methionine, arsenic deprivation resulted in a significant reduction in body weight. Other studies showed that feeding methyl depletors caused severe signs of arsenic deprivation. Because it was found that alteration in methionine status or methyl metabolism affected signs of arsenic deprivation, and that many of these signs were related to methionine or methyl metabolism, it was hypothesized that arsenic has a physiological role affecting methionine metabolism. In animal studies testing this hypothesis, it was shown that arsenic deprivation reduces the hepatic concentration of S-adenosylmethionine. Additionally, arsenic status affects DNA methylation in animal and cell culture models; very low or high doses of arsenic, compared with control amounts, result in an apparent hypomethylation of DNA. Because global DNA hypomethylation is associated with an increased incidence of cancer, we tested whether dietary arsenic (deficient, adequate, or excess; 0, 0.5 or 50 μg arsenic/g diet, respectively) would affect the formation of aberrant crypts in rats treated with the carcinogen dimethylhydrazine. Aberrant crypts are preneoplastic lesions that have been associated with colon carcinomas. More aberrant crypts were observed in rats fed the high amount of dietary arsenic compared to those fed adequate arsenic. The number of aberrant crypts in the arsenic-deprived group also tended to be higher than those found in rats fed adequate arsenic. Thus, many findings indicate that arsenic plays a role in methionine/methyl metabolism; however, the site of action of arsenic remains unknown. Possibly, arsenic is instrumental in maintaining the metabolic pool of S-adenosylmethionine. These results show that compared to controlled amounts, having too little or too much arsenic in the diet is harmful. That is, there is an amount of dietary arsenic that is not only not harmful, but beneficial. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 16:345–355, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.","PeriodicalId":101243,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine","volume":"16 4","pages":"345-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jtra.10044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72362793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper-lowering therapy with tetrathiomolybdate for cancer and diseases of fibrosis and inflammation†","authors":"George J. Brewer","doi":"10.1002/jtra.10045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtra.10045","url":null,"abstract":"Angiogenesis is required for tumor growth and is a likely Achilles heel for cancer. However, antiangiogenic agents have been somewhat disappointing in cancer therapy, perhaps because they target a single angiogenic factor, and there is much redundancy in angiogenic systems. Copper is required for high levels of angiogenesis, and many angiogenic factors have a requirement for copper. Thus, anticopper drugs offer the possibility of more global inhibition. Our group has developed tetrathiomolybdate (TM) for the initial treatment of neurologic Wilson's disease. Penicillamine makes about 50% of these patients neurologically worse, and many never recover. Only 2 of 55 (3.6%) patients worsened when treated with TM. Because TM exhibited desirable properties of potency, speed, and safety, we studied it as an antiangiogenic agent. We hypothesize that if copper is lowered to midrange, the cellular requirements for copper are met, but angiogenic cytokine signaling is inhibited. TM has shown strong inhibition of cancer growth in five rodent models, encouraging results in a canine study of advanced and metastatic cancer, and encouraging results in a phase 1/2 study of advanced and metastatic cancer in 42 patients. Finally, we have hypothesized that the pathway of fibrosis involving transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and connective tissue growth factor is inhibitable by copper-lowering therapy with TM. This pathway is overactive and dysregulated in many diseases of fibrosis. In animal studies, TM has completely inhibited the pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin, the hepatitis induced by concanavalin A, and the cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride. We find that TM inhibits transforming growth factor beta and inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1-beta. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 16:191–199, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.","PeriodicalId":101243,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine","volume":"16 4","pages":"191-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jtra.10045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72362795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes of zinc, copper, and iron levels in the lung of male rats after subacute (4-week) and subchronic (13-week) exposure to formaldehyde","authors":"Og̊uz Aslan Özen,&nbsp;Ahmet Songur,&nbsp;Mustafa Sarsılmaz,&nbsp;Mehmet Yaman,&nbsp;İlter Kuş","doi":"10.1002/jtra.10026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jtra.10026","url":null,"abstract":"The medical use of formaldehyde has focused especially on laboratory use. Harmful effects of formaldehyde inhalation, such as nasal squamous cell carcinoma, are quite well documented. However, detailed studies of the mechanisms of the damaging effects of formaldehyde on lung tissue are quite limited. Amounts of such elements as zinc, copper, and iron within lung tissue indicate whether or not they function physiologically. In this study, 36 adult albino Wistar male rats (6 animals per group) were exposed to 0 (Control), 5, and 10 ppm (1 ppm ≊ 1.2 mg/m3) of formaldehyde gas for subacute (4-week) and subchronic (13-week) periods. Whole-body exposure was continuously carried out for 8 h/day, 5 days/week. Body weights were recorded weekly. Levels of metals mentioned above were measured in lung tissue by atomic absorption spectrometry using wet ashing and were then compared with levels in the control groups. At the end of the study, a gradual decrease in weight gain, a decrease in zinc levels, and an increase in iron levels were observed in both subacute and subchronic groups compared to control groups. Statistically significant increases in tissue Fe levels were seen in the 10 ppm subacute (P < 0.001), 5 ppm subchronic (P < 0.001), and 10 ppm subchronic (P < 0.001) groups. We conclude that subacute or subchronic exposure to cytotoxic concentrations of formaldehyde may cause growth retardation and alter the trace element levels of zinc and iron in the lung tissue. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 16:67–74, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.","PeriodicalId":101243,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine","volume":"16 2-3","pages":"67-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jtra.10026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72316361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}