V. Divya , K. Anbarasu , A. Saravanan , V.C. Deivayanai
{"title":"Advances in cobalt-based nanomaterials for wastewater treatment: Mechanistic insights and future directions","authors":"V. Divya , K. Anbarasu , A. Saravanan , V.C. Deivayanai","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2026.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scowo.2026.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effectiveness of cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) in eliminating contaminants such as dyes, heavy metals, and bacteria resistant to antibiotics is highlighted in this review, which also examines the synthesis techniques and uses of CoNPs in wastewater treatment. Water quality has been greatly impacted by the toxic pollutants that have been released into aquatic ecosystems as a result of rapid industrialization. Traditional methods of treatment, like chemical reactions and membrane filtration, are frequently expensive, energy-intensive, and produce secondary waste. Because of their high surface area, reactivity, and adsorption capabilities, CoNPs offer a sustainable replacement that effectively binds and breaks down pollutants. It emphasizes their use in tannery wastewater treatment, hybrid filtration systems, and advanced oxidation processes. Furthermore, CoNPs' potential to target bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics is being studied more and more. This review highlights the drawbacks of conventional techniques and presents CoNPs as an adaptable and effective method to address environmental issues in water treatment, opening the door for further advancements in this area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Utkarsh Sharma, Anita Singh Kirrolia, Narsi R. Bishnoi
{"title":"Advancing sustainable hydrogen: Technological, environmental, and policy perspectives for the global energy transition","authors":"Utkarsh Sharma, Anita Singh Kirrolia, Narsi R. Bishnoi","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2026.100191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scowo.2026.100191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To meet the 1.5°C climate targets, the global energy transition requires a versatile carrier to decarbonize \"hard-to-abate\" sectors (steel, cement, and heavy transport). While hydrogen is a leading candidate, existing literature often treats technological, environmental, and policy dimensions in isolation, creating a fragmented understanding of its true sustainability. This review employs a systematic analysis of over 250 peer-reviewed sources and international policy frameworks (2015–2025) to synthesize production pathways ranging from thermochemical (SMR, gasification) to electrochemical and biological methods. Evaluation is conducted through a multi-dimensional lens focusing on Carbon Intensity (CI), Circular Economy (CE) metrics, and alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 7, 9, and 13). Our findings demonstrate that while green hydrogen offers near-zero operational emissions, its lifecycle sustainability is contingent upon \"Green Chemistry\" innovations in membrane materials and catalysts to reduce rare-earth mineral dependency. Comparative analysis reveals that \"Blue\" hydrogen acts only as a bridge, as its long-term viability is limited by methane leakage and carbon capture efficiencies (<90%). Furthermore, we identify a critical \"policy-technology\" gap: current global frameworks lack standardized lifecycle assessment (LCA) protocols, which hinders international trade and sustainable finance. This review contributes a novel integrated framework that bridges the gap between laboratory-scale innovations and macro-level policy. We conclude that achieving a net-zero future requires not just \"clean\" production, but a circular hydrogen economy that prioritizes material recovery and harmonized global certification standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JinJin Pei , Saravana Ganesh N. , Suresh Subramaniyam , Sivaramakrishnan R. , Gopalakrishnan Velliyur Kanniappan , Selvaraj Jayaraman , Chella Perumal Palanisamy
{"title":"Sustainable fabrication of starch/PVA/CuO electrospun nanoscaffolds from Padina tetrastromatica (Brown macroalgae) extract: Physicochemical characterization and antidiabetic assessment","authors":"JinJin Pei , Saravana Ganesh N. , Suresh Subramaniyam , Sivaramakrishnan R. , Gopalakrishnan Velliyur Kanniappan , Selvaraj Jayaraman , Chella Perumal Palanisamy","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2026.100195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scowo.2026.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the green synthesis and characterization of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) using <em>Padina tetrastromatica</em> algal extract and their incorporation into starch/PVA nanoscaffolds for enhanced antidiabetic applications. The CuO-NPs were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, showing a distinct surface plasmon resonance peak at 273 nm, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed characteristic Cu-O bonds at 602.84 cm<sup>−1</sup> and 433.39 cm<sup>−1</sup>. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the monoclinic tenorite phase of CuO-NPs with high crystallinity, whereas the nanoscaffolds exhibited a semi-crystalline structure. scanning electron microscopy imaging demonstrated uniform NP dispersion within the porous, fibrous scaffold matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated thermal stability up to 300°C, and Dynamic light scattering analysis showed NPs with 108 nm average size and moderate colloidal stability (-22.13 mV). The nanocomposites exhibited remarkable concentration-dependent inhibition of α-amylase (80.42 % at 100 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase (79.32 % at 100 µg/mL), significantly outperforming individual components. The enhanced antidiabetic activity is attributed to synergistic interactions between CuO NPs and the polymeric nanoscaffold architecture, which may influence nanoparticle stabilization and enzyme-material interactions. The results highlight the potential of these eco-friendly nanoscaffolds as effective platforms for diabetes management, combining the therapeutic benefits of algal extracts with nanotechnology. Further <em>in vivo</em> studies are warranted to validate their clinical potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated experimental–theoretical analysis of aluminum corrosion inhibition by ipomoea carnea leaf extract","authors":"Adarsh M. Patel , K.C. Desai , R.T. Vashi , P.S. Desai","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2026.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scowo.2026.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An ethanolic extract of Ipomoea carnea (ICLE) leaves was systematically characterised through advanced spectroscopic methods and assessed for its efficacy as a green corrosion inhibitor for aluminium in 0.2–0.4 M HCl solution. The anti-corrosive behaviour of ICLE was scrutinised using diverse analytical techniques, including gravimetric analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and computational modelling such as quantum chemical calculations and MD simulations. ICLE achieved an impressive 96.7 % inhibition rate at 2.0 g/L and 303 K in weight-loss trials, demonstrating potent surface protection at a minimum concentration. EIS data revealed a marked increase in the surface charge-transfer resistance (R<sub>ct</sub> = 5233.2 Ω·cm²) and a decrease in double-layer capacitance, suggesting the formation of a robust adsorbed passive film. PDP analysis revealed a dual-action inhibition mechanism, which inhibits both anodic and cathodic processes. The overall inhibition efficiency was 93.02 %. Surface morphology studies confirmed the deposition of ICLE molecules, forming a uniform hydrophobic shield. The adsorption behaviour is consistent with the Langmuir model, suggesting single-layer coverage. Compared to other botanical inhibitors, ICLE performed better under harsh, thermally elevated conditions. DFT calculations highlighted that all five molecules derived from the extract are highly reactive species due to their low energy gaps, which is consistent with their nucleophilic character and tendency to donate electrons to the metal surface. Fukui function analysis pinpointed oxygen-bearing groups as key adsorption sites. MD simulations validated the structural integrity of the adsorbed layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geeta D. Pai , Manohar. R. Rathod , S.K. Rajappa , A.A. Kittur , Netravati Gyakwad
{"title":"Jasminum officinale plant leaves extract as sustainable and green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic medium: Chemical, electrochemical, surface characterisation and computational approaches","authors":"Geeta D. Pai , Manohar. R. Rathod , S.K. Rajappa , A.A. Kittur , Netravati Gyakwad","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, <em>Jasminum officinale</em> leaves extract (JOLE) was investigated as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in 1 M HCl medium. The phytoconstituents of JOLE were identified qualitatively and quantified using GC–MS, confirming 2H-pyran, tetrahydro-4-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)- as the major compound. Weight loss (WL) analysis showed a maximum inhibition efficiency of 96.64 % at 540 ppm. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed a decrease in corrosion current density from 3.272 × 10<sup>−3</sup> Acm<sup>−2</sup> to 7.813 × 10<sup>−5</sup> Acm<sup>−2</sup>, indicating the formation of a stable protective film. Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) confirmed JOLE acts as a mixed-type inhibitor, while adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model. Surface analytical techniques corroborated the formation of a compact, adherent protective layer on the JOLE-treated surface. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations elucidated strong molecular interactions and preferred adsorption sites of JOLE components with the MS surface, consistent with experimental observations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Favour Eloviano Agadaigho , Israel Adekunle Adetunji , Godwin Osahon Avanrenren , Oghenerukevwe Jeffrey Oghenehwosa , Miracle Chinonso Jude , Royal Okuyade Oniovosa , Obiora Ebuka Muojama , Ibhadebhunuele Gabriel Okoduwa , Heri Septya Kusuma , Promise Tega Aghe , Andrew Nosakhare Amenaghawon
{"title":"Interpretable tree-based machine learning modeling and optimization of photo-assisted methylene blue removal using a hydroxyapatite-bentonite composite","authors":"Favour Eloviano Agadaigho , Israel Adekunle Adetunji , Godwin Osahon Avanrenren , Oghenerukevwe Jeffrey Oghenehwosa , Miracle Chinonso Jude , Royal Okuyade Oniovosa , Obiora Ebuka Muojama , Ibhadebhunuele Gabriel Okoduwa , Heri Septya Kusuma , Promise Tega Aghe , Andrew Nosakhare Amenaghawon","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development of a novel hydroxyapatite–bentonite composite with integrated adsorptive and photocatalytic functionalities for remediating simulated methylene blue (MB) wastewater. The material was synthesized, characterized, and evaluated under photo-assisted conditions using an improvised ultraviolet (UV) reactor system. Intelligent optimization of the process parameters was conducted based on validated predictive tree-based models. The identified optimum conditions were 150 min contact time, 5 g adsorbent dosage, 22.86 mg/L initial dye concentration, and pH 2, yielding a predicted MB removal efficiency of 99.26 %. Validation experiments confirmed a maximum efficiency of 98.87 %, demonstrating a strong agreement with the model predictions. In contrast, dark experiments simulating adsorption-only removal achieved 50.88 %, confirming the critical role of irradiation and photocatalysis in enhancing dye degradation. Machine learning models further underscored the robustness of the approach, with tuned hyperparameters enabling reliable prediction of MB removal across varying operational conditions. Notably, the extreme gradient boosting (XGB) model, with an <em>R</em><sup>2</sup> value of 0.9599, achieved superior generalization compared to RF. This study addresses the limitations of previous studies that rely solely on standalone adsorption or photocatalysis and integrates advanced machine learning (ML) prediction with bio-inspired optimization and interpretability using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) for comprehensive performance insights. The findings of this study contribute to the advancement of technologies that support the actualization of UN Sustainable Development Goal 6. In addition, this study demonstrated that integrating adsorption and photocatalysis, coupled with bio-inspired optimization and advanced predictive modeling, offers a viable and scalable pathway for dye removal from wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alaa M. Alrudainy , Marwah Thamir Alnuaimi , Ahmed M. Amshawee , Radwan Ali , kawther saleh thanon , Noor M. Alassadi
{"title":"Magnetic nanoparticles as recyclable catalysts in biodiesel synthesis from microalgae","authors":"Alaa M. Alrudainy , Marwah Thamir Alnuaimi , Ahmed M. Amshawee , Radwan Ali , kawther saleh thanon , Noor M. Alassadi","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae have been found to be one of the most promising renewable materials for the production of sustainable biodiesel with their high growth rates, high lipid content, and superior capacity for fixing carbon dioxide. It can be grown even on non-arable lands, utilizing wastewater or even saline water, thus having support in both the food versus fuel conflict and carbon sequestration. With high processing cost and limitations in the conventional homogeneous-catalyzed process, facing soap formation, loss of the catalyst, and complicated separation processing, it deters commercialization. However, in recent years, the application of Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with their high and separate recovery facilitated by external magnetic fields has brought in a revolutionary change in algal biodiesel production with their high efficiency, separateability, and augmented approaches. These separate MNPs-based catalysts the combined benefits of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, meaning their higher efficiency in transesterification with lower environmental toxicity. This current report undertakes, in depth, the microalgal biodiesel production with assistance from MNPs, covering their preparation, modification, and structure. Four distinct MNP approaches in the microalgal transesterification, including solid acid, solid base, bifunctional acid–base and biocatalysts, along with their syntheses, stabilities, and potency, respectively, have been explored in detail.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ojima Z. Wada , Abimbola O. Ige , Bamise I. Egbewole , David B. Olawade
{"title":"Circular economy from wastewater resource recovery: A review of recent advances and global disparities","authors":"Ojima Z. Wada , Abimbola O. Ige , Bamise I. Egbewole , David B. Olawade","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2026.100187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scowo.2026.100187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wastewater management has undergone significant evolution from medieval practices, where wastewater was directly discharged into surface water bodies, to modern approaches that emphasise not only treatment for public health but also the recovery of valuable resources. This evolution reflects a shift from unidimensional wastewater treatment, focused solely on health protection, to a multipurpose framework that includes water reclamation, reuse, and resource recovery. This narrative review assesses recent developments in wastewater resource recovery technologies and highlights global disparities in their adoption. By analysing research outputs using relevant keywords such as \"Circular Economy\", \"Wastewater\", and \"Resource Recovery\", the review reveals a significant concentration of research and technological development in the Global North, particularly in Europe and East Asia (mainly China). In contrast, regions like Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding Southern Africa) and parts of Southeast Asia remain largely underserved, hindered by limited infrastructure, inadequate funding, and insufficient institutional support. Key resources recovered from wastewater include nutrients and soil amendments, feed and bioproducts, bioenergy, and metals. Out of 61 studies synthesised and comparatively analysed, 39 % originated from Europe, while none emanated from West and Central Africa, illustrating a stark imbalance in research and innovation. The implications of these disparities are far-reaching. Recommendations for advancing wastewater resource recovery globally were offered, emphasising the importance of inclusive and equitable progress to ensure that no region is left behind in this critical aspect of sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gamma irradiation as a green technology to enhance antifungal efficacy of Ageratum conyzoides extract for sustainable crop protection","authors":"Nguyen Thi Nhu Quynh , Tran Thi Thu Phuong , Nguyen Thi Hong Thuong , Han Ngoc Bui , Dang-Khoa Phan , Nguyen Ngoc Duy","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gamma irradiation is a promising green technology for improving the functional quality of plant-based bioresources. This study evaluates the effect of gamma irradiation (0–10 kGy) on the phytochemical composition and antifungal activity of <em>Ageratum conyzoides</em> ethanolic extracts against <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>. Moderate irradiation doses (4–6 kGy) significantly enhanced secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids, leading to significantly enhanced the extract's antifungal efficacy. At 4 kGy, the extract achieved a maximum inhibition of 95.06 % at 8 % concentration, coinciding with peak flavonoid content (34.00 ± 1.03 mg/mL). However, higher doses (≥8 kGy) degraded bioactive compounds, reducing efficacy. These findings highlight gamma irradiation as an eco-friendly post-extraction treatment to boost natural antifungal agents, contributing to sustainable agriculture and reduced reliance on synthetic fungicides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Vitex Altissima extract: An in-vitro and in-silico evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity","authors":"Vishnu Sravanthi M , S. Nirmala","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using <em>Vitex altissima</em> extract (AgVA) and evaluates their anti-inflammatory potential through in vitro and in silico approaches. Characterization confirmed successful nanoparticle formation, with FTIR revealing phytochemical-mediated reduction and stabilization, UV–Vis showing a characteristic SPR peak at 400 nm, XRD confirming a crystalline FCC structure, and DLS indicating a predominant particle size of ∼121 nm. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) also confirmed the spherical to near-spherical in morphology with nanoscale particle size. In vitro assays demonstrated that AgNPs (AgVA) significantly suppressed LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages, achieving ∼73 % recovery at concentrations as low as 1.25 µg/mL, compared with the <em>V. altissima</em> extract (VA), which required 10–20 µg/mL for similar effects. Nitric oxide assays further confirmed dose-dependent suppression of NO production, with AgVA showing superior efficacy at lower doses than VA. Molecular docking revealed that the Zn-based ligand (proxy for Ag-based ligand) bound COX-2 with a strong binding score of –8.2 kcal/mol at Cavity C2, stabilized by hydrogen bonds with TYR341 and TYR371. These findings highlight that nanoparticle formulation enhances the bioefficacy of <em>V. altissima</em>, offering a sustainable and potent strategy for developing natural anti-inflammatory agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}