Spill Science & Technology Bulletin最新文献_第9页

Effectiveness in the Laboratory of Corexit 9527 and 9500 in Dispersing Fresh, Weathered, and Emulsion of Alaska North Slope Crude Oil under Subarctic Conditions Corexit 9527和9500在亚北极条件下分散阿拉斯加北坡新鲜、风化和乳化原油的实验室效果

Spill Science & Technology Bulletin Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00041-5

Adam Moles, Larry Holland, Jeffrey Short

{"title":"Effectiveness in the Laboratory of Corexit 9527 and 9500 in Dispersing Fresh, Weathered, and Emulsion of Alaska North Slope Crude Oil under Subarctic Conditions","authors":"Adam Moles, Larry Holland, Jeffrey Short","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00041-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00041-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The effect of various states of weathering (no weathering, 20% evaporatively weathered, and emulsification) on the effectiveness of oil dispersants Corexit 9527 and 9500 in dispersing Alaska North Slope crude oil into the water column was tested under laboratory conditions at a combination of realistic subarctic salinities and temperatures. A modified version of the swirling flask effectiveness test was conducted at temperatures of 3, 10 and 22 °C with salinities of 22‰ and 32‰. Petroleum dispersed into the water column following application of dispersant was measured by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Based on comparison of unresolved complex mixtures, dispersants dispersed less than 40% of the fresh oil and less than 10% of the weathered oil and were most effective (25–75%) when used to disperse a stable oil/water emulsion at 10 °C. At the combinations of temperature and salinity most common in the estuaries and marine waters of Alaska, dispersants effectiveness was less than 10%, the detection limits of the tests. The results indicate that oil weathering state, seawater salinity and temperature are important factors affecting dispersant performance, however because our laboratory tests were conducted at low mixing energy, considerable caution should be used in extrapolating these laboratory studies to field conditions.</div>","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 241-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00041-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85372083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Field Experiments at the Ohmsett Facility for a Newly Designed Boom System 一种新设计的吊臂系统在欧姆塞特设施的现场试验

Spill Science & Technology Bulletin Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00038-5

Kau-Fui Vincent Wong , Eryurt Barin , James Lane

引用次数: 6

Severe Effects of Low-Level Oil Contamination on Wildlife Predicted by the Corticosterone-Stress Response: Preliminary Data and a Research Agenda 由皮质酮应激反应预测的低水平石油污染对野生动物的严重影响:初步数据和研究议程

Spill Science & Technology Bulletin Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00067-1

L.M Romero , M Wikelski

{"title":"Severe Effects of Low-Level Oil Contamination on Wildlife Predicted by the Corticosterone-Stress Response: Preliminary Data and a Research Agenda","authors":"L.M Romero , M Wikelski","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00067-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00067-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Low-level contamination events are common but often neglected because they may not immediately harm the environment or wildlife. We suggest that even seemingly benign oil spills may cause severe damage for wildlife and we offer a rapid assessment tool for the health status of a wildlife population that is potentially affected by a spill. We studied two island populations of seagoing lizards, marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus), for 20 years before a low-level oil spill hit the shores of the Galápagos archipelago in January 2001. Under natural conditions, the main cause of mortality for marine iguanas is starvation caused by a decline in their staple food, marine algae. Starvation induces a strong stress response during which the hormone corticosterone is secreted. When iguanas of one island were exposed to low-level oil contamination of their food after the tanker “Jessica” grounded, they also showed a strong stress response, allowing us to predict high mortality rates for oiled individuals. Indeed, one year after the spill 62% of the iguanas on the oiled island had died, while none of the control iguanas on the non-oiled island died. We hypothesize that oiled iguanas died from starvation because their digestive gut bacteria were killed by oil residues in their algae food. Although the exact causation of oil-induced mortality is unknown and should be investigated further, we suggest that the corticosterone-stress response is a powerful predictor for the rapid assessment of wildlife health. Low-level oil contamination appears to be a serious threat to wildlife.</div>","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 309-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00067-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86465362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 46

Past Conferences (Proceedings or Future Reference) and Future Conferences 过去的会议(会议记录或未来参考)和未来的会议

Spill Science & Technology Bulletin Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00073-7

引用次数: 0

Experimental Tainting of Marine Fish by Three Chemically Dispersed Petroleum Products, with Comparisons to the Braer Oil Spill 三种化学分散石油产品对海鱼的污染实验，并与布雷尔石油泄漏进行比较

Spill Science & Technology Bulletin Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00043-9

H.K. Davis , C.F. Moffat , N.J. Shepherd

{"title":"Experimental Tainting of Marine Fish by Three Chemically Dispersed Petroleum Products, with Comparisons to the Braer Oil Spill","authors":"H.K. Davis , C.F. Moffat , N.J. Shepherd","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00043-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00043-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Fish tainting thresholds, and rates of development and loss of taint, have been measured using two salmonid and two shellfish species exposed to three petroleum products in a study concurrent with the examination of fish affected by the spillage of oil from the wreck of MV Braer. The range of (24 h) fish tainting thresholds varied from 0.098 to 0.331 mg/l for trout exposed to the three oils, and was no greater than the difference between the values obtained for the diesel oil used in this study and another sample examined previously by the same group. Thresholds were little different for salmon and trout exposed to the same (Forties) crude oil but, although the lowest tainting threshold was observed with mussels (0.032 mg/l), crabs appeared to show some resistance to tainting. The rate of induction of oil into fin-fish and mussels produced a readily detectable taint within 6 h of exposure to oil-contaminated water, but rates of uptake, and losses after transfer to clean water, contrasted with the measured fish tainting thresholds for the three different products. Diesel-derived taint persisted for over 10 weeks, much longer than both the medium fuel oil and the Forties crude oil-derived taints, and depuration time increased with oil loading and duration of exposure. Data from analyses of hydrocarbons in depurating salmon are presented, and criteria used to declare fish to be tainted or untainted are discussed.</div>","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 257-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00043-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86988360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

The Day They Cried Over Spilled Milk 打翻了牛奶哭的那一天

Spill Science & Technology Bulletin Pub Date : 2002-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00068-3

引用次数: 0

Response Strategies for Spills on Land 陆地溢油的应对策略

Spill Science & Technology Bulletin Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1353-2561(01)00059-7

Edward H Owens

引用次数: 8

Freshwater Oil Spills Special Issue 淡水溢油特刊

Spill Science & Technology Bulletin Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00080-4

Edward H Owens, Jacqueline Michel

引用次数: 2

The OSSA II Pipeline Oil Spill: the Character and Weathering of the Spilled Oil OSSA II管道溢油:溢油的特性和风化

Spill Science & Technology Bulletin Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00046-4

Gregory S Douglas , Edward H Owens , Jeffery Hardenstine , Roger C Prince

{"title":"The OSSA II Pipeline Oil Spill: the Character and Weathering of the Spilled Oil","authors":"Gregory S Douglas , Edward H Owens , Jeffery Hardenstine , Roger C Prince","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00046-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00046-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>On January 30, 2000, an accidental oil release occurred from a fracture in the OSSA II pipeline where it crosses over the Rı́o Desaguadero in Bolivia, South America. This paper addresses the composition of the spilled oil and the unique weathering processes that occurred after the spill. Samples of oil, oiled sediment, water, and vegetation were collected from the riverbank and surrounding areas for approximately one year after the initial release. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector and by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to characterize the weathered product. Laboratory studies were also performed to evaluate the maximum extent of evaporation of the pipeline oil, and the extent of water solubility. Based on these chemical analyses, several conclusions were reached: <ul><li>•There was a rapid and substantial loss of the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) oil fractions.</li><li>•The BTEX and PAH losses were due primarily to evaporation.</li><li>•The stranded residual oil consisted primarily of heavy, immobile hydrocarbons.</li><li>•Photooxidation of PAHs, including benzo(a)pyrene, was observed.</li><li>•A unique weathering mechanism was observed that selectively removed mid-range hydrocarbons (C20 through C39) from the bulk oil.</li><li>•The overall environmental risk of the spilled oil has been reduced due to the extensive weathering of the oil.</li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 135-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00046-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76045146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 56

The OSSA II Pipeline Oil Spill: Natural Mitigation of a Riverine Oil Spill by Oil–Mineral Aggregate Formation OSSA II管道溢油:通过石油-矿物集料形成自然缓解河流溢油

Spill Science & Technology Bulletin Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00056-7

Kenneth Lee , Patricia Stoffyn-Egli , Edward H. Owens

{"title":"The OSSA II Pipeline Oil Spill: Natural Mitigation of a Riverine Oil Spill by Oil–Mineral Aggregate Formation","authors":"Kenneth Lee , Patricia Stoffyn-Egli , Edward H. Owens","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00056-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00056-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Previous studies have documented enhanced rates of oil removal from marine sediments by physical dispersion and biological degradation processes following the formation of oil–mineral aggregates (OMAs), which are microscopic particles of oil stabilized by fine minerals. In January 2000, approximately 29,000 bbl of crude oil were accidentally released from the OSSA II pipeline in the Bolivian Altiplano at a point crossing the Rı́o Desaguadero. Mineralogical analysis of sediments from the Rı́o Desaguadero basin revealed the presence of clay minerals known to readily interact with oil to form OMA. In support of laboratory tests that showed a significant amount of OMA formation in low salinity waters (0.35<math><mtext>‰</mtext></math>), OMA formation was observed when samples of Rı́o Desaguadero water and sediment were mixed with pipeline oil. Oil dispersion and enhanced biodegradation rates facilitated by rapid OMA formation after the spill incident may explain the oil fraction (27–37%) that was unaccounted in mass balance models that considered factors such as evaporative loss and oil recovered by clean up operations.</div>","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 149-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00056-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82053149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31