OSSA II管道溢油:溢油的特性和风化

Spill Science & Technology Bulletin Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI:10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00046-4

Gregory S Douglas , Edward H Owens , Jeffery Hardenstine , Roger C Prince

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引用次数: 56

摘要

2000年1月30日，OSSA II管道在穿越南美洲玻利维亚的rbi - o Desaguadero时发生了一次意外漏油事故。本文讨论了泄漏油的组成和泄漏后发生的独特风化过程。在最初释放后大约一年的时间里，从河岸和周围地区收集了石油、含油沉积物、水和植被的样本。采用气相色谱-火焰电离检测器和气相色谱-质谱联用法对样品进行了分析。还进行了实验室研究，以评估管道油的最大蒸发程度和水溶性程度。基于这些化学分析，得出了几个结论:•苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯(BTEX)和多环芳烃(PAH)油馏分的损失迅速而大量。•BTEX和多环芳烃的损失主要是由于蒸发。滞留剩余油主要由重质、不流动的碳氢化合物组成。•观察到多环芳烃的光氧化，包括苯并(a)芘。•观察到一种独特的风化机制，选择性地从散装油中去除中程碳氢化合物(C20至C39)。•由于石油的广泛风化，溢油的整体环境风险已经降低。

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The OSSA II Pipeline Oil Spill: the Character and Weathering of the Spilled Oil

On January 30, 2000, an accidental oil release occurred from a fracture in the OSSA II pipeline where it crosses over the Rı́o Desaguadero in Bolivia, South America. This paper addresses the composition of the spilled oil and the unique weathering processes that occurred after the spill. Samples of oil, oiled sediment, water, and vegetation were collected from the riverbank and surrounding areas for approximately one year after the initial release. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector and by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to characterize the weathered product. Laboratory studies were also performed to evaluate the maximum extent of evaporation of the pipeline oil, and the extent of water solubility. Based on these chemical analyses, several conclusions were reached:

•
There was a rapid and substantial loss of the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) oil fractions.
•
The BTEX and PAH losses were due primarily to evaporation.
•
The stranded residual oil consisted primarily of heavy, immobile hydrocarbons.
•
Photooxidation of PAHs, including benzo(a)pyrene, was observed.
•
A unique weathering mechanism was observed that selectively removed mid-range hydrocarbons (C20 through C39) from the bulk oil.
•
The overall environmental risk of the spilled oil has been reduced due to the extensive weathering of the oil.

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Spill Science & Technology Bulletin

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