Solar Compass最新文献

{"title":"Photovoltaic penetration potential in the Greek island of Ikaria","authors":"Maria Fotopoulou ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Rakopoulos ,&nbsp;Kyriaki-Nefeli Malamaki ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Andriopoulos ,&nbsp;Georgios Lampsidis ,&nbsp;Konstantinos Kaousias","doi":"10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The operation of Distribution Networks (DNs) has been affected by the ongoing energy transition, gradually incorporating more Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), mainly Renewable Energy Sources (RES), as well as Energy Storage Systems (ESS) sustainably enhancing DN’s flexibility. In the case of the non-interconnected island of Ikaria, Greece, with high solar and wind potential, the DN includes conventional generators, Photovoltaic systems (PVs), wind farms and a hydro-pumped ESS. Scope of this study is to assess the possible impact of the PVs expansion considering either: i) fixed, ii) single-axis or iii) dual-axis tracking panels. For this purpose, CERTH’s in-house INTEMA.grid platform is used. Tracking mechanism’s effectiveness is studied considering that the expansion doubles or triples the rated power of the existing, fixed 0.4 MW PVs, following the directions of the Distribution System Operator (DSO). Additionally, a monthly analysis is presented, because Ikaria is an island with extremely higher load during summer months due to tourism. According to the results, if the current PV capacity is doubled or tripled, a dual-axis expansion yields 16.0% or 21.3% yearly production increase compared to fixed panels, respectively, with the single-axis effect though being much higher (14% or 18.7%, respectively) than the incremental effect of the second axis (further comparative 1.8% or 2.3%, respectively). The effectiveness of tracking mechanisms is highlighted during summer months and particularly early in the morning or late in the afternoon. Finally, environmental and economic indicators for the proposed installations are assessed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101173,"journal":{"name":"Solar Compass","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772940024000146/pdfft?md5=939185c53b352d191c3486812b84a5a5&pid=1-s2.0-S2772940024000146-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization (M-MOPSO) for optimal sizing of a solar–wind–battery hybrid renewable energy system","authors":"Ukoima Kelvin Nkalo ,&nbsp;Okoro Ogbonnaya Inya ,&nbsp;Obi, Patrick Ifeanyi ,&nbsp;Akuru Udochukwu Bola ,&nbsp;Davidson Innocent Ewean","doi":"10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study proposes and utilizes a modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization (M-MOPSO) algorithm for the optimal sizing of a solar-wind-battery hybrid renewable energy system for a rural community in Rivers State, Nigeria. Unlike previous studies that primarily focused on minimizing total economic cost (TEC) and total annual cost (TAC), this research emphasizes minimizing the loss of power supply probability (LPSP) and levelized cost of energy (LCOE). The M-MOPSO algorithm introduces a dynamic inertia weight, a unique repository update mechanism, and a dominance-based personal best update strategy, which collectively enhance its performance. Comparative analysis with PSO, NSGA-II, MOPSO and hybrid GA-PSO demonstrates that M-MOPSO consistently achieves a lower LPSP, although its LCOE remains higher. The M-MOPSO optimal configuration when simulated under various climatic scenarios was able to meet the energy needs of the community irrespective of ambient condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101173,"journal":{"name":"Solar Compass","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277294002400016X/pdfft?md5=cbcdd9f060392d2e387000ed198d1c74&pid=1-s2.0-S277294002400016X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of Ni:ZnO thin films as photoanode for planar perovskite solar cell","authors":"R.K. Pandey,&nbsp;Anjali Vaishnaw,&nbsp;Koushik Ghosh,&nbsp;Pratibha Xalxo,&nbsp;P.K. Bajpai","doi":"10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thin films of Ni:ZnO were successfully synthesized by sol-gel spin coating system for 0.5 % and 2.5 % Ni doping concentration on FTO coated substrate. The synthesized films were annealed at 540 °C for 4 h. The annealed thin films were characterized for its electrical, optical and chemical characteristics using UV–Vis, Micro Raman, and FTIR spectroscopy, respectively. The UV–Vis spectra analysis reveals that the energy band gap of deposited films found to be 3.58 eV and 3.51 eV for 0.5 % and 2.5 % Ni:ZnO thin films, respectively. Two significant characteristic peaks identified at 424 cm⁻¹ and 563 cm⁻¹ in Raman spectra. These peaks are attributed to <span><math><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mn>2</mn><mrow><mi>h</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>h</mi></mrow></msubsup></math></span> and LO(A₁ and E₁) modes, which confirms the hexagonal wurtzite phase of Ni:ZnO thin films. Furthermore, the absorption peaks observed at 530 cm⁻¹ and 635 cm⁻¹ in the FTIR spectra are attributed to the characteristic stretching vibrational modes of Zn-O and Ni-O bonds, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101173,"journal":{"name":"Solar Compass","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772940024000183/pdfft?md5=013419fe3054faccaae1b0585c748658&pid=1-s2.0-S2772940024000183-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical analysis and design of a novel solar beam down concentrator for indoor cooking","authors":"Dev Banitia ,&nbsp;Siddharth Ramachandran ,&nbsp;Satya Sekhar Bhogilla ,&nbsp;P.K. Vijayan","doi":"10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This investigation provides the design and optical analysis of an innovative solar beam-down configuration, which can be a promising passive solution for indoor solar-based cooking, offering an eco-friendly and sustainable approach. The system uses a beam-down parabolic dish concentrator to concentrate the solar radiation onto a ground-mounted receiver module, which has a secondary optical module consisting of a secondary reflector-light pipe system. The receiver module is a well-insulated tank consisting of a receiver in contact with a primary heat transfer fluid. The thermal energy stored in the receiver module is transported via a secondary heat transfer fluid to and from the cooktop via a tube-in-tube arrangement, which induces a thermosyphon effect. A multi-variable optical analysis through an efficient ray tracing methodology has been adopted to identify optimal design values of optical components such as parabolic dish concentrators, secondary reflectors, and light pipe-receiver assemblies. The optimal optical design parameters and their corresponding ray trace analysis results are elaborated. It was found that the designed beam-down parabolic dish concentrator system provides an ideal thermal energy of 10.3 kWh per day at an average DNI of 650 W/m². Further, this investigation provides a design for a beam-down parabolic dish concentrating system that may be used for efficient and sustainable solar energy solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101173,"journal":{"name":"Solar Compass","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772940024000171/pdfft?md5=1344265947fae8727875e99b29b6b4c5&pid=1-s2.0-S2772940024000171-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The high price U.S green economy: A specific factor modeling","authors":"Osei-Agyeman Yeboah,&nbsp;Nicholas Mensah Amoah,&nbsp;Kwadwo Antwi-Wiafe","doi":"10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The high price of energy due to the green energy policy will cause adjustments across the U.S. economy is predicted in the present computable general equilibrium with specific factors model. This includes energy input, especially electricity with capital and labor to produce manufacturing and service goods. 2022 labor, energy, and sector-specific capital input data on U.S. manufacturing, service, and agricultural sectors is applied to specific factors of the computable general equilibrium model. The model, which assumes constant returns, full employment, competitive pricing, and perfect labor mobility across industries hypothesizes a range of price changes due to project potential adjustments in factor prices and outputs. The U.S manufacturing sector is revealed to have a higher degree of noncompetitive pricing for energy factor inputs, but not on labor and capital as advocates for green energy tout by the new technology. The policy has virtually no significant impact on the service and agricultural sectors. The high price of green energy will cause an elastic decrease in all energy inputs. The output from energy-intensive manufacturing only rises in the long run by 4 % while service and agriculture fall. Clear winners are the owners of energy resources through their price-searching behavior. This includes the government, which owns a large share of hydrocarbon reserves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101173,"journal":{"name":"Solar Compass","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772940024000158/pdfft?md5=2c3ae48447465a35f137b47290cc0179&pid=1-s2.0-S2772940024000158-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of concentrated solar power status and challenges in India","authors":"Anil Kumar Yadav ,&nbsp;Anil Kumar ,&nbsp;Shailendra Sinha","doi":"10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology has emerged as a promising renewable energy solution, offering a sustainable and efficient means of electricity generation and thermal energy storage. India, endowed with abundant solar irradiance, has made significant strides in promoting CSP technology as part of its renewable energy portfolio. With a growing focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing energy security, the Indian government has initiated numerous policies, incentives, and projects to encourage CSP adoption. Parabolic trough collectors, a type of linear concentrating system, are currently in widespread use. Power or solar towers are the most common type of point concentrating CSP technology currently in use. India aims to achieve a renewable energy capacity of 175 GW by 2022, with solar power constituting 100 GW of the overall target. Concentrated solar power technology is slated to grow 87% during 2018–2023, 32% faster than in the previous five-year period 2012–2017 and reach 4.3 GW in 2023. In future, present review paper can be regarded as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers and industry professionals seeking to comprehend the present condition of concentrated solar power in India. It can aid in the development of strategies to address obstacles and advance sustainable and efficient solar energy solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101173,"journal":{"name":"Solar Compass","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772940024000134/pdfft?md5=20525f4931ca5cf71d43c87bdaf80d6d&pid=1-s2.0-S2772940024000134-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the economic viability of decentralised solar PV-based green hydrogen for cooking in Ghana","authors":"Flavio Odoi-Yorke ,&nbsp;Agnes Abeley Abbey ,&nbsp;Anthony Kaku ,&nbsp;Stephen Afonaa-Mensah ,&nbsp;Ephraim Bonah Agyekum ,&nbsp;Charles Benjamin Essuman ,&nbsp;John Eshun Davis ,&nbsp;Ransford Opoku Darko ,&nbsp;Lawrence Atepor","doi":"10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing countries, including Ghana, face challenges ensuring access to clean and reliable cooking fuels and technologies. Traditional biomass sources mainly used in most developing countries for cooking contribute to deforestation and indoor air pollution, necessitating a shift towards environmentally friendly alternatives. The study's primary objective is to evaluate the economic viability of using solar PV-based green hydrogen as a sustainable fuel for cooking in Ghana. The study adopted well-established equations to investigate the economic performance of the proposed system. The findings revealed that the levelized cost of hydrogen using the discounted cash flow approach is about 89 %, 155 %, and 190 % more than electricity, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and charcoal. This implies that using the hydrogen produced for cooking fuel is not cost-competitive compared to LPG, charcoal, and electricity. However, with sufficient capital subsidies to lower the upfront costs, the analysis suggests solar PV-based hydrogen could become an attractive alternative cooking fuel. In addition, switching from firewood to solar PV-based hydrogen for cooking yields the highest carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions savings across the cities analysed. Likewise, replacing charcoal with hydrogen also offers substantial CO₂ emissions savings, though lower than switching from firewood. Correspondingly, switching from LPG to hydrogen produces lower CO₂ emissions savings than firewood and charcoal. The study findings could contribute to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable energy solutions, offering practical insights for policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders seeking to promote clean cooking adoption in developing economies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101173,"journal":{"name":"Solar Compass","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772940024000122/pdfft?md5=3d10630cf43561e5f6c255bff47cb166&pid=1-s2.0-S2772940024000122-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141607791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical perspective and analysis of two-step thermochemical fuel production cycles","authors":"Alon Lidor ,&nbsp;Brendan Bulfin","doi":"10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two-step thermochemical fuel production cycles powered using concentrating solar systems offer a route to convert solar energy to chemical fuels. In this work, we offer a critical assessment of the state of the art, a detailed technical analysis of this technology in terms of theoretical limitations and potential performance, and potential paths forward in the development of these processes. The state of the art for demonstrated reactor systems is analyzed using key performance indicators including energy efficiency, feedstock conversion extent, power output, and volumetric power density. The technical analysis first looks into the theoretical limitations on the cycles’ process conditions and the role of the redox material. This is followed by a detailed thermodynamic analysis of the state-of-the-art <span><math><msub><mtext>CeO</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span>-based cycle, based on fixed bed mixed flow reactors, which closely represent the reactor designs used in demonstrations. Finally, a scale-up analysis is performed for the <span><math><msub><mtext>CeO</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span>-based cycle. The results from the theoretical analysis agree well with trends seen in experimental demonstrations of the concept. From the analysis, the low power density of the <span><math><msub><mtext>CeO</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span>-based cycle is highlighted as a critical design limitation that will seriously restrict further scale-up of this technology. We share perspective on this and other issues, and offer some outlook for future development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101173,"journal":{"name":"Solar Compass","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772940024000110/pdfft?md5=d5e11e70eb52f0bce855a6b2d3965272&pid=1-s2.0-S2772940024000110-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141582579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient energy for buildings: Beyond energy efficiency","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The following <strong>Key Messages</strong> comprise the salient findings of this study:</p><p><strong>1. Ambient energy (from sun, air, ground, and sky) can heat and cool buildings</strong>; provide hot water, ventilation, and daylighting; dry clothes; and cook food. These services account for about three-quarters of building energy consumption and a third of total US demand. <strong>Biophilic design (direct and indirect connections with nature) is an intrinsic adjunct to ambient energy systems</strong>, and improves wellness and human performance.</p><p><strong>2. The current strategy of electrification and energy efficiency for buildings will not meet our climate goals,</strong> because the transition to an all-renewable electric grid is too slow. <strong>Widespread adoption of ambient energy is needed.</strong> Solar-heated buildings also flatten the seasonal demand for electricity compared to all-electric buildings, reducing required production capacity and long-term energy storage. In addition, <strong>ambient-conditioned buildings improve resilience</strong> by remaining livable during power outages.</p><p><strong>3. National policies, incentives, and marketing should be enacted to promote ambient energy use</strong>. Federal administrative priorities should reflect the importance of ambient energy for buildings. <strong>Use of ambient energy should be encouraged through existing and new building codes and standards</strong>.</p><p><strong>4. Ambient energy system design tools are needed</strong> for architects, engineers, builders, building scientists, realtors, appraisers, and consumers. PVWatts is used over 100 million times per year for photovoltaic system design. A similar, simple, and accessible tool for ambient design is crucial.</p><p><strong>5. Training on ambient energy is needed throughout secondary, post-secondary, and continuing education</strong> for workforce development. Currently, only about 10% of colleges teach courses on passive heating and cooling systems.</p><p><strong>6. Ambient-conditioned buildings should be demonstrated in all US climate zones</strong>. Performance should be monitored and reported, with quantitative case studies made widely available.</p><p><strong>7. While current technology is sufficient to build high-performance ambient buildings now, research is needed to develop new technologies</strong> to harness ambient energy more effectively and more economically. Such advancements will facilitate adoption of ambient energy technologies in a wider range of buildings, including retrofits. Examples include windows with much lower thermal losses, use of the building shell for thermal storage, alternative light-weight thermal storage systems, sky-radiation cooling systems, automated controls for solar gains and passive cooling, and ground coupling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101173,"journal":{"name":"Solar Compass","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772940024000109/pdfft?md5=61c3fdbf368363694ed38be9e8978f31&pid=1-s2.0-S2772940024000109-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141398310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of multiple distributed solar PV (DSP) into the grid: The case of the distribution network in Freetown, Sierra Leone","authors":"Mohamed Osman Mansaray ,&nbsp;Felix Amankwah Diawuo ,&nbsp;Benjamin Bantinge","doi":"10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The optimal integration of distributed solar photovoltaic (DSP) is a transformative engineering method that is key in contributing to a sustainable and resilient energy future, especially when countries seek to increase the proportion of renewables in their energy mix to reduce carbon emissions. This paper presents a power flow-based approach that makes use of Newton Raphson's method in the ETAP tool to integrate multiple DSPs into both the existing and expanded Freetown distribution networks. The study determined the network's hosting capacities and optimal points of injection for the reduction of active power loss and improvement of bus voltage profiles. The study showed that the existing Freetown distribution network had a hosting capacity of 34.6 MW with an active power loss reduction of 0.967 MW while the expanded Freetown distribution network had a hosting capacity of 59.57 MW with an active power loss reduction of 5.12 MW. Before the injection of the DSPs into both networks, most of the bus voltages were not within acceptable limits. However, with the intervention of the injected DSPs, bus voltages considerably improve. The study showed that the expanded Freetown distribution network is better for DSPs integration compared to the existing Freetown distribution network. To evaluate the impacts of the injected DSPs and to validate the model used, four network scenarios were considered. The study used an analytical approach, considering future load growth and an evolving grid to integrate DSPs for long-term planning. The study will inform policymakers, utilities, etc., about the potential of integrating DSPs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101173,"journal":{"name":"Solar Compass","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100075"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772940024000092/pdfft?md5=0fffd759bcc381486b84737e7622ddb8&pid=1-s2.0-S2772940024000092-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}