美国高价绿色经济:特定因素模型

Osei-Agyeman Yeboah, Nicholas Mensah Amoah, Kwadwo Antwi-Wiafe
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摘要

根据目前的可计算一般均衡与特定因素模型预测,绿色能源政策导致的高能源价格将引起整个美国经济的调整。这包括能源投入,特别是生产制造业和服务业产品的资本和劳动力的电力投入。美国制造业、服务业和农业部门的 2022 年劳动力、能源和特定部门资本投入数据被应用于可计算一般均衡模型的特定因素。该模型假定回报率不变、充分就业、竞争性定价以及劳动力在各行业间的完全流动性,假设要素价格和产出的项目潜在调整会导致一系列价格变化。结果显示,美国制造业在能源要素投入方面的非竞争性定价程度较高,但在劳动力和资本方面的非竞争性定价程度并不像绿色能源倡导者所吹捧的新技术那样高。该政策对服务业和农业部门几乎没有重大影响。绿色能源的高价格将导致所有能源投入的弹性减少。从长远来看,能源密集型制造业的产出仅增长 4%,而服务业和农业则会下降。能源资源的所有者因其寻价行为而成为明显的赢家。这其中包括拥有大量碳氢化合物储备的政府。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The high price U.S green economy: A specific factor modeling

The high price of energy due to the green energy policy will cause adjustments across the U.S. economy is predicted in the present computable general equilibrium with specific factors model. This includes energy input, especially electricity with capital and labor to produce manufacturing and service goods. 2022 labor, energy, and sector-specific capital input data on U.S. manufacturing, service, and agricultural sectors is applied to specific factors of the computable general equilibrium model. The model, which assumes constant returns, full employment, competitive pricing, and perfect labor mobility across industries hypothesizes a range of price changes due to project potential adjustments in factor prices and outputs. The U.S manufacturing sector is revealed to have a higher degree of noncompetitive pricing for energy factor inputs, but not on labor and capital as advocates for green energy tout by the new technology. The policy has virtually no significant impact on the service and agricultural sectors. The high price of green energy will cause an elastic decrease in all energy inputs. The output from energy-intensive manufacturing only rises in the long run by 4 % while service and agriculture fall. Clear winners are the owners of energy resources through their price-searching behavior. This includes the government, which owns a large share of hydrocarbon reserves.

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