Smart Materials in Manufacturing最新文献

{"title":"Additive manufacturing of high-entropy alloys: Current status and challenges","authors":"Mehmet Cagirici ,&nbsp;Sheng Guo ,&nbsp;Jun Ding ,&nbsp;Upadrasta Ramamurty ,&nbsp;Pan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing (AM) of alloys has garnered substantial scientific and technological interest due to its applications in the manufacturing of structural components. High entropy alloys (HEAs) represent a novel class of structural materials that have received significant attention in the past two decades. AM methods such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) offer the capability to tailor the microstructures of alloys, facilitating the production of HEAs with tailored properties. The rapid advancements in this field necessitate an updated and comprehensive review on the design and production of HEAs specific to additive manufacturing. This review summarizes the relationships among processing parameters, microstructure, and resultant properties in AM-produced HEAs. Special attention is given to AM techniques, including powder bed fusion, directed energy deposition, and binder jet printing. This review extensively examines the effects of feedstock quality and processing parameters on the formation of metallurgical defects, as-built microstructure, mechanical behavior, and corrosion resistance of single-phase HEAs, multi-phase HEAs, and HEA matrix composites. Additionally, the applications of AM-produced HEAs, the challenges associated with their production via AM techniques, and future perspectives identified through a thorough literature survey are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural, electronic, and mechanical properties of Mg–Dy intermetallic phases studied by first-principles calculations","authors":"Mengqin He ,&nbsp;Yuting Yang ,&nbsp;Qian Ma ,&nbsp;Yuquan Cheng ,&nbsp;Mengting Zhou ,&nbsp;Yunfei Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rare earth elements such as Dy, Gd and Y have been utilized in the fabrication of binary Mg alloys due to their beneficial effects on the formation of oxidation layers on the surface and intermetallics in the Mg matrix. These effects have been shown to enhance the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the alloys. Therefore, the study of Mg–Dy intermetallic phases is regarded as significantly important. These phases are considered to hold great potential effects on the properties of Mg–Dy alloys for various applications, thereby making their investigation essential in the academic and scientific domains. In this study, the energy, density of states, optical properties and elastic properties of the Mg₁Dy₁, Mg₂Dy, Mg₃Dy, and Mg₂₄Dy₅ intermetallic phases were calculated using first principles calculations. Based on the calculated formation enthalpy (derived from the energy) and density of states, it is suggested that the Mg₁Dy₁ phase exhibits greater stability compared to the other three Mg–Dy intermetallic phases. The calculated formation enthalpy results indicate that all four Mg–Dy phases are stable, while the band structure and density of states plots show metallic characteristics for these phases. The optical properties of the intermetallic phases were investigated, and the static dielectric constants for Mg₁Dy₁, Mg₂Dy, Mg₃Dy, and Mg₂₄Dy₅ were calculated to be 266.47 eV, 285.80 eV, 257.75 eV, and 373.98 eV, respectively. In addition, concerning the study of absorption spectra, the maximum values of the absorption coefficients for all four intermetallic phases occur within the energy range of 40–65 eV for incident light. Born-Huang's mechanical stability theory was employed to calculate the elastic constants of each Mg–Dy phase, and the bulk modulus (<em>B</em>), shear modulus (<em>G</em>), Young's modulus (<em>E</em>), Poisson's ratio (<em>υ</em>), and theoretical hardness (<em>H</em>_<em>V</em>) were derived. The results of the elastic modulus calculations indicate that the <em>B</em>, <em>G</em>, <em>E, υ</em>, <em>H</em>_<em>V</em> of the Mg₁Dy₁ phase are higher than those of the other Mg–Dy intermetallic phases. The Poisson's ratio (<em>υ</em>) and the ratio of bulk modulus to shear modulus (<em>B</em>/<em>G</em>) indicate that the Mg₂₄Dy₅ phase is ductile, while the other three phases are brittle. Finally, the universal anisotropy (<em>A</em>^<em>U</em>) is ranked as Mg₃Dy &gt; Mg₁Dy₁ &gt; Mg₂₄Dy₅ &gt; Mg₂Dy, with the Mg₃Dy phase exhibiting the most pronounced elastic anisotropy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810224000126/pdfft?md5=be78c6d88c5af4293c9d1f69dffc24dc&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810224000126-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermally-activated locomotion of a bilayer polymer actuator","authors":"A.N. Fedoryak ,&nbsp;T.P. Doroshenko ,&nbsp;O.G. Golenkov ,&nbsp;M. Kratzer ,&nbsp;M. Huszar ,&nbsp;K. Plevova ,&nbsp;L. Haiden ,&nbsp;C. Teichert ,&nbsp;O.P. Dimitriev","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of smart actuators based on renewable or biocompatible materials, which are able for delivery of specific cargo is of great importance in robotics, medical and material science engineering, food industry, etc. Here, we report the original design of a bilayer polymer actuator consisting of two polymer materials with an interface adhesive layer between them, able for macroscopic locomotion step by step on a special ratchet substrate through repetitive bending and straightening. This was triggered by heat alternation due to incandescent lamp radiation on/off switching, with a rapid reaction time of the actuator to heat exposure of the order of few seconds. Specifically, a relatively fast locomotion of the actuator was achieved due to the large amplitude of its reversible bending deformation of up to ∼40% measured in terms of the actuator's elevation-to-length ratio. As a result, a typical actuator demonstrated the locomotion velocity of about 3 cm/min, where each cycle of contraction/expansion yielded a walking step of ∼1 cm for about 20 s. It was demonstrated that the actuator, while moving, is able to carry a cargo almost twice heavier than the mass of the carrier itself. Based on optical microscopy and atomic force - infrared spectroscopy data it was concluded that the adhesive interface layer plays an important role in the stable operation of the actuator as it retards linear expansion of the rear polymer layer and thus assists conversion of different linear expansion of the adjacent layers into their effective bending.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810224000047/pdfft?md5=8dc67ad629cdd1016db06a93919e79f6&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810224000047-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139942612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadening the microstructure regime of Al2O3–ZrO2 hypereutectic ceramic fabricated via laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Kai Zhang ,&nbsp;Shurui Li ,&nbsp;Tingting Liu ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Xiong ,&nbsp;Zhiguang Zhu ,&nbsp;Yang Zhang ,&nbsp;Abid Ullah ,&nbsp;Wenhe Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The microstructure and mechanical property regime of laser powder bed fusion fabricated Al₂O₃–ZrO₂ hypereutectic ceramic samples were thoroughly investigated by tailoring the printing parameters. The findings indicate that both the hypereutectic and eutectic microstructure are obtained depending on the varying printing parameters. The ZrO₂ dendrites in the hypereutectic structure gradually refine as the laser energy density increases, while the surrounding eutectic structure evolves continuously. The uniform eutectic microstructure is developed until the dendrites disappear. Simultaneously, it is observed that coarse Al₂O₃ particles were formed in the overlap part of the eutectic structure where the laser energy is higher. In terms of mechanical properties, the samples with alumina particles in the eutectic microstructure have a maximum hardness of 1616.13 HV, while the sample with uniform eutectic microstructure has the highest fracture toughness of 5.87 MPa⋅m^1/2. These findings can contribute to the introduction of a unique microstructure in Al₂O₃–ZrO₂ ceramic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810224000059/pdfft?md5=a9d93b00a7fc645b9bdff494b53ed248&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810224000059-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139992643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of surface topographic morphologies and nanoparticle incorporation on surface properties of pure Ti implants for oral applications","authors":"Xun Ma ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Ji ,&nbsp;Tao Li ,&nbsp;Ping Liu ,&nbsp;Jingjing Wang ,&nbsp;Fengcang Ma ,&nbsp;Ke Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Chen ,&nbsp;Jiannan Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One common problem in using titanium (Ti) dental implants is peri-implantitis. To prevent peri-implantitis on Ti implants in an oral environment, we introduced novel topographic microstructures onto the surfaces of pure Ti implants via sandblasting, acid etching, and hydrothermal treatment before adding ZnO nanocomposite coatings and TiO₂ nanocomposite coatings via magnetron sputtering. We comprehensively investigated the influence of surface topographic morphologies and elemental composition of coatings on the physicochemical properties and antibacterial efficacy of the specimens. Our results indicate that the novel topographic surfaces and magnetron sputtered coatings both exhibit good cytocompatibility. Our results also suggest that coating composition, rather than surface topographic morphology, is the primary factor influencing the antibacterial performance of Ti implants. Therefore, the magnetron sputtering of ZnO and TiO₂ coatings onto surfaces can be an effective technique for improving the antibacterial properties of Ti implants for oral applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810224000060/pdfft?md5=5a9f4dc8e09263248742a3c3ee054da8&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810224000060-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140112941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiprocess additive manufacturing via fused deposition modeling, chemical deposition, and electroplating with tough interfacial adhesion","authors":"Ruslan Melentiev ,&nbsp;Abraham Lagerweij ,&nbsp;Gilles Lubineau","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2023.100043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2023.100043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multiprocess additive manufacturing (MPAM) unlocks new materials and design spaces where multimaterial components consisting of polymers, metals, and ceramics can be produced as one consolidated part. MPAM enables state-of-the-art 3D-printed electronics and devices with embedded functionality by combining fused deposition modeling with chemical deposition and electroplating processes. However, the metalized plastic devices produced by these processes have a short lifespan because of their poor structural integrity due to the low adhesion at the metal–polymer interface. In this study, we elaborated on the adhesion mechanism at the 3D-printed metal–polymer interface and identified the MPAM factors that elevated significantly the integrity of metalized plastic components. The effects of the 3D-printed surface texture and surface treatment on the adhesion strength of copper plated on acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene parts were analyzed. We found that a certain 3D-printed topography modified by quick acid etching created a hierarchically structured interface with superimposed macroscale, microscale, and nanoscale roughness that symbiotically improved the metal–polymer adhesion. These results have practical implications for automated equipment manufacturers and the electronic industry adapting MPAM for the 3D printing of multimaterial components and devices with embedded functionality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810223000326/pdfft?md5=28cdca89705c2e019b14a60c0b5234ec&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810223000326-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92026701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility, challenges and future prospects of biodegradable zinc alloys as orthopedic internal fixation implants","authors":"Kai Chen ,&nbsp;Xuenan Gu ,&nbsp;Yufeng Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2023.100042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2023.100042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Compared to biodegradable Mg-based and Fe-based alloys, Zn-based alloys offer distinct advantages as orthopedic internal fixation implants due to their tunable mechanical strength, moderate corrosion rate, pleasant cytocompatibility, dose-dependent osteoinductivity, intrinsic bacteriostatic activity. Therefore, recent attention has been paid on the design, fabrication, and clinical translation of Zn-based alloys. The purpose of this research was to briefly discuss the feasibility, challenges, and future prospects of utilizing biodegradable Zn-based alloys as orthopedic internal fixation implants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810223000314/pdfft?md5=833b74aa6f0da8c6a4ee6632691eb827&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810223000314-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92026702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized structure design of asymmetrical Mg alloy cerebrovascular stent with high flexibility","authors":"Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Chao Yan ,&nbsp;Di Mei ,&nbsp;Yafei Li ,&nbsp;Kun Sheng ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Liguo Wang ,&nbsp;Shijie Zhu ,&nbsp;Shaokang Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2023.100040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2023.100040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the treatment of cerebral artery stenosis via stent intervention, it is required that the stent can pass through the tortuous blood vessel with high curvature to reach the lesion position smoothly, and the damage to the artery should be as small as possible. This determines that the coronary artery stent cannot be directly applied to the diseased cerebrovascular, but a specialized cerebrovascular stent with high flexibility should be specifically designed. Differing from the commonly employed symmetrical structure, in this work, an asymmetrical and unequal-heigh stent structure was designed, which helps to improve the flexibility of the stent and reduces the self-contact phenomenon that occurs after the ordinary stent is bent. To balance the comprehensive properties of the stent, multi-objective optimization on the stent structure was carried out. The optimized stent structure shows better radial strength and flexibility and does not significantly affect equivalent plastic strain after stent expansion and volume average stress. In addition, this work provides a universal workflow for the customized stent structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50200050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel approach to the 3D printing of biphasic calcium phosphate/molybdenum disulfide composite reinforced with polyamide12","authors":"K. Prem Ananth ,&nbsp;Naidu Dhanpal Jayram ,&nbsp;Kandasamy Muthusamy","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2023.100037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2023.100037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In practical terms, the successful treatment of critical-sized bone defects remains a formidable obstacle. Among various options for bone regeneration, a customized 3D composite scaffold is widely acknowledged as the optimal choice. In the present study, we have developed a specialized composite scaffold utilizing biphasic calcium phosphate/molybdenum disulfide (BCp/MoS₂) reinforced with polyamide12 (PA12) through the selective laser sintering (SLS) technique, employing different laser powers: 16W, 18W, 20W, and 22W. Notably, the BCp/MoS₂/PA12 scaffold described in this research has not been explored in previous investigations. Analysis using a 3D profilometer reveals that the surface properties of the scaffold exhibit a robust mechanical interconnection between the 3-wt percent (Wt%) BCp/MoS₂ composite within the PA12 matrix, particularly at a laser power of 22W. Remarkably, the mechanical properties of BCp/MoS₂/PA12, including tensile strength (47.64 ± 0.42 MPa) and Young's modulus (2.31 ± 0.15 MPa), surpass those of pure PA12. These enhanced mechanical characteristics hold promising implications for the future advancement of bone tissue engineering. To comprehensively evaluate the composite scaffolds, we thoroughly investigated their thermal behavior and conducted morphological analysis. Moreover, after 21 days, in vitro live/dead results exhibited living cells along with their distinctive filopodia morphology, providing compelling evidence of the composite's non-toxicity. Further cell adhesion results showed enhanced growth, multiplication, and more reliable attachment and spreading across the composite surface. Encouragingly, the observed biological activity of the BCp/MoS₂/PA12 scaffold with a 3 wt% concentration at a laser power of 22W suggests its significant potential for application in implant-related scenarios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50200053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of calcium carbonate coating on magnesium-neodymium alloy for mitigation of corrosion in simulated concrete pore solution","authors":"Changyang Liu,&nbsp;Jinghong Wang,&nbsp;Yujie Yang,&nbsp;Xinran Yao,&nbsp;Jiapeng Sun,&nbsp;Guosong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2023.100039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2023.100039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coating is frequently regarded as one of the most important ways to improve the corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys, and this study proposes a simple strategy for corrosion protection of Mg alloys by chemical solution deposition. A magnesium-neodymium (Mg-Nd) alloy is treated in an aqueous solution prepared with sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride. After being soaked at 50 °C for 4 h, a layer of uniform calcium carbonate coating with a thickness of about 20 μm has been successfully deposited on the Mg-Nd alloy. Both the electrochemical test and immersion test confirm that this coating significantly improves the corrosion resistance of the Mg-Nd alloy in simulated concrete pore solution containing Cl⁻. The wetting behavior of the coated sample can be further changed by chemical surface modification with perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDS), which is confirmed by contact angle test, sliding angle test and self-cleaning test. The hydrophobic nature of the modified surface is thought to be responsible for the self-cleaning ability. In summary, it implies that the Mg alloy with a protective calcium carbonate coating has the potential to be used as a type of new civil and building material for lightweight construction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50200052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}