Enqing Wang , Jinpeng Tuo , Fengqi Hou , Dongjie Li , Yuanhang Li , Lvhao Zheng , Kai Zhang , Longlong Dong , Yi Yang , Hao Wang , Aijun Huang , Lai-Chang Zhang
{"title":"Gradient microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V alloy induced by laser surface quenching","authors":"Enqing Wang , Jinpeng Tuo , Fengqi Hou , Dongjie Li , Yuanhang Li , Lvhao Zheng , Kai Zhang , Longlong Dong , Yi Yang , Hao Wang , Aijun Huang , Lai-Chang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laser surface quenching (LSQ) was employed to fabricate gradient microstructures in a Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The influence of the LSQ parameters on the surface morphology, the depth of the LSQ layer, gradient microstructure, and microhardness were investigated. The results showed that as the laser energy density increases, the surface roughness and thickness of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) increase. From the internal matrix to the surface, the microstructure in the HAZ changes from the equiaxed structure to the mixt structure, martensitic structure, Widmanstätten structure, and then the oxide layer. The size of the β grains gradually decreases as the distance from the surface increases. The different microstructures and elemental distributions in the HAZ result in different microhardness values, which gradually decrease from the surface to the matrix. The laser energy density of 8.0 J/mm<sup>2</sup> is recommended to obtain a HAZ with a thickness of 1200 μm and a peak microhardness of 393 ± 7.3 H V without surface remelting. The LSQ process may help to increase the longevity of Ti–6Al–4V alloy implants by hardening the surface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810224000138/pdfft?md5=b5d5c7c903e5da08d8da28047c59d13d&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810224000138-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141486257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingyi Wu , Liang Wu , Ruijun Wang , An Wang , Xiaowei Dai , Wenhui Yao , Yuan Yuan , Atrens Andrej , Jingfeng Wang , Fusheng Pan
{"title":"Preparation and corrosion behavior of layered double hydroxides-graphene oxide composite coatings modified by sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate on the surface of AZ31 Mg alloy","authors":"Mingyi Wu , Liang Wu , Ruijun Wang , An Wang , Xiaowei Dai , Wenhui Yao , Yuan Yuan , Atrens Andrej , Jingfeng Wang , Fusheng Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a class of two-dimensional anionic clays with adjustable structure, which have certain corrosion resistance. However, smooth growth path of LDHs nanosheets perpendicular to the substrate limits its application in the field of corrosion. Graphene oxide (GO) possess a high specific surface area and barrier properties, which provides a promising method for further improving the corrosion resistance of LDHs. In this work, we prepared three different concentrations of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) modified GO (GO:SDBS concentration ratio = 1:1, 1:2, 1:3), and present MgAlCe-LDHs@GO-SDBS composite coatings by one-step hydrothermal method with well-zigzag morphology and good corrosion resistance. GO-SDBS was successfully incorporated in the layered double hydroxide (LDHs), the corrosion current density of the MgAlCe-LDHs@GO-S<sub>2</sub> coatings was 1.60 × 10<sup>−8</sup> A cm<sup>−2</sup>, which was lower than other coatings. This one-step growth of MgAlCe-LDHs@GO-S method has potential applications in manufacture of anti-corrosion protection coatings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810224000114/pdfft?md5=d6a689b6d47ec75a162e75ff82daadeb&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810224000114-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Waqas , Asif Israr , Muhammad Ejaz Qureshi , Muhammad Muzamil , Arfan Majeed
{"title":"Experimental and statistical investigation of laser welding with different joint gap widths for HSLA steel","authors":"Muhammad Waqas , Asif Israr , Muhammad Ejaz Qureshi , Muhammad Muzamil , Arfan Majeed","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Automated Ytterbium (Yb) single pass fiber laser beam welding of High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) steel is an expensive process, so it's a need for machining process for butt joint preparation (CNC Milling and Grinding Machining) to make it less expensive to get the same material strength after constant varying joint gap. This study aims to optimize input parameters (fixed (Power and Speed), variable (Butt Joint Gap, and Focal Length)) with respect to output parameters (Distortion, Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), Residual Stresses (RS)) for a 4.5 mm thick 30CrMnSiA steel. Experiments and statistical modelling (using Design of Experiment) has been performed on 0–0.5 mm butt joint gap with 0.1 mm incremental size and without filler wire. The results showed that less percentage error in distortion, UTS and RS, which are 8.19 %, 2.38 % and 6.08 % respectively. In addition, 0.2–0.4 mm joint gaps show better tensile properties and almost equal to 95 % of base material (BM), by failure appearing on the BM (aside weld) due to annealed material condition. Micro-hardness measured at the fusion zone (max. 617 HV) was almost 3 times that of the base metal (max. 208 HV). Metallography study shows that fusion zone is consisted of martensite structure due to high cooling rate during laser beam welding process, so it has more strength as compared to other two zones (Heat affected zone (HAZ) and base material). Moreover, fractured tensile sample fractography study shows the ductile behavior of failure due to presence of dimples and voids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277281022400014X/pdfft?md5=fa0d609846f12d94c8412a5f6dc7d75d&pid=1-s2.0-S277281022400014X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142136482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Defect engineering in nanomaterials: Impact, challenges, and applications","authors":"Raghvendra Kumar Mishra , Kartikey Verma , Deepa sethi singh","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Defects in nanomaterials have emerged as a pivotal aspect influencing their properties and diverse applications across numerous industries. This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationship between defects, primarily in carbon nanotubes and graphene, and their implications across a spectrum of applications. Beginning with an introduction delving into the significance and types of defects, the review elucidates their multifaceted impact on the mechanical, electrical, and environmental characteristics of these nanomaterials. It presents detailed analyses of studies exploring defects in carbon nanotubes and graphene, shedding light on their effects on mechanical and electrical properties, alongside characterizing methods. The paper meticulously examines the extensive array of applications involving carbon nanotubes and graphene, encompassing electronics, biomedical advancements, and considerations for environmental sustainability. Furthermore, it systematically incorporates studies highlighting the implications of defects on these applications. This review precisely examines defect engineering in nanomaterials across various industries, emphasizing the nuanced role of defects in tailoring properties for specific applications. It concludes by summarizing the integral role defects play in shaping the future of nanomaterial applications in diverse industries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810224000096/pdfft?md5=a4ffbc24d69265528fdd94be3aa2008d&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810224000096-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141243489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seung Ho Lee , Ashjeev Luvnish , Xiao Su , Qingshi Meng , Ming Liu , Hsu-Chiang Kuan , Wasim Saman , Michel Bostrom , Jun Ma
{"title":"Advancements in polymer (Nano)composites for phase change material-based thermal storage: A focus on thermoplastic matrices and ceramic/carbon fillers","authors":"Seung Ho Lee , Ashjeev Luvnish , Xiao Su , Qingshi Meng , Ming Liu , Hsu-Chiang Kuan , Wasim Saman , Michel Bostrom , Jun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article explores (i) the potential of polymer (nano)composites as alternatives to conventional metals in the manufacture of heat exchangers and (ii) the application of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage. Bulk polymers, despite their lower thermal conductivity in comparison with metals, have advantages such as lightweight, corrosion resistance and cost-effectiveness. The paper emphasizes methods of enhancing polymers' thermal conductivity, particularly by incorporating fillers such as ceramics and carbon-based fillers into thermoplastics. Techniques such as twin-screw extrusion and injection molding are examined for producing thermally conductive polymer composites. The study also investigates the utilization of organic PCMs, focusing on their thermal enhancement through the addition of various nanoadditives. These developments collectively pave the way for designing innovative thermoplastic heat exchangers for PCM storage. The review culminates in identifying areas requiring further research, particularly in the reliable manufacture of polycarbonate/graphene nanoplatelet composites and the optimization of the thermal performance of polymer heat exchangers through advanced heat transfer designs and simulations. The findings could lead to the realization of low-cost and efficient polymer-based heat exchangers, contributing to the evolution of thermal energy storage systems and the reduction of global warming.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810224000011/pdfft?md5=4a56c628631f8efc1097cf2490564b78&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810224000011-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139487807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The inhibition effect of etidronate on degradation behavior of Mg–Zn–Y-Nd-Zr alloy","authors":"Di Mei, Yaqian Li, Xiaoshuang Ma, Liguo Wang, Shijie Zhu, Shaokang Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2023.100020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2023.100020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The control of corrosion behavior of Mg alloys for biomedical applications is a research hotspot in the field of biodegradable metallic implant materials. In recent years, the employment of corrosion inhibitors for regulating the corrosion behavior of Mg alloys has attracted attention. In this work, a promising corrosion inhibitor for Mg alloys, Etidronate (ETN), was selected from the drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis, and its effect on the corrosion behavior of Mg–Zn–Y-Nd-Zr (ZE21C Mg alloy) in simulated body fluids was systematically studied. The results show that ETN not only reduces the corrosion rate of the alloy, but also significantly weakens its tendency of localized corrosion, which is beneficial for improving the service reliability of Mg alloy for orthopedic application. This study provides an idea for corrosion control of biodegradable Mg alloys and is of great significance for promoting their development and applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810223000077/pdfft?md5=f5aa261f2bd0e59f2880f8881e56f4b1&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810223000077-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74950067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anelastic deformation of magnesium and its alloys – A review","authors":"Hua Qian Ang","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The deformation of Mg is made up of elastic, anelastic and plastic components. Unlike the elasticity and plasticity which have been widely studied, the anelasticity has been routinely ignored in many published works when characterising the behaviour of Mg and its alloys, due mainly to the difficulty in measuring the small region of anelasticity during deformation. This paper reviews the anelastic deformation of Mg and Mg alloys, covering its potential causes, affecting factors, and its implications on several material properties. The evidence from the literature suggests two possible mechanisms which may be responsible for the anelastic deformation: reversible {10 <span><math><mrow><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>‾</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> 2} twinning and reversible incipient kink bands in the form of basal dislocation loops. Several factors, such as grain size, loading direction, solute concentration, precipitation, strain rate and temperature, are also observed to influence the magnitude of anelasticity. A direct consequence of anelastic deformation is the variation of elastic modulus values. This can lead to ambiguities and errors in determining stiffness, yield strength and fatigue behaviour if a constant nominal elastic modulus is used in engineering analyses. This review paper has shown that the anelastic deformation of Mg remains under-reported and suggested some possible directions for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810224000084/pdfft?md5=7089e19d9236995c08b5d66d0126a332&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810224000084-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140548042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongtao Liu , Qingqing Zhao , Yilong Dai , Bo Deng , Jianguo Lin
{"title":"Enhancing corrosion and wear resistance of Nickel–aluminum bronze through laser-cladded amorphous-crystalline composite coating","authors":"Hongtao Liu , Qingqing Zhao , Yilong Dai , Bo Deng , Jianguo Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, laser-cladding technology was used to create Cu-based amorphous–crystalline composite coatings on the surface of Nickel-aluminum bronze (NAB), and the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion and wear resistance of the coatings were systematically investigated. The coatings consisted of a combination of amorphous and intermetallic compounds, with a positive correlation observed between the amorphous content and the laser scanning speed. Microstructural observations confirmed excellent metallurgical bonding between the coatings and substrate without any noticeable defects. Furthermore, electron back-scatter diffraction testing demonstrated a gradient structure from the substrate to the coating, confirming its composition as an amorphous–crystalline composite. At a laser scanning speed of 20 mm/s, the volume fraction of the amorphous phase of the coating reached 68.8%, with a microhardness approximately 4.5 times higher than that of the substrate and an average friction coefficient half that of the substrate. Moreover, the coatings showed a shift in corrosion potential by 149 mV with nearly an order-of-magnitude decrease in corrosion current density.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810224000035/pdfft?md5=49386698265965502fb26d402470fb55&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810224000035-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139715035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philip Clinton Offei Adu , Mathias Aakyiir , Xiao Su , Joherul Alam , Linh Chi Tran , Jiabin Dai , Qingshi Meng , Hsu-Chiang Kuan , Jun Ma
{"title":"Challenges and advancements in Elastomer/CNT nanocomposites with mechanochemical treatment, reinforcement mechanisms and applications","authors":"Philip Clinton Offei Adu , Mathias Aakyiir , Xiao Su , Joherul Alam , Linh Chi Tran , Jiabin Dai , Qingshi Meng , Hsu-Chiang Kuan , Jun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Elastomer/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites play a pivotal role in the evolution of flexible electronics, aerospace and automotive components, biomedical devices and smart materials. This article explores recent advancements and challenges in elastomer/CNT nanocomposites, with a focus on the role of mechanochemical treatment in dispersing multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) and single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs). The review starts with a brief overview of the structure, synthesis and purification methods of CNTs, providing essential background for new researchers to the field. The paper explores various nanocomposite preparation methods, including solution mixing, melt compounding, <em>in situ</em>-polymerisation and latex compounding, highlighting their impact on the dispersion of CNTs in elastomers as well as the limitations. Special attention is given to mechanochemistry, particularly ball milling, as a key technique for enhancing the dispersion of CNTs within the elastomer matrix. The relevant reinforcement mechanisms are also discussed, focusing on the role of the Halpin-Tsai and Einstein-Smallwood-Guth models, as well as the Payne and Mullins effects. Key application areas are discussed, demonstrating the versatility and significance of elastomer nanocomposites. This review identifies critical challenges in the field, including the need for uniform dispersion of CNTs within the elastomer matrix, improvement of interfacial bonding between the CNTs and the elastomer, and the necessity to balance these technological advancements with cost-effectiveness and sustainability considerations. It highlights the need for continued research and development to fully harness the potential of these materials. Conclusively, elastomer/CNT nanocomposites are poised to shape future technological advancements while facing critical challenges that necessitate innovative solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810224000102/pdfft?md5=568f31e06255a021c8d917a3fe6ea8a9&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810224000102-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141078483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prince Valentine Cobbinah , Sae Matsunaga , Yoshiaki Toda , Ryosuke Ozasa , Masayuki Okugawa , Takuya Ishimoto , Yuheng Liu , Yuichiro Koizumi , Pan Wang , Takayoshi Nakano , Yoko Yamabe-Mitarai
{"title":"Peculiar microstructural evolution and hardness variation depending on laser powder bed fusion-manufacturing condition in Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–6Mo","authors":"Prince Valentine Cobbinah , Sae Matsunaga , Yoshiaki Toda , Ryosuke Ozasa , Masayuki Okugawa , Takuya Ishimoto , Yuheng Liu , Yuichiro Koizumi , Pan Wang , Takayoshi Nakano , Yoko Yamabe-Mitarai","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to comprehensively analyze the phase and microstructure evolution and related hardness variations of the Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–6Mo wt.% (Ti6246) alloy produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) under various laser conditions and to gain insight into the mechanisms of these changes using numerical thermal analysis. Higher laser volumetric densities (VEDs) resulted in a finer α/α' microstructure and increased hardness, exhibiting a positive correlation with the VED, except under extremely high conditions. This contrary trend, reported for the first time, is attributed to the solid-phase transformation from the β phase to metastable α' martensite during LPBF induced by rapid cooling. Despite the finer microstructure, the samples under very high VED conditions showed lower hardness, deviating from the overall trend. The X-ray diffraction peaks in the high-VED samples suggested a partial decomposition of α' to α + β owing to laser-induced reheating of the underlying layers, which is considered a contributing factor to the hardness reduction. The numerical analysis showed that the underlying layer was exposed to high temperatures for a relatively long time under high-VED conditions. It was revealed that the hardness of LPBF-fabricated Ti6246 was influenced by unique thermal processes: rapid cooling and reheating of the pre-solidified part, leading to the formation of a metastable α' phase and partial decomposition into α + β. These findings provide insights for tailoring Ti6246 with desired physical properties via LPBF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810224000072/pdfft?md5=631952450d70320010648aa2a599d102&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810224000072-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}