Smart Materials in Manufacturing最新文献

{"title":"From fabrication to function: Mechanical insights into GelMA microneedle arrays","authors":"Moloud Amini Baghbadorani ,&nbsp;Masoumeh Zargar ,&nbsp;Asghar Eskandarinia ,&nbsp;Majid Tolouei-Rad","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) has emerged as a highly suitable material for microneedle (MN) fabrication, offering exceptional biocompatibility and cost-effectiveness. Despite significant advances introduced by GelMA hydrogels, research on GelMA MNs dates back to 2019, yet no review has specifically focused on the manufacturing techniques and mechanical properties of GelMA MNs. For the first time, this review aims to examine the manufacturing methods and mechanical characteristics of GelMA microneedles across various medical applications. Additionally, it discusses different approaches to mechanical characterization and identifies gaps in current manufacturing technologies. The review also explores the potential implications of GelMA MNs in drug delivery and disease diagnosis. Finally, additive manufacturing and hybrid methods, identified as the most promising techniques for future large-scale production, are proposed for further optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser directed energy deposition of TA15/TiAl bimetallic structure: laser power optimization, microstructure evolution and mechanical performance","authors":"Qing Liang ,&nbsp;Leyu Cai ,&nbsp;Qingge Wang ,&nbsp;Yafei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Liang ,&nbsp;Quan Shan ,&nbsp;Hong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the fabrication of crack-free TA15/TiAl bimetallic structures prepared by laser directed energy deposition (LDED) for high-temperature applications. By employing laser power (800−1600 W) for S1–S5 (1600, 1400, 1200, 1000, 800 W, respectively), defect-free interfaces were achieved, with sample S2 (1400 W) exhibiting the lowest porosity (0.19 %) and finest microstructure. The transition zone exhibited a composition gradient of Al/Ti, driven by atomic diffusion and Marangoni convection, resulting in a heterogeneous multi-gradient structure. Notably, the uniform distribution of FCC phase in the transition zone reduced stress concentration from Al₃Ti hard phase, while the absence of cracks and lack-of-fusion defects confirmed robust metallurgical bonding. Room-temperature tensile tests showed that sample S2 fractured near the TiAl side, achieving an ultimate tensile strength of 780 ± 25 MPa and elongation of 1.41 ± 0.11 %, attributed to stress redistribution facilitated by ductile α-Ti and gradient strain accommodation. These findings demonstrated that LDED-fabricated TA15/TiAl bimetallic composites exhibited enhanced interfacial strength and thermal stability, promising for aerospace components in extreme environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat sources in wire arc additive manufacturing and their impact on macro-microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties – An overview","authors":"Nabeel Ahmed Siddiqui ,&nbsp;Muhammad Muzamil ,&nbsp;Tariq Jamil ,&nbsp;Ghulam Hussain","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The layer-by-layer production idea known as Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is suggested as a viable substitute for conventional subtractive methods because of its ability to produce massive metallic components with a moderate degree of geometric complexity. This technology has garnered attention recently because of its advantages over traditional Additive Manufacturing (AM) procedures, namely its low cost and high deposition rates. This review investigated various electric arc heat inputs and energy sources for the material depositing processes of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), cold metal transfer (CMT), plasma arc welding (PAW)-based wire arc additive manufacturing systems. This is achieved through the application of a thorough methodology for comprehending the primary process factors and their impact on the final component qualities. In the present review, the macro-microstructure and mechanical behavior were examined with respect to various energy sources and electric arc heat inputs. This review also examines the input elements related to heat on the wire arc additive manufacturing process. It is necessary to describe the factors influencing these features in order to determine the best wire arc additive manufacturing technique in terms of heat input. The principal aim of the review is to investigate the correlation between heat input and the mechanical, microstructural, and macrostructural features of parts deposited using wire arc additive manufacturing technology. The heat input, which is thoroughly examined in this study, is crucial to the stability of the wire arc additive manufacturing process and affects the mechanical characteristics and microstructural development of the parts during the manufacturing process. The review addresses a wide range of materials, including aluminium alloys, copper alloys, steel alloys, nickel alloys, iron alloys, titanium alloys, magnesium alloys, and smart materials, with a focus on their microstructure, macrostructure, and mechanical properties, providing significant insights into their application across many industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the structure-property relationships of multilayered Helmholtz resonance-based acoustic metamaterials","authors":"Jun Wei Chua ,&nbsp;David Kar Wei Poh ,&nbsp;Shuwei Ding ,&nbsp;Haoran Pei ,&nbsp;Xinwei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The principle of Helmholtz resonance has been widely employed in the design of sound-absorbing metamaterials. However, the relationship between various acoustic parameters and sound absorption performance remains insufficiently understood. This work investigates the effect of various structural parameters of multi-layered Helmholtz resonators (MLHRs) on sound absorption properties from a statistical point of view. The Taguchi method was used in the study with the pore diameter, pore thickness, and cavity depth of a layer of Helmholtz resonator as control variables and the number of layers of resonators as the noise variable. Results revealed a clear hierarchy of importance for maximizing sound absorption: increasing the number of layers, reducing pore diameter, enhancing pore thickness, and expanding cavity depth. Additionally, it is also found that the influence of the number of layers on said relationships was greatest with smaller pore diameters larger pore thicknesses, and cavity depths. All three control variables showed significant effects on the sound absorption properties of MLHRs when the number of layers was more than two, while the cavity width showed limited influence on sound absorption coefficients for a two-layer MLHR. This work provides a foundational understanding of the structural-property relationships in MLHRs, paving the way for optimized designs to achieve optimal sound absorption performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum for previously published articles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel fiber-reinforced polymer tube connection mechanism utilizing NiTi shape memory alloy","authors":"Genchuang Li ,&nbsp;Khurram Munir","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) is extensively utilized in bridge engineering and aerospace due to their high specific strength-to-stiffness ratio. However, challenges in connecting composite materials with metals restrict their broader application. To address the limitations of existing composite tube connection mechanisms, this study proposes a novel mechanism of composite tube connection utilizing NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) to apply a preload force. The proposed connection mechanism consisted of three components: an internal steel tube, a composite tube, and an external tube made of NiTi SMA. Preload was applied to the composite tube through the shape memory effect of unidirectional NiTi alloy, which enhanced interfacial friction and improved load-bearing capacity. This study presents a systematic investigation of preload and load-bearing capacity of this connection mechanism. Additionally, a finite element model (FEM) was developed in computational multiphysics solutions (COMSOL) to analyze the preload distribution at the chamfer of the NiTi SMA tube. The proposed technique shows favorable mechanical properties of joint assembly which were tested by uniaxial compression tests, and therefore, it can be extensively applied in the engineering field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green and cost-effective anodizing approach for enhanced aluminium-polyurethane adhesive joints","authors":"Umut Bakhbergen ,&nbsp;Madina Moldabayeva ,&nbsp;Murat Demiral ,&nbsp;Qingshi Meng ,&nbsp;Sherif Araby","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acid-based anodizing treatment for metals is a traditional approach to improve the interfacial strength in adhesive joints. However, this raises handling risk and environmental concerns due to the use of hazardous/toxic chemicals in addition to the high expenses. This study proposes and systematically examines a cost-effective and green KCl/DMF anodizing process as an alternative surface treatment for aluminium (Al) alloy (Al2024-T3). A full factorial design of experiments was employed to quantify the influence of electrolyte concentration (0.05–0.1M), voltage (8–12 V) and time (5–15 min) on the surface characteristics of Al substrates. The treated Al sheets were adhesively bonded using polyurethane (PU) in the form of single lap joints. The formation of a porous oxide layer led to high surface roughness and surface free energy which facilitated strong mechanical interlocking at Al-PU interface. Consequently, the lap shear strength and fracture energy of Al-PU joints exhibited 3.5 and 67-fold increments after anodizing, respectively. Statistical analysis including main effects, Pareto chart and ANOVA identified time and concentration as dominant factors for both surface characteristics and strength. Strong interfacial bonding between KCl/DMF-anodized Al and PU was observed by SEM fracture analysis, shifting the failure mode to fully cohesive. In addition, finite element (FE) model was developed to investigate the role of surface texture in Al-PU adhesive joint behaviour. The FE models confirmed that optimized surface texture is needed in order to achieve the maximum lap joint strength. This study establishes KCl/DMF anodizing process as a novel, cost-effective, acid-free and readily compatible with the existing industry for adhesively joining polymer-metal composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive study on the biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of additively manufactured PLA-ZnO nanocomposites","authors":"Wei Juene Chong ,&nbsp;Paul Wright ,&nbsp;Dejana Pejak Simunec ,&nbsp;Srinivasan Jayashree ,&nbsp;Winston Liew ,&nbsp;Chad Heazlewood ,&nbsp;Adrian Trinchi ,&nbsp;Ilias (Louis) Kyratzis ,&nbsp;Yuncang Li ,&nbsp;Shirley Shen ,&nbsp;Antonella Sola ,&nbsp;Cuie Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The addition of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofillers to 3D printable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) filaments for material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing (fused filament fabrication, FFF, a.k.a. fused deposition modelling, FDM) has the potential to enable the fabrication of biomedical devices with embedded antibacterial functionality. This work investigates the biological properties, mainly the biodegradability, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity of 3D printed PLA-ZnO nanocomposites containing between 1 wt% to 5 wt% of either untreated or silane-treated filler. This study demonstrated that the concentration and surface properties of the filler control the matrix degradation rate, which directly influences the release rate of ZnO and Zn²⁺, which in turn governs the antibacterial properties of the nanocomposites. All nanocomposites showed excellent antibacterial properties (&gt; 99% reduction in bacteria) against both gram-positive (<em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>) and gram-negative (<em>Escherichia coli</em>) strains. Potential cytotoxic effects against human immune THP-1 cells were only evident at the highest filler loading (5 wt%), whereas nanocomposites with &lt; 5 wt% filler loading were non-cytotoxic after 7 days of exposure. The 3D printed PLA-ZnO nanocomposites produced in this study show potential for use in clinical settings, with nanocomposites having filler loadings of &lt; 2 wt% being the most appropriate candidates due to their excellent antibacterial properties while showing comparable biocompatibility to pristine PLA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanochemically modified graphene nanoplatelets for high-performance polycarbonate composites","authors":"Xiao Su ,&nbsp;Seung Ho Lee ,&nbsp;Yangzhe Hou ,&nbsp;Nikki Stanford ,&nbsp;Qingshi Meng ,&nbsp;Hsu-Chiang Kuan ,&nbsp;Xianhu Liu ,&nbsp;Jun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The exceptional mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of graphene and its derivative have established their vital role in developing novel polymer nanocomposites. However, it is a great challenge to achieve uniform dispersion of graphene and strong interfacial bonding within polymer matrices, especially by industry-compatible methods such as melt compounding. Different to traditional solvent-based modification methods, our mechanochemical approach involves the surface modification of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) with a long-chain surfactant – Jeffamine M2070. The process is scalable, environmentally friendly and solvent-free. GNPs, ball-milled GNPs (BMGNPs) and M2070-modified GNPs (MmGNPs) were respectively incorporated into a polycarbonate matrix using twin-screw extrusion, to produce three groups of nanocomposites. GNPs exhibited aggregation due to unideal compatibility with the matrix, whereas BMGNPs showed reduced aggregation owing to mechanical exfoliation. MmGNPs demonstrated the best compatibility with polycarbonate and thus exhibited the most uniform dispersion and significant improvements in mechanical performance, e.g., 16.9 % in tensile strength and 36.4 % in Young's modulus. Despite the defects caused by the mechanochemical modification, MmGNPs in the matrix resulted in an increment of 50 % in thermal conductivity, reaching 0.32 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ in comparison with ∼0.18 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ for polycarbonate. This study highlights the importance of surface modification by mechanochemical processing techniques in enhancing the exfoliation and dispersion of graphene and thus the properties of thermoplastics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review of magnesium-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: Properties, production methods, surface treatments, and multiscale evaluation techniques","authors":"Dongfang Chen ,&nbsp;Jie Xin ,&nbsp;Ming Yin ,&nbsp;Man Xu ,&nbsp;Jiahao Chen ,&nbsp;Qiangsheng Dong ,&nbsp;Yi Shao ,&nbsp;Cheng Wang ,&nbsp;Chenglin Chu ,&nbsp;Feng Xue ,&nbsp;Youwen Yang ,&nbsp;Ryan Giordmaina ,&nbsp;Joseph Buhagiar ,&nbsp;Jing Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnesium-based scaffolds have emerged as promising candidates for bone tissue engineering due to their biodegradability, mechanical compatibility, and osteoconductive property. However, their clinical translation hinges on addressing critical challenges in production, surface treatment, and evaluation. This article presents a systematically synthesized review of recent advancements and future directions across these domains. The findings show that current production methods, including melt processing, powder metallurgy, physical drilling, and additive manufacturing, offer distinct advantages in tailoring pore architecture but face difficulties in harmonizing the structural complexities, mechanical properties, degradation behaviors, and biological responses of scaffolds. Emerging hybrid preparation techniques have the potential to combine the principles and strengths of the aforementioned methods. Surface treatments using conventional coatings are affected by stress concentration effects and hydrogen bubble retention, which cause delamination and interfacial debonding. Surface engineering must prioritize self-healing and reconfigurable coatings that dynamically adapt to microenvironmental cues and thereby stabilize protective films. Traditional assessments fail to capture multiscale interplays, whereas organ-on-a-chip systems and spatially resolved local techniques offer transformative solutions. Advancements in hybrid preparations, self-healing coatings, and multiscale evaluation techniques can overcome the inherent complexities of porous architectures and thus position Mg-based scaffolds as next-generation solutions for orthopedic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}