Smart Materials in Manufacturing最新文献

{"title":"Parametric optimisation for 3D printing β-tricalcium phosphate tissue engineering scaffolds using direct ink writing","authors":"D.L. Belgin Paul ,&nbsp;Ayyappan Susila Praveen ,&nbsp;Arun Arjunan","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quest for optimal bone tissue engineering materials has led to extensive research on tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics, specifically the β-TCP phase, due to its superior biocompatibility and bioresorbability. Ensuring the structural fidelity and accuracy in creating porous architecture is very crucial for β-TCP scaffolds. In this regard, this study explores the critical role of 3D printing parameters such as pressure, nozzle diameter, print speed, and solid loading in determining the dimensional accuracy of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds fabricated through direct ink writing (DIW). Experiments were conducted on a custom-built DIW system based on a four-factor, three-level L₉ Taguchi design. The influence of these parameters on dimensional accuracy was evaluated using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Optimal process conditions to print β-TCP were revealed as 3 bar pressure, 0.6 mm nozzle diameter, 5 mm/s print speed, and 55 vol% solid loading, yielding minimal dimensional error. ANOVA results highlighted nozzle diameter and pressure as significant factors, followed by solid loading and print speed. Validation experiments under these optimal conditions achieved a dimensional error of just 1.52 %. Additionally, the scaffold printed under optimal conditions demonstrated a compressive strength of 2.64 MPa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive study on the biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of additively manufactured PLA-ZnO nanocomposites","authors":"Wei Juene Chong ,&nbsp;Paul Wright ,&nbsp;Dejana Pejak Simunec ,&nbsp;Srinivasan Jayashree ,&nbsp;Winston Liew ,&nbsp;Chad Heazlewood ,&nbsp;Adrian Trinchi ,&nbsp;Ilias (Louis) Kyratzis ,&nbsp;Yuncang Li ,&nbsp;Shirley Shen ,&nbsp;Antonella Sola ,&nbsp;Cuie Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The addition of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofillers to 3D printable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) filaments for material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing (fused filament fabrication, FFF, a.k.a. fused deposition modelling, FDM) has the potential to enable the fabrication of biomedical devices with embedded antibacterial functionality. This work investigates the biological properties, mainly the biodegradability, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity of 3D printed PLA-ZnO nanocomposites containing between 1 wt% to 5 wt% of either untreated or silane-treated filler. This study demonstrated that the concentration and surface properties of the filler control the matrix degradation rate, which directly influences the release rate of ZnO and Zn²⁺, which in turn governs the antibacterial properties of the nanocomposites. All nanocomposites showed excellent antibacterial properties (&gt; 99% reduction in bacteria) against both gram-positive (<em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>) and gram-negative (<em>Escherichia coli</em>) strains. Potential cytotoxic effects against human immune THP-1 cells were only evident at the highest filler loading (5 wt%), whereas nanocomposites with &lt; 5 wt% filler loading were non-cytotoxic after 7 days of exposure. The 3D printed PLA-ZnO nanocomposites produced in this study show potential for use in clinical settings, with nanocomposites having filler loadings of &lt; 2 wt% being the most appropriate candidates due to their excellent antibacterial properties while showing comparable biocompatibility to pristine PLA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat sources in wire arc additive manufacturing and their impact on macro-microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties – An overview","authors":"Nabeel Ahmed Siddiqui ,&nbsp;Muhammad Muzamil ,&nbsp;Tariq Jamil ,&nbsp;Ghulam Hussain","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The layer-by-layer production idea known as Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is suggested as a viable substitute for conventional subtractive methods because of its ability to produce massive metallic components with a moderate degree of geometric complexity. This technology has garnered attention recently because of its advantages over traditional Additive Manufacturing (AM) procedures, namely its low cost and high deposition rates. This review investigated various electric arc heat inputs and energy sources for the material depositing processes of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), cold metal transfer (CMT), plasma arc welding (PAW)-based wire arc additive manufacturing systems. This is achieved through the application of a thorough methodology for comprehending the primary process factors and their impact on the final component qualities. In the present review, the macro-microstructure and mechanical behavior were examined with respect to various energy sources and electric arc heat inputs. This review also examines the input elements related to heat on the wire arc additive manufacturing process. It is necessary to describe the factors influencing these features in order to determine the best wire arc additive manufacturing technique in terms of heat input. The principal aim of the review is to investigate the correlation between heat input and the mechanical, microstructural, and macrostructural features of parts deposited using wire arc additive manufacturing technology. The heat input, which is thoroughly examined in this study, is crucial to the stability of the wire arc additive manufacturing process and affects the mechanical characteristics and microstructural development of the parts during the manufacturing process. The review addresses a wide range of materials, including aluminium alloys, copper alloys, steel alloys, nickel alloys, iron alloys, titanium alloys, magnesium alloys, and smart materials, with a focus on their microstructure, macrostructure, and mechanical properties, providing significant insights into their application across many industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosion resistance of in situ steam LDH coating on AZ31 and AM30 Alloys: Influence of NaOH and Al–Mn phase","authors":"Yan-Jie Zhao,&nbsp;Fen Zhang,&nbsp;Lan-Yue Cui,&nbsp;Shuo-Qi Li,&nbsp;Cheng-Bao Liu,&nbsp;Rong-Chang Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In situ formation mechanism of steam Mg–Al layered double hydroxide (Mg–Al–CO₃-LDH) coatings on AZ31 and AM30 alloys was compared in presence of NaOH aqueous solution. The microstructure and elemental composition of the obtained coatings were analyzed using SEM, EDS, XRD and FTIR. The corrosion resistance of the coated samples was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and salt spray test. The results indicated that the addition of NaOH significantly influenced the morphology as well as the thickness of the prepared LDH coating. The effect of different Al–Mn phase contents of AZ31 and AM30 alloy on the growth mechanism of the LDH coatings was discussed. The addition of 0.01 M NaOH promoted the growth of the LDH coating on AZ31 and AM30 alloys. The AM30-NaOH-0.01 sample possessed the most compact and uniform surfaces as well as the maximum thickness. The corrosion current density of the samples was reduced by three orders of magnitude compared to their substrates. It was revealed that the addition of a moderate amount of NaOH in the steam would raise the pH level, which would benefit the dissolution of the aluminum phase and promote the growth of LDH coating.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810224000023/pdfft?md5=cf431b9eb02842687c2b33c83bdb7e22&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810224000023-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139434338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gradient microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V alloy induced by laser surface quenching","authors":"Enqing Wang ,&nbsp;Jinpeng Tuo ,&nbsp;Fengqi Hou ,&nbsp;Dongjie Li ,&nbsp;Yuanhang Li ,&nbsp;Lvhao Zheng ,&nbsp;Kai Zhang ,&nbsp;Longlong Dong ,&nbsp;Yi Yang ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Aijun Huang ,&nbsp;Lai-Chang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laser surface quenching (LSQ) was employed to fabricate gradient microstructures in a Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The influence of the LSQ parameters on the surface morphology, the depth of the LSQ layer, gradient microstructure, and microhardness were investigated. The results showed that as the laser energy density increases, the surface roughness and thickness of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) increase. From the internal matrix to the surface, the microstructure in the HAZ changes from the equiaxed structure to the mixt structure, martensitic structure, Widmanstätten structure, and then the oxide layer. The size of the β grains gradually decreases as the distance from the surface increases. The different microstructures and elemental distributions in the HAZ result in different microhardness values, which gradually decrease from the surface to the matrix. The laser energy density of 8.0 J/mm² is recommended to obtain a HAZ with a thickness of 1200 μm and a peak microhardness of 393 ± 7.3 H V without surface remelting. The LSQ process may help to increase the longevity of Ti–6Al–4V alloy implants by hardening the surface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810224000138/pdfft?md5=b5d5c7c903e5da08d8da28047c59d13d&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810224000138-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141486257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and corrosion behavior of layered double hydroxides-graphene oxide composite coatings modified by sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate on the surface of AZ31 Mg alloy","authors":"Mingyi Wu ,&nbsp;Liang Wu ,&nbsp;Ruijun Wang ,&nbsp;An Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Dai ,&nbsp;Wenhui Yao ,&nbsp;Yuan Yuan ,&nbsp;Atrens Andrej ,&nbsp;Jingfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Fusheng Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a class of two-dimensional anionic clays with adjustable structure, which have certain corrosion resistance. However, smooth growth path of LDHs nanosheets perpendicular to the substrate limits its application in the field of corrosion. Graphene oxide (GO) possess a high specific surface area and barrier properties, which provides a promising method for further improving the corrosion resistance of LDHs. In this work, we prepared three different concentrations of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) modified GO (GO:SDBS concentration ratio = 1:1, 1:2, 1:3), and present MgAlCe-LDHs@GO-SDBS composite coatings by one-step hydrothermal method with well-zigzag morphology and good corrosion resistance. GO-SDBS was successfully incorporated in the layered double hydroxide (LDHs), the corrosion current density of the MgAlCe-LDHs@GO-S₂ coatings was 1.60 × 10⁻⁸ A cm⁻², which was lower than other coatings. This one-step growth of MgAlCe-LDHs@GO-S method has potential applications in manufacture of anti-corrosion protection coatings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810224000114/pdfft?md5=d6a689b6d47ec75a162e75ff82daadeb&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810224000114-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and statistical investigation of laser welding with different joint gap widths for HSLA steel","authors":"Muhammad Waqas ,&nbsp;Asif Israr ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ejaz Qureshi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Muzamil ,&nbsp;Arfan Majeed","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Automated Ytterbium (Yb) single pass fiber laser beam welding of High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) steel is an expensive process, so it's a need for machining process for butt joint preparation (CNC Milling and Grinding Machining) to make it less expensive to get the same material strength after constant varying joint gap. This study aims to optimize input parameters (fixed (Power and Speed), variable (Butt Joint Gap, and Focal Length)) with respect to output parameters (Distortion, Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), Residual Stresses (RS)) for a 4.5 mm thick 30CrMnSiA steel. Experiments and statistical modelling (using Design of Experiment) has been performed on 0–0.5 mm butt joint gap with 0.1 mm incremental size and without filler wire. The results showed that less percentage error in distortion, UTS and RS, which are 8.19 %, 2.38 % and 6.08 % respectively. In addition, 0.2–0.4 mm joint gaps show better tensile properties and almost equal to 95 % of base material (BM), by failure appearing on the BM (aside weld) due to annealed material condition. Micro-hardness measured at the fusion zone (max. 617 HV) was almost 3 times that of the base metal (max. 208 HV). Metallography study shows that fusion zone is consisted of martensite structure due to high cooling rate during laser beam welding process, so it has more strength as compared to other two zones (Heat affected zone (HAZ) and base material). Moreover, fractured tensile sample fractography study shows the ductile behavior of failure due to presence of dimples and voids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277281022400014X/pdfft?md5=fa0d609846f12d94c8412a5f6dc7d75d&pid=1-s2.0-S277281022400014X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142136482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defect engineering in nanomaterials: Impact, challenges, and applications","authors":"Raghvendra Kumar Mishra ,&nbsp;Kartikey Verma ,&nbsp;Deepa sethi singh","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Defects in nanomaterials have emerged as a pivotal aspect influencing their properties and diverse applications across numerous industries. This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationship between defects, primarily in carbon nanotubes and graphene, and their implications across a spectrum of applications. Beginning with an introduction delving into the significance and types of defects, the review elucidates their multifaceted impact on the mechanical, electrical, and environmental characteristics of these nanomaterials. It presents detailed analyses of studies exploring defects in carbon nanotubes and graphene, shedding light on their effects on mechanical and electrical properties, alongside characterizing methods. The paper meticulously examines the extensive array of applications involving carbon nanotubes and graphene, encompassing electronics, biomedical advancements, and considerations for environmental sustainability. Furthermore, it systematically incorporates studies highlighting the implications of defects on these applications. This review precisely examines defect engineering in nanomaterials across various industries, emphasizing the nuanced role of defects in tailoring properties for specific applications. It concludes by summarizing the integral role defects play in shaping the future of nanomaterial applications in diverse industries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810224000096/pdfft?md5=a4ffbc24d69265528fdd94be3aa2008d&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810224000096-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141243489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in polymer (Nano)composites for phase change material-based thermal storage: A focus on thermoplastic matrices and ceramic/carbon fillers","authors":"Seung Ho Lee ,&nbsp;Ashjeev Luvnish ,&nbsp;Xiao Su ,&nbsp;Qingshi Meng ,&nbsp;Ming Liu ,&nbsp;Hsu-Chiang Kuan ,&nbsp;Wasim Saman ,&nbsp;Michel Bostrom ,&nbsp;Jun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article explores (i) the potential of polymer (nano)composites as alternatives to conventional metals in the manufacture of heat exchangers and (ii) the application of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage. Bulk polymers, despite their lower thermal conductivity in comparison with metals, have advantages such as lightweight, corrosion resistance and cost-effectiveness. The paper emphasizes methods of enhancing polymers' thermal conductivity, particularly by incorporating fillers such as ceramics and carbon-based fillers into thermoplastics. Techniques such as twin-screw extrusion and injection molding are examined for producing thermally conductive polymer composites. The study also investigates the utilization of organic PCMs, focusing on their thermal enhancement through the addition of various nanoadditives. These developments collectively pave the way for designing innovative thermoplastic heat exchangers for PCM storage. The review culminates in identifying areas requiring further research, particularly in the reliable manufacture of polycarbonate/graphene nanoplatelet composites and the optimization of the thermal performance of polymer heat exchangers through advanced heat transfer designs and simulations. The findings could lead to the realization of low-cost and efficient polymer-based heat exchangers, contributing to the evolution of thermal energy storage systems and the reduction of global warming.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810224000011/pdfft?md5=4a56c628631f8efc1097cf2490564b78&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810224000011-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139487807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The inhibition effect of etidronate on degradation behavior of Mg–Zn–Y-Nd-Zr alloy","authors":"Di Mei,&nbsp;Yaqian Li,&nbsp;Xiaoshuang Ma,&nbsp;Liguo Wang,&nbsp;Shijie Zhu,&nbsp;Shaokang Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2023.100020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2023.100020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The control of corrosion behavior of Mg alloys for biomedical applications is a research hotspot in the field of biodegradable metallic implant materials. In recent years, the employment of corrosion inhibitors for regulating the corrosion behavior of Mg alloys has attracted attention. In this work, a promising corrosion inhibitor for Mg alloys, Etidronate (ETN), was selected from the drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis, and its effect on the corrosion behavior of Mg–Zn–Y-Nd-Zr (ZE21C Mg alloy) in simulated body fluids was systematically studied. The results show that ETN not only reduces the corrosion rate of the alloy, but also significantly weakens its tendency of localized corrosion, which is beneficial for improving the service reliability of Mg alloy for orthopedic application. This study provides an idea for corrosion control of biodegradable Mg alloys and is of great significance for promoting their development and applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810223000077/pdfft?md5=f5aa261f2bd0e59f2880f8881e56f4b1&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810223000077-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74950067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}