Smart Materials in Manufacturing最新文献

{"title":"Fatigue properties of 3D-printed polymeric metamaterials: A review","authors":"Ani Daniel ,&nbsp;Hamed Bakhtiari ,&nbsp;Alireza Nouri ,&nbsp;Barun K. Das ,&nbsp;Muhammad Aamir ,&nbsp;Majid Tolouei-Rad","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present article provides an in-depth review of the fatigue properties of polymeric metamaterials, with particular emphasis on those manufactured using 3D printing techniques. Despite the significant potential of 3D-printed metamaterial polymers in the biomedical field, there has been limited studies dedicated to their fatigue behaviour. The article highlights the significance of fatigue behaviour in determining the reliability and longevity of polymeric materials under cyclic loading, which is crucial for biomedical applications. The effects of different 3D printing parameters, metamaterial designs, and polymer properties on fatigue life are explored. The fatigue response of metamaterials depends on material properties, geometric factors, and 3D printing parameters. Metamaterial geometries with sharp corners and high stress concentration zones have shown to be prone to early fatigue failure. Besides, thermal fatigue can contribute to fatigue damage of metamaterials particularly at high loading frequencies. Optimising designs for smooth geometries and considering thermal conductivity in polymers are crucial for enhancing fatigue resistance and durability in 3D printed metamaterials. The review emphasises the role of advanced computational modelling, combined with experimental studies, in optimising metamaterial design and manufacturing processes of polymers. The goal is to enhance fatigue resistance and expand their applications, particularly in the biomedical field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From fabrication to function: Mechanical insights into GelMA microneedle arrays","authors":"Moloud Amini Baghbadorani ,&nbsp;Masoumeh Zargar ,&nbsp;Asghar Eskandarinia ,&nbsp;Majid Tolouei-Rad","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) has emerged as a highly suitable material for microneedle (MN) fabrication, offering exceptional biocompatibility and cost-effectiveness. Despite significant advances introduced by GelMA hydrogels, research on GelMA MNs dates back to 2019, yet no review has specifically focused on the manufacturing techniques and mechanical properties of GelMA MNs. For the first time, this review aims to examine the manufacturing methods and mechanical characteristics of GelMA microneedles across various medical applications. Additionally, it discusses different approaches to mechanical characterization and identifies gaps in current manufacturing technologies. The review also explores the potential implications of GelMA MNs in drug delivery and disease diagnosis. Finally, additive manufacturing and hybrid methods, identified as the most promising techniques for future large-scale production, are proposed for further optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the structure-property relationships of multilayered Helmholtz resonance-based acoustic metamaterials","authors":"Jun Wei Chua ,&nbsp;David Kar Wei Poh ,&nbsp;Shuwei Ding ,&nbsp;Haoran Pei ,&nbsp;Xinwei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The principle of Helmholtz resonance has been widely employed in the design of sound-absorbing metamaterials. However, the relationship between various acoustic parameters and sound absorption performance remains insufficiently understood. This work investigates the effect of various structural parameters of multi-layered Helmholtz resonators (MLHRs) on sound absorption properties from a statistical point of view. The Taguchi method was used in the study with the pore diameter, pore thickness, and cavity depth of a layer of Helmholtz resonator as control variables and the number of layers of resonators as the noise variable. Results revealed a clear hierarchy of importance for maximizing sound absorption: increasing the number of layers, reducing pore diameter, enhancing pore thickness, and expanding cavity depth. Additionally, it is also found that the influence of the number of layers on said relationships was greatest with smaller pore diameters larger pore thicknesses, and cavity depths. All three control variables showed significant effects on the sound absorption properties of MLHRs when the number of layers was more than two, while the cavity width showed limited influence on sound absorption coefficients for a two-layer MLHR. This work provides a foundational understanding of the structural-property relationships in MLHRs, paving the way for optimized designs to achieve optimal sound absorption performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum for previously published articles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanochemically modified graphene nanoplatelets for high-performance polycarbonate composites","authors":"Xiao Su ,&nbsp;Seung Ho Lee ,&nbsp;Yangzhe Hou ,&nbsp;Nikki Stanford ,&nbsp;Qingshi Meng ,&nbsp;Hsu-Chiang Kuan ,&nbsp;Xianhu Liu ,&nbsp;Jun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The exceptional mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of graphene and its derivative have established their vital role in developing novel polymer nanocomposites. However, it is a great challenge to achieve uniform dispersion of graphene and strong interfacial bonding within polymer matrices, especially by industry-compatible methods such as melt compounding. Different to traditional solvent-based modification methods, our mechanochemical approach involves the surface modification of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) with a long-chain surfactant – Jeffamine M2070. The process is scalable, environmentally friendly and solvent-free. GNPs, ball-milled GNPs (BMGNPs) and M2070-modified GNPs (MmGNPs) were respectively incorporated into a polycarbonate matrix using twin-screw extrusion, to produce three groups of nanocomposites. GNPs exhibited aggregation due to unideal compatibility with the matrix, whereas BMGNPs showed reduced aggregation owing to mechanical exfoliation. MmGNPs demonstrated the best compatibility with polycarbonate and thus exhibited the most uniform dispersion and significant improvements in mechanical performance, e.g., 16.9 % in tensile strength and 36.4 % in Young's modulus. Despite the defects caused by the mechanochemical modification, MmGNPs in the matrix resulted in an increment of 50 % in thermal conductivity, reaching 0.32 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ in comparison with ∼0.18 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ for polycarbonate. This study highlights the importance of surface modification by mechanochemical processing techniques in enhancing the exfoliation and dispersion of graphene and thus the properties of thermoplastics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites for improved defence armor - A comprehensive review","authors":"Nilesh S. Gaikwad,&nbsp;Dhiraj D. Deshmukh,&nbsp;Sachin P. Kakade","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) matrix composites are prominent defensive armor materials owing to their excellent strength-to-weight ratio and design flexibility. High-strength fibers such as aramid, carbon, or glass embedded in a polymer matrix exhibit excellent impact resistance and energy absorption, which significantly improves ballistic protection. Research by the Defense Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) on FRP's and stealth technologies has helped the Indian military create and use high-performance materials. FRP's are often utilized in the motor and construction sectors, but they may be expanded to a high degree of skeletal uses, such as bullet-resistant and robust devices. The ballistic impact mechanism is directly correlated to the material, fabrication process, strengthening mechanism, thickness, applied projectile parameters, and density. The proposed in-depth review examines the production processes and use of novel ballistic protection materials in bulletproof vests and body armor in the military. It also offers some suggestions for materials that would be good choices for future, all-encompassing body armor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric optimisation for 3D printing β-tricalcium phosphate tissue engineering scaffolds using direct ink writing","authors":"D.L. Belgin Paul ,&nbsp;Ayyappan Susila Praveen ,&nbsp;Arun Arjunan","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quest for optimal bone tissue engineering materials has led to extensive research on tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics, specifically the β-TCP phase, due to its superior biocompatibility and bioresorbability. Ensuring the structural fidelity and accuracy in creating porous architecture is very crucial for β-TCP scaffolds. In this regard, this study explores the critical role of 3D printing parameters such as pressure, nozzle diameter, print speed, and solid loading in determining the dimensional accuracy of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds fabricated through direct ink writing (DIW). Experiments were conducted on a custom-built DIW system based on a four-factor, three-level L₉ Taguchi design. The influence of these parameters on dimensional accuracy was evaluated using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Optimal process conditions to print β-TCP were revealed as 3 bar pressure, 0.6 mm nozzle diameter, 5 mm/s print speed, and 55 vol% solid loading, yielding minimal dimensional error. ANOVA results highlighted nozzle diameter and pressure as significant factors, followed by solid loading and print speed. Validation experiments under these optimal conditions achieved a dimensional error of just 1.52 %. Additionally, the scaffold printed under optimal conditions demonstrated a compressive strength of 2.64 MPa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive study on the biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of additively manufactured PLA-ZnO nanocomposites","authors":"Wei Juene Chong ,&nbsp;Paul Wright ,&nbsp;Dejana Pejak Simunec ,&nbsp;Srinivasan Jayashree ,&nbsp;Winston Liew ,&nbsp;Chad Heazlewood ,&nbsp;Adrian Trinchi ,&nbsp;Ilias (Louis) Kyratzis ,&nbsp;Yuncang Li ,&nbsp;Shirley Shen ,&nbsp;Antonella Sola ,&nbsp;Cuie Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The addition of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofillers to 3D printable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) filaments for material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing (fused filament fabrication, FFF, a.k.a. fused deposition modelling, FDM) has the potential to enable the fabrication of biomedical devices with embedded antibacterial functionality. This work investigates the biological properties, mainly the biodegradability, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity of 3D printed PLA-ZnO nanocomposites containing between 1 wt% to 5 wt% of either untreated or silane-treated filler. This study demonstrated that the concentration and surface properties of the filler control the matrix degradation rate, which directly influences the release rate of ZnO and Zn²⁺, which in turn governs the antibacterial properties of the nanocomposites. All nanocomposites showed excellent antibacterial properties (&gt; 99% reduction in bacteria) against both gram-positive (<em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>) and gram-negative (<em>Escherichia coli</em>) strains. Potential cytotoxic effects against human immune THP-1 cells were only evident at the highest filler loading (5 wt%), whereas nanocomposites with &lt; 5 wt% filler loading were non-cytotoxic after 7 days of exposure. The 3D printed PLA-ZnO nanocomposites produced in this study show potential for use in clinical settings, with nanocomposites having filler loadings of &lt; 2 wt% being the most appropriate candidates due to their excellent antibacterial properties while showing comparable biocompatibility to pristine PLA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat sources in wire arc additive manufacturing and their impact on macro-microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties – An overview","authors":"Nabeel Ahmed Siddiqui ,&nbsp;Muhammad Muzamil ,&nbsp;Tariq Jamil ,&nbsp;Ghulam Hussain","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The layer-by-layer production idea known as Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is suggested as a viable substitute for conventional subtractive methods because of its ability to produce massive metallic components with a moderate degree of geometric complexity. This technology has garnered attention recently because of its advantages over traditional Additive Manufacturing (AM) procedures, namely its low cost and high deposition rates. This review investigated various electric arc heat inputs and energy sources for the material depositing processes of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), cold metal transfer (CMT), plasma arc welding (PAW)-based wire arc additive manufacturing systems. This is achieved through the application of a thorough methodology for comprehending the primary process factors and their impact on the final component qualities. In the present review, the macro-microstructure and mechanical behavior were examined with respect to various energy sources and electric arc heat inputs. This review also examines the input elements related to heat on the wire arc additive manufacturing process. It is necessary to describe the factors influencing these features in order to determine the best wire arc additive manufacturing technique in terms of heat input. The principal aim of the review is to investigate the correlation between heat input and the mechanical, microstructural, and macrostructural features of parts deposited using wire arc additive manufacturing technology. The heat input, which is thoroughly examined in this study, is crucial to the stability of the wire arc additive manufacturing process and affects the mechanical characteristics and microstructural development of the parts during the manufacturing process. The review addresses a wide range of materials, including aluminium alloys, copper alloys, steel alloys, nickel alloys, iron alloys, titanium alloys, magnesium alloys, and smart materials, with a focus on their microstructure, macrostructure, and mechanical properties, providing significant insights into their application across many industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosion resistance of in situ steam LDH coating on AZ31 and AM30 Alloys: Influence of NaOH and Al–Mn phase","authors":"Yan-Jie Zhao,&nbsp;Fen Zhang,&nbsp;Lan-Yue Cui,&nbsp;Shuo-Qi Li,&nbsp;Cheng-Bao Liu,&nbsp;Rong-Chang Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smmf.2024.100045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In situ formation mechanism of steam Mg–Al layered double hydroxide (Mg–Al–CO₃-LDH) coatings on AZ31 and AM30 alloys was compared in presence of NaOH aqueous solution. The microstructure and elemental composition of the obtained coatings were analyzed using SEM, EDS, XRD and FTIR. The corrosion resistance of the coated samples was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and salt spray test. The results indicated that the addition of NaOH significantly influenced the morphology as well as the thickness of the prepared LDH coating. The effect of different Al–Mn phase contents of AZ31 and AM30 alloy on the growth mechanism of the LDH coatings was discussed. The addition of 0.01 M NaOH promoted the growth of the LDH coating on AZ31 and AM30 alloys. The AM30-NaOH-0.01 sample possessed the most compact and uniform surfaces as well as the maximum thickness. The corrosion current density of the samples was reduced by three orders of magnitude compared to their substrates. It was revealed that the addition of a moderate amount of NaOH in the steam would raise the pH level, which would benefit the dissolution of the aluminum phase and promote the growth of LDH coating.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772810224000023/pdfft?md5=cf431b9eb02842687c2b33c83bdb7e22&pid=1-s2.0-S2772810224000023-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139434338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}