Smart Materials in Manufacturing最新文献

{"title":"Could diamond coatings provide a better osseo-interface for 3D-printed titanium implants?","authors":"Marsilea A. Booth ,&nbsp;Azadeh Mirabedini ,&nbsp;Minh-Dung Truong ,&nbsp;Binh Thanh Vu ,&nbsp;Peter Sherrell ,&nbsp;Alastair Stacey ,&nbsp;Alan Jones ,&nbsp;Nour Mani ,&nbsp;Nhiem Tran ,&nbsp;Thanh Dinh Le ,&nbsp;Daniel Stavrevski ,&nbsp;Amy Gelmi ,&nbsp;Brant Gibson ,&nbsp;Andrew D. Greentree ,&nbsp;Phong A. Tran ,&nbsp;Thi Hiep Nguyen ,&nbsp;Kate Fox","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For an implant to provide a strong solution as a replacement part, it is essential to bind strongly to the bone to which the implant is aligned. While titanium offers good osseointegration and corrosion resistance, it doesn't bond directly with bone due to its surface oxide layer which leaves a gap between the implant and the surrounding bone. In this study we investigate the enhancement of osseointegration in 3D-printed titanium implants using a polycrystalline diamond (PCD) coating. PCD coating aims to improve biocompatibility and bone integration. PCD coating of implants resulted in a microroughened surface (R_a 27 μm vs 23 μm for titanium) with nanofeatures resulting in a hydrophilic surface. In rabbit models, PCD-coated titanium implants showed improved bone response compared to titanium with superior bone in contact with the implant reflected by a 190N push out force (vs titanium at 155N, p &lt; 0.5) needed to remove the implant from the bone. Our findings provide crucial insights into the interactions at the bone-implant interface, suggesting that PCD-coated titanium implants could significantly improve orthopaedic outcomes by promoting better integration and reducing infection risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure, mechanical properties and wear behaviors of in-situ nanophase enhanced Al matrix composites fabricated by selected laser melting","authors":"Weilin Yu ,&nbsp;Jiang Lu ,&nbsp;Huiwang Yu ,&nbsp;Tianyu Sun ,&nbsp;Yangzhen Liu ,&nbsp;Min Song ,&nbsp;Jianhong Yi ,&nbsp;Zhentao Yu ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Baisong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2026.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2026.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To illustrate the influence of in-situ self-generated nano-phases on the microstructure and properties of composites. In this study, aluminum (Al) matrix composites with different CuO contents (0, 1, 3, and 7 wt%) were fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The results show that the self-generated nano-phases (Al₂Cu precipitates and Al–Cu solid solution) were obtained, and their content with an increase in CuO content. The composite with 7 wt% CuO exhibits the best strength and ductility synergy, with a yield strength increase by 222.2% compared to pure Al while maintaining a fracture strain of 30.9%. Orowan strengthening of Al₂Cu precipitates account for more than 60% to the total strength enhancement. Furthermore, the wear rate of Al/7%CuO composite decreased by 69.3% than pure Al, and the wear mechanism transitioned from abrasive to oxidative wear with an increase in CuO content. This work not only provides an approach for exploring in-situ self-generated nano-phase reinforced Al matrix composites, but also develops a direction for the application of SLM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size-dependent tribological performance of graphene-reinforced Al matrix composites","authors":"Weiwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhenxing Zhou ,&nbsp;Li-Fu Yi ,&nbsp;Mingqi Dong ,&nbsp;Zhong-Chun Chen ,&nbsp;Naoyuki Nomura","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incorporation of graphene into Al matrix composites has emerged as a promising approach to enhance wear resistance; however, the impact of graphene size on tribological behavior remains inadequately understood. In this study, graphene oxide precursors with three distinct lateral sizes were synthesized and incorporated into an Al matrix via hetero-agglomeration, followed by in situ thermal reduction during spark plasma sintering. This approach enabled the creation of structurally comparable graphene/Al systems, facilitating the isolated evaluation of the lateral size effects. Comprehensive microstructural and tribological analyses revealed that the composite reinforced with medium-sized graphene exhibited the lowest coefficient of friction, narrowest wear track, and most stable worn surface. These improvements are attributed to the formation of continuous and well-bonded graphene networks, which effectively reduce Al abrasion and oxidation. In contrast, small-sized graphene provided insufficient surface coverage, whereas large-sized graphene exhibited stacking and detachment, both of which compromised the tribological performance. Unlike most previous studies that primarily focused on graphene content, this work systematically investigates the role of graphene lateral size. A wear mechanism model was further proposed to describe the size-dependent frictional behavior. Overall, these findings underscore the critical role of the lateral size of graphene as a design parameter for optimizing the tribological performance of next-generation wear-resistant metal matrix composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro degradation, biocompatibility and anti-tumor activity of nano-scaled carboplatin-montmorillonite composite coating on magnesium alloy biliary stent in a novel simulated bile solution","authors":"Kai-Ning Yang ,&nbsp;Hao Chen ,&nbsp;Wen-Xin Sun ,&nbsp;Lan-Yue Cui ,&nbsp;Yu-Hong Zou ,&nbsp;Rong-Chang Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biliary stenting serves as a primary approach to the palliative treatment of malignant biliary tumors, effectively addressing the critical issue of biliary obstruction. However, biodegradable stents are still plagued by the challenge of restenosis caused by rapid tumor growth. Herein, a montmorillonite (MMT) coating was selected to load anti-tumor drug carboplatin (CBP) on biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloy AZ31 to mitigate its degradation rate, biocompatibility and anti-tumor ability. Based on the Small model, a bile salt-phospholipid-cholesterol-NaCl quaternary solution was designed and carried out as the media of hydrogen evolution, electrochemical and immersion tests to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the biliary stent. The results showed that the CBP-MMT coating possessed a nano-scale microstructure with smooth and compact surface, and a thickness of 18.3 μm and a binding force of 0.25 N between CBP-MMT coating and its Mg substrate. The corrosion rate has decreased from 1.317 mm·year⁻¹ (AZ31 alloy) to 0.149 mm·year⁻¹ (CBP-MMT coating), indicating an improved corrosion resistance. The loading amount of CBP in the CBP-MMT coating is 22.26 mg·g⁻¹, sustained a release duration for 120 h. In addition, after co-culture with RBE cells (Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cell) <em>in vitro</em>, the CBP-MMT coating displayed an effective anti-tumor ability with a cell activity of 5.75 %. Therefore, the CBP-MMT coating prepared in this study not only improves the corrosion resistance of the stent, but also endows the stent with effective anti-tumor effects, providing a theoretical basis for the applied research on the biliary tract.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of smart materials in bacterial detection: Functional design and device construction","authors":"Tingting Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuting Li ,&nbsp;Yiheng Tang ,&nbsp;Wenyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Guopeng Xu ,&nbsp;Wenkun Zhang ,&nbsp;Danfeng Xiong ,&nbsp;Huaiyu Wang ,&nbsp;Guomin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2026.100137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2026.100137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial contamination is a serious threat to global public health, creating an urgent need for rapid, sensitive detection technologies. Owing to their excellent programmable recognition and efficient signal conversion capabilities, smart materials offer a new technical pathway for bacterial detection. This review summarizes recent advances in smart materials for bacterial detection. The design principles and functionalization strategies of smart materials featuring biological and artificial recognition elements are first covered. Then the amplification mechanisms and enhancement pathways that convert biorecognition events into electrical and optical signals are detailed. Based on this framework, this review extracts core design principles for enhancing detection performance. Finally, this review discusses current issues in specificity, stability, and device integration, as well as outlining future directions. Smart materials provide a versatile platform for building next-generation detection systems, offering significant potential for advancing precision medicine and safeguarding public safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147536721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field-controlled technologies for cardiovascular diseases: Therapeutic applications and emerging diagnostic perspectives","authors":"Dongqing Lin,&nbsp;Wenkun Zhang,&nbsp;Guopeng Xu,&nbsp;Yiheng Tang,&nbsp;Tingting Zhang,&nbsp;Wenyan Zhang,&nbsp;Qianyu Wu,&nbsp;Danfeng Xiong,&nbsp;Rui Ma,&nbsp;Guomin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2026.100142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2026.100142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of global mortality, necessitating innovations to transcend the limitations of conventional pharmacotherapy, such as low bioavailability and systemic off-target effects. Field-controlled technologies, leveraging electromagnetic and acoustic/mechanical fields together with smart stimulus-responsive materials, have emerged as transformative modalities for precise cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy due to their non-invasive or minimally invasive nature. In targeted drug delivery, smart material platforms, including magnetic nanocarriers, electro-responsive delivery systems, ultrasound-responsive microbubbles, and microneedle-based systems, enable drugs to bypass biological barriers and achieve site-specific triggered release with high spatiotemporal resolution. Regarding implantable device modulation, pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) utilize electromagnetic feedback for intelligent rhythm management. For acute intervention, technologies such as pulsed-field ablation (PFA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and percutaneous mechanical circulatory support devices (PMCSDs) provide critical support for life-threatening conditions. This review systematically categorizes the physical mechanisms and clinical utilities of these field-controlled modalities, highlighting their potential to enhance therapeutic targeting and safety. Finally, we discuss future trajectories, emphasizing the development of multi-field coupling systems to improve the precision and translational potential of cardiovascular interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148241529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive manufacturing of functional high-performance polymers for energy storage, conversion, and insulation systems","authors":"Long Chanraksmey ,&nbsp;Bingying Nie ,&nbsp;Wei Zhao ,&nbsp;Kunyapat Thummavichai ,&nbsp;Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Binling Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy-related systems require materials that not only withstand harsh operating conditions, including extreme temperatures, corrosive environments, mechanical stresses, and radiation, but also can be manufactured into complex geometries (e.g. porous networks, patterned membranes, and architected 3D lattices etc.) and integrated structures to deliver specific functionalities such as insulation, separation, membrane operation, energy storage, or shielding. Traditional methods like molding and machining often struggle to create intricate multifunctional components such as porous scaffolds, interdigitated electrodes and layered membranes. In contrast, advances in additive manufacturing (AM) have transformed the production of energy-related components by enabling greater design freedom, rapid prototyping, and the fabrication of customized, high-performance parts with reduced material waste. Among the different classes of AM, high-performance polymers (HPPs) have emerged as promising candidates due to their outstanding thermal, mechanical, and chemical resilience. These, including Polyamide (PA), Polyetherimide (PEI), Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS), Polysulfone (PSU), Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and Polyimide (PI), are particularly suited for AM in demanding energy applications. This review summarizes recent advances in the AM of HPPs for electrochemical and thermal energy storage, hydrogen production and storage, oil and gas systems, and radiation shielding. It also examines how structural design and composite reinforcement enhance performance, and outlines current challenges and future research directions to advance AM technologies for energy-related applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and fabrication of a hybrid piezoelectric bone scaffold using melt electrowriting (MEW) of PCL and FDM 3D-Printing of PVDF","authors":"Sina Fazel Modarres,&nbsp;Kaivan Mohammadi","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2026.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2026.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability to fabricate scaffolds that closely resemble the structural characteristics of natural bone remains one of the major challenges in bone tissue engineering. Moreover, developing materials for scaffold fabrication that can accelerate the regeneration process is another important issue. A hybrid scaffold was developed in this study using a combination of material extrusion (MEX) technologies, namely melt electrowriting (MEW) and fused deposition modeling (FDM), to mimic the hierarchical architecture of natural bone, consisting of cancellous and cortical regions. The cancellous region was fabricated via MEW using polycaprolactone (PCL), while the cortical region was produced through FDM employing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The two sections were subsequently integrated to form the complete scaffold. The incorporation of PVDF enabled cellular stimulation under mechanical loading, thereby enhancing cell growth within the scaffold. These hybrid scaffolds were also compared with scaffolds fabricated using the FDM. The results of compressive mechanical testing showed that the scaffolds with a PVDF shell exhibited the highest compressive strength, with a value of 70.9 MPa. Furthermore, tensile testing indicated that the PCL (MEW) exhibited the highest strain tolerance, with an ultimate tensile strength of 6.95 MPa. In addition, MTT assay revealed high cell viability, with values of 92% for the hybrid scaffold and 87% for PCL (FDM). Consequently, an improved scaffold was proposed for application in bone tissue regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147419730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing piezoresistive sensitivity of natural rubber composites filled with conductive carbon black: A comparative study of grafted vs ungrafted forms","authors":"Arthittaya Chuaybamrung,&nbsp;Rawiporn Promsung,&nbsp;Frank Clemens,&nbsp;Yeampon Nakaramontri,&nbsp;Ekwipoo Kalkornsurapranee","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2026.100144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2026.100144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development of piezoresistive strain sensors based on natural rubber (NR) filled conductive carbon black (CCB) composites for human motion detection applications. CCB-based composites with ungrafted NR and methyl methacrylate (MMA) grafted NR matrix were compared, based on their mechanical, electrical and piezoresistive properties. The successful synthesis of grafted NR was confirmed, for both materials influence of CCB contents was systematically investigated. Incorporation of CCB significantly improved the tensile properties of the composites. Composite matrix exhibiting superior reinforcement due to enhanced filler distribution and stronger filler-matrix interactions. Electrically, the composites with grafted NR matrix exhibited lower initial resistance, more uniform conductive networks, and higher gauge factors. These results confirm the presence of a CCB network structure, which effectively reorganizes the dead-arm CCB domains during extension. Furthermore, cyclic and quasi-static tests exhibited high relative resistance change, excellent repeatability and revealed stability with signal drift for composites with grafted NR matrix. Notably, exhibited higher stress relaxation, but lower relaxation of resistance could be achieved using grafted NR matrix, suggesting an accelerated viscoelastic stress decay accompanied by more stabilized conductive pathways within the composite network. The practical utility of the developed materials was demonstrated in wearable motion detection, where the grafted NR/CCB sensor successfully tracked complex hand movements with high reproducibility. These findings highlight grafted NR matrix material as an effective strategy to simultaneously achieve reinforced mechanical properties, stabilized electrical networks, and enhanced strain-sensing performance for piezoresistive NR composites, making them promising candidates for flexible and wearable sensor applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100144"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148523760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OpenTM: An open-source, single-GPU, large-scale thermal microstructure design framework","authors":"Yuchen Quan ,&nbsp;Xiaoya Zhai ,&nbsp;Xiao-Ming Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smmf.2025.100118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal microstructures are engineered to manipulate heat flow. We present OpenTM, an open-source GPU-based framework for designing periodic 3D high-resolution thermal microstructures via inverse optimization of target conductivity. To ensure numerical stability without incurring large memory overheads, we employ an adaptive volume-fraction strategy within the Optimality Criteria (OC) method. Practical demonstrations at a resolution of <span><math><mrow><mn>512</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>512</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>512</mn></mrow></math></span> achieve runtimes under 12 s per iteration on an NVIDIA Tesla P40 GPU, with a peak memory footprint of 10.78 GB. Our open-source, high-performance implementation is publicly available at <span><span>https://github.com/quanyuchen2000/OPENTM</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> and is easily installed via Anaconda. A Python interface ensures accessibility for non-C/C++ users. This work highlights the potential of OpenTM as a powerful tool for the rapid structural optimization of thermal microstructures, fostering deeper exploration of their exotic heat-management capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101164,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Manufacturing","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}