Noelia Rodríguez-Sánchez, Carsten Prinz, Ralf Bienert, Menta Ballesteros, A. Rabdel Ruiz Salvador, Biswajit Bhattacharya and Franziska Emmerling
{"title":"Mechanochemical ZIF-9 formation: in situ analysis and photocatalytic enhancement evaluation†","authors":"Noelia Rodríguez-Sánchez, Carsten Prinz, Ralf Bienert, Menta Ballesteros, A. Rabdel Ruiz Salvador, Biswajit Bhattacharya and Franziska Emmerling","doi":"10.1039/D4MR00114A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MR00114A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Efficient treatment of persistent pollutants in wastewater is crucial for sustainable water management and environmental protection. This study addresses this challenge by investigating the mechanochemical synthesis and photocatalytic performance of ZIF-9, a cobalt-based zeolitic imidazolate framework. Using synchrotron-based powder X-ray diffraction, we provide real-time insights into the formation dynamics of ZIF-9 during mechanosynthesis. Our results show that mechanochemically synthesised ZIF-9 exhibits superior photocatalytic activity compared to its solvothermally prepared counterpart, achieving a 2-fold increase in methylene blue degradation rate. This research not only advances our understanding of the synthesis and properties of ZIF-9, but also demonstrates the potential of mechanochemical approaches in the development of high-performance, sustainably produced materials for water treatment and other environmental applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 116-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/mr/d4mr00114a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanochemical coupling of two coupled kinesin monomers: comparison with that of the single dimer†","authors":"Ping Xie","doi":"10.1039/D4MR00057A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MR00057A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The dynamics of cargo transport by two coupled kinesin monomers, such as kinesin-1, kinesin-2 and kinesin-3, is studied theoretically and is compared with that by the corresponding single dimer on the basis of our proposed model for the mechanochemical coupling of the two coupled monomers and that of the single dimer. It is shown that if the stalk, which connects the monomer and cargo, has a short length <em>L</em><small><sub>S</sub></small> (<em>e.g.</em>, <em>L</em><small><sub>S</sub></small> < 5 nm) the cargo transport by the two monomers can be efficient with an unloaded velocity that can be similar to that by the corresponding single dimer, whereas the cargo transport by the two monomers with a long <em>L</em><small><sub>S</sub></small> can only be inefficient with an unloaded velocity and a stall force much smaller than those with the short <em>L</em><small><sub>S</sub></small>. Although the unloaded velocity for the two coupled kinesin-1 monomers with a short <em>L</em><small><sub>S</sub></small> can be similar to that for the single kinesin-1 dimer, the stall force for the former is reduced by about 2 times relative to that for the latter. The dynamics of the two coupled kinesin-3 KIF1A monomers relative to the single kinesin-3 dimer is similar to that of the two coupled kinesin-1 monomers relative to the single kinesin-1 dimer. By contrast, the stall force for the two kinesin-2 KIF3A monomers with a short <em>L</em><small><sub>S</sub></small> can be similar to that for the single kinesin-2 KIF3AA, KIF3BB or KIF3AB dimer. The theoretical results agree well with the available experimental evidence. The underlying mechanism of the two coupled kinesin-1 or kinesin-3 monomers with the short <em>L</em><small><sub>S</sub></small> having an evidently smaller stall force than the corresponding single dimer and the two coupled kinesin-2 KIF3A monomers with the short <em>L</em><small><sub>S</sub></small> having a stall force similar to that of the corresponding single dimer is explained.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 127-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/mr/d4mr00057a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter Baláž, Erika Dutková, Nina Daneu, Michal Hegedüs, Matej Baláž, Emmanuel Guilmeau, Róbert Džunda, Mária Bali-Hudáková, Veronika Garbárová, Jianzhong Jiang and Marcela Achimovičová
{"title":"Rapid mechanochemical synthesis and properties in Pb–Bi–S system†‡","authors":"Peter Baláž, Erika Dutková, Nina Daneu, Michal Hegedüs, Matej Baláž, Emmanuel Guilmeau, Róbert Džunda, Mária Bali-Hudáková, Veronika Garbárová, Jianzhong Jiang and Marcela Achimovičová","doi":"10.1039/D4MR00107A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MR00107A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We prepared a ternary sulfide with a stoichiometry close to Pb<small><sub>6</sub></small>Bi<small><sub>2</sub></small>S<small><sub>9</sub></small> from PbS, Bi, and S precursors using mechanochemical synthesis. After 5 min of high-energy milling, conversion of the precursors to Pb<small><sub>5.95</sub></small>Bi<small><sub>2.02</sub></small>S<small><sub>9.03</sub></small> was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). Further milling (up to 120 min) led to the metal-enriched and sulfur-deficient composition Pb<small><sub>6.40</sub></small>Bi<small><sub>2.24</sub></small>S<small><sub>8.36</sub></small>. Values of the specific surface area of the produced powder samples were used as an indicator of the transition from the mechanical activation mode to the mechanochemical synthesis mode. The products crystallized in the galena structure, with the crystallite size ranging from 5 to 15 nm, as determined by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) with Rietveld refinement and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The dissolution of Bi from the synthesized nanocrystals corresponds to changes in the specific surface area. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) densified ingots in the temperature range of 300–525 K exhibit semiconducting properties and a low thermal conductivity of 0.38–0.5 W m<small><sup>−1</sup></small> K<small><sup>−1</sup></small>, making them promising for thermoelectric applications. The possibility of modifying the properties of a ternary Pb–Bi–S system by mechanochemistry paves the way for the synthesis of more sophisticated ternary and multinary structures suitable for energy applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 91-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/mr/d4mr00107a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florian Luttringer, Matthieu Lavayssiere, Enita Rastoder, Nikita Salov, Tristan Gravelet, François Quintin, Julien Pinaud, Frédéric Lamaty and Xavier Bantreil
{"title":"Mechanosynthesis of ruthenium trisbipyridyl complexes and application in photoredox catalysis in a ball-mill†","authors":"Florian Luttringer, Matthieu Lavayssiere, Enita Rastoder, Nikita Salov, Tristan Gravelet, François Quintin, Julien Pinaud, Frédéric Lamaty and Xavier Bantreil","doi":"10.1039/D4MR00112E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MR00112E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Herein, we developed the mechanosynthesis of ruthenium trisbipyridyl complexes. Such complexes can be difficult to prepare in solution, with long reaction times and average yields. With ball-milling, less than 3.5 hours of milling were sufficient to obtain the complexes in high yield. Such complexes were then evaluated as catalysts in the light-promoted mechanochemical reductive dehalogenation reaction. In addition to working under solvent-less conditions, the use of a Hantzsch amide instead of the classical ester allowed drastic simplification of the purification of the final compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 108-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/mr/d4mr00112e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachel J. Allenbaugh, Tia M. Ariagno and Jeffrey Selby
{"title":"Experimental and kinetic modelling study of NC palladacycles mechanosynthesis†","authors":"Rachel J. Allenbaugh, Tia M. Ariagno and Jeffrey Selby","doi":"10.1039/D4MR00082J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MR00082J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ball mill mechanosynthesis provides a method for direct C–H activation to prepare NC palladacycle precatalysts <em>via</em> liquid-assisted grinding (LAG). Methanol and dimethylsulfoxide were used as non-innocent LAG reagents, coordinating to the Pd center and producing more reactive intermediates to speed reactions. Kinetic modelling results are consistent with a mechanism of nucleation and autocatalytic growth in these processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/mr/d4mr00082j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Greta Utecht-Jarzyńska, Szymon Jarzyński and Marcin Jasiński
{"title":"Trapping in situ generated CF3-nitrile imines with maleimides under solvent-free mechanochemical conditions†","authors":"Greta Utecht-Jarzyńska, Szymon Jarzyński and Marcin Jasiński","doi":"10.1039/D4MR00075G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MR00075G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A series of trifluoromethylated pyrrolo[3,4-<em>c</em>]pyrazoles was obtained <em>via</em> mechanochemical (3 + 2)-cycloaddition of <em>in situ</em> generated trifluoroacetonitrile imines with maleimide and its <em>N</em>-aliphatic/aromatic analogues. The presented work demonstrated that the aforementioned 1,3-dipoles can be efficiently trapped with electron-deficient dipolarophiles under solvent-free ball-milling conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 79-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/mr/d4mr00075g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coordination polymers containing dimeric Cu2X2 and polymeric (CuI)n clusters linked by unsymmetrical isomeric pyridine-benzimidazole linkers: modulating photophysical properties by mechanical stimuli†","authors":"Prantik Dutta, Abhijit Garai and Kumar Biradha","doi":"10.1039/D4MR00071D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MR00071D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Two rigid unsymmetrical linkers, <strong>4-PBI</strong> and <strong>3-PBI</strong>, have been successfully employed to synthesize three CuX cluster-based coordination polymers (CPs). The complexation reaction of <strong>4-PBI</strong> with CuI and CuBr resulted in isostructural crystalline <strong>CP1</strong> and <strong>CP2</strong>, respectively, containing Cu<small><sub>2</sub></small>X<small><sub>2</sub></small> clusters. On the other hand, the isomeric <strong>3-PBI</strong> with CuI resulted in crystalline <strong>CP3</strong> containing a one-dimensional polymeric (CuI)<small><sub><em>n</em></sub></small> cluster. Furthermore, the mechanochromism of the CPs has been examined using DRS, solid state PL, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. <strong>CP1</strong> and <strong>CP2</strong> exhibited mechanochromism as their colours changed from reddish brown to orangish yellow upon grinding. The pressure induced local distortion around the flexible dimeric cores of <strong>CP1</strong> and <strong>CP2</strong> was responsible for the resultant mechanochromism. The presence of a polymeric CuI cluster with μ<small><sub>3</sub></small>-bridging I atoms within the 2D layer of <strong>CP3</strong> renders it rigid, thereby hampering its ability to display mechanochromism.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 100-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/mr/d4mr00071d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Casper Van Poucke, Sven Mangelinckx and Christian V. Stevens
{"title":"Shaking up conjugates between chitosan and aldehydes via mechanochemistry†","authors":"Casper Van Poucke, Sven Mangelinckx and Christian V. Stevens","doi":"10.1039/D4MR00110A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MR00110A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A solid-state mechanochemical protocol to synthesize Schiff base and <em>N</em>-alkyl chitosan derivatives is described. The transition from a liquid reaction medium to a solid-state reaction allowed for a more efficient conjugation between the added hydrophobic aldehydes and hydrophilic chitosan by circumventing the generally observed solubility mismatch. Furthermore, for the reductive amination, the utilization of NaBH<small><sub>4</sub></small> was facilitated instead of NaCNBH<small><sub>3</sub></small>. The overall sustainable character of the reaction was compared to other solution-based methods <em>via</em> the calculation of the RME and PMI green metrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 142-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/mr/d4mr00110a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chrystal Lopes, Lucia Casali, Franziska Emmerling, Tom Leyssens, Valérie Dupray, Clement Brandel and Yohann Cartigny
{"title":"Efficient racemization of the pharmaceutical compound Levetiracetam using solvent-free mechanochemistry†","authors":"Chrystal Lopes, Lucia Casali, Franziska Emmerling, Tom Leyssens, Valérie Dupray, Clement Brandel and Yohann Cartigny","doi":"10.1039/D4MR00103F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MR00103F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We present the racemization of an active pharmaceutical ingredient Levetiracetam using a novel approach. We demonstrate the design of a 100% solvent-free process that proceeds by high energy milling inside a regular mixer mill. The kinetics of the racemization process is drastically improved compared to the solution-based approach and illustrates the tremendous potential of mechanochemistry. In this study, we highlight the importance of mixing efficiency regarding data reproducibility, and we show, in particular, that water contamination has a negative impact on the reaction rate. Moreover, <em>in situ</em> X-ray diffraction gives us first insights into the mechanisms involved in the solid state during the mechanochemical racemization process.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/mr/d4mr00103f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eco-friendly anaerobic oxidation of aryl diazo esters with heterocyclic N-oxide under ball milling: synthesis of 1,2-dicarbonyl systems†","authors":"Souvik Guha, Subhabrata Sen and Ludovic Gremaud","doi":"10.1039/D4MR00097H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MR00097H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Herein we report anaerobic oxidation of metal carbenoids generated from aryl diazo esters under ball milling with heterocyclic <em>N</em>-oxide in the presence of catalytic copper(<small>I</small>) to afford 1,2-dicarbonyls in excellent yield. Efficiently progressing across a diverse spectrum of substrates, the reaction demonstrates exceptional tolerance to a variety of functional groups, under mild reaction conditions, at low catalyst loading and minimum volume of solvent as a Liquid-Assisted Grinding (LAG) auxiliary thereby demonstrating a practical strategy to generate these molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/mr/d4mr00097h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}