{"title":"Moving mechanochemistry forward: mechanocatalysis","authors":"Ferdi Schüth and Claudia Weidenthaler","doi":"10.1039/D6MR90005D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6MR90005D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A graphical abstract is available for this content</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 2","pages":" 141-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/mr/d6mr90005d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147375082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. D. S. Kanchana Garumanna, Ranjit Thakuria and Nadeesh M. Adassooriya
{"title":"Mechanochemical synthesis of aspirin nanocrystals for pharmaceutical applications","authors":"G. D. S. Kanchana Garumanna, Ranjit Thakuria and Nadeesh M. Adassooriya","doi":"10.1039/D5MR00118H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5MR00118H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Aspirin's oral bioavailability is about 50%, but this can be significantly improved through nanocrystal formulation and polymorphic transformation. However, achieving homogeneous nanocrystals with optimal stability and morphology remains challenging. In this study, pure aspirin was synthesized chemically, and nanocrystals were generated using both neat grinding (NG) and liquid-assisted grinding (LAG). Key parameters such as nature of liquid, liquid-to-solid ratio (<em>η</em>), milling frequency, milling time, and temperature were systematically optimized. Both solution crystallisation and mechanochemical milling successfully produced Form IV, which remains stable for over 60 days under ambient conditions (22–27 °C and 45–75% RH). Using water as the added liquid consistently converts aspirin Form IV to stable Form I under <em>η</em> = 0.07–0.15, 30 Hz and 10–120 minutes of milling. With cyclohexane, Form IV transforms to Form I within 30 minutes at <em>η</em> = 0.1, but reverts to Form IV after 60 minutes, and increasing <em>η</em> maintains it in Form IV for a period of over 60 days. Optimal nanocrystals were obtained by milling at 30 Hz for 30 minutes around 28 °C, with <em>η</em> between 0.1 and 0.2. Water proves to be most effective, as its hydrogen bonding disrupts the aspirin crystal lattice, and high surface tension improves shear stress transfer. This yields nanocrystals of ∼150 nm, reduces the melting point by 25.1 °C, and achieves ∼90% drug release within 6.5 minutes at pH 1.2, highlighting the potential of aspirin nanocrystals for enhanced bioavailability and therapeutic performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 3","pages":" 393-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/mr/d5mr00118h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147872269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alisson Luiz Rocha Balbino, Giovanna Pereira Correia, Gustavo Henrique Correia dos Santos, Priscilla Jussiane Zambiazi, João Paulo da Silva Souza, Bryan Alberto Laura Larico, Denise de Lima Dias Delarica, Kathleen Fernandes, Mara Regina Moitinho, Luciana Pires Rodrigues Betioli, José Marques, Dagoberto de Oliveira da Silva, Paulo Filho Marques de Oliveira and Liane Marcia Rossi
{"title":"Mechanochemical approach to gallate bioMOFs: efficient synthesis and Cr(vi) removal from aqueous and soil systems","authors":"Alisson Luiz Rocha Balbino, Giovanna Pereira Correia, Gustavo Henrique Correia dos Santos, Priscilla Jussiane Zambiazi, João Paulo da Silva Souza, Bryan Alberto Laura Larico, Denise de Lima Dias Delarica, Kathleen Fernandes, Mara Regina Moitinho, Luciana Pires Rodrigues Betioli, José Marques, Dagoberto de Oliveira da Silva, Paulo Filho Marques de Oliveira and Liane Marcia Rossi","doi":"10.1039/D5MR00123D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5MR00123D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Heavy metal atoms, such as chromium, lead, cadmium, and others, are harmful to health and the environment and can cause irreversible impacts at certain concentrations. Given the hazards and increasing levels of chromium in aquatic and soils systems due to anthropogenic activities, it is important to implement heavy metal adsorption technologies for sustainable and green development. Here, two bioMOFs were synthetized <em>via</em> mechanochemistry, a solvent-free and environmentally friendly method that enables faster reactions compared to conventional solvothermal synthesis. Both MOFs use gallate as the organic linker, and the reactions were performed using a vibratory ball mill. The Fe-gallate MOF was obtained after 15 minutes of milling and the Mg-gallate MOF, after 60 minutes of milling, both significantly faster than what was reported before. The maximum Cr(<small>VI</small>) removal efficiency (29%) was obtained with the mechanochemically synthesized Fe-gallate. The material was further applied to Cr-rich soil samples, confirming its efficiency in chromium removal from complex matrices. These findings reinforce the potential of mechanochemistry as a sustainable route for the synthesis of advanced materials, particularly bioMOFs, providing greener alternatives from material selection to synthesis and application.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 3","pages":" 378-392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/mr/d5mr00123d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147872268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Koya M. Hori, Yoshifumi Toyama, Takato Mori, Takumu Nakamura, Yohei Ono and Hideto Ito
{"title":"Lithium-mediated mechanochemical annulative dimerization of diarylacetylenes for synthesis of 1,4-dihydrodinaphthopentalenes","authors":"Koya M. Hori, Yoshifumi Toyama, Takato Mori, Takumu Nakamura, Yohei Ono and Hideto Ito","doi":"10.1039/D5MR00145E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5MR00145E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >1,4-Dihydrodiarenopentalenes, the reduced derivatives of diarenopentalene, have attracted attention owing to their rigid planar π-conjugated ladder framework, photophysical properties, <em>C</em><small><sub>2</sub></small>-chiral structure, and potential applications in physical organic chemistry and materials science. Unlike the established methods for parent diarenopentalenes, the synthetic method for 1,4-dihydrodiarenopentalenes is less established, and the constructed structures are highly limited to dihydrodibenzopentalenes with trialkylsilyl substituents. Herein, we report a novel method for synthesizing 1,4-dihydrodinaphthopentalene derivatives by mechanochemical annulative dimerization of 2-(arylethynyl)naphthalenes with a lithium(0) wire. This reaction is easy to handle—even in an ambient atmosphere at room temperature—and requires a minimum amount of tetrahydrofuran for efficient grinding, resulting in the formation of various 1,4-diaryl-1,4-dihydrodinaphthopentalenes within 15 min. Furthermore, structural and theoretical analyses, as well as photophysical and chiro-optical measurements, reveal untapped properties of chiral 1,4-dihydrodinaphthopentalene.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 3","pages":" 330-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/mr/d5mr00145e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147872264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin E. Zoloff Michoff, Przemysław Dopieralski and Dominik Marx
{"title":"Water greatly impacts on the nanomechanical degradation of functionalized surfaces","authors":"Martin E. Zoloff Michoff, Przemysław Dopieralski and Dominik Marx","doi":"10.1039/D5MR00030K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5MR00030K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The functionalization of gold nanoparticles by attaching polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains <em>via</em> sulfur-based anchors is a popular approach in technological and nanomedicinal applications. Still, the molecular mechanisms of nanomechanical degradation of such PEGylated gold interfaces exposed to aqueous environments remain unknown. Using isotensional <em>ab initio</em> simulations we find that water plays a pivotal role in both purely mechanical rupture and mechanochemical degradation scenarios. These are not determined by force transduction, but rather by distinct interactions of water molecules with the chemical anchors that attach PEG to gold. Based on these insights, shielding against solvation by water is expected to significantly increase their stability toward mechanically-assisted degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 3","pages":" 345-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/mr/d5mr00030k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147872266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Normanda Brown, Yogendra Nailwal, Tyra Blair, Ziad Alsudairy, Qingsong Zhang, Krystal Kennedy, Yi Liu and Xinle Li
{"title":"Amorphous-to-crystalline transformation: a mechanochemical pathway to imine-linked covalent organic frameworks","authors":"Normanda Brown, Yogendra Nailwal, Tyra Blair, Ziad Alsudairy, Qingsong Zhang, Krystal Kennedy, Yi Liu and Xinle Li","doi":"10.1039/D5MR00161G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5MR00161G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Amorphous-to-crystalline transformation is of profound importance in the crystallization of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), yet its potential through solid-state mechanochemistry remains largely unexplored. Here, we introduce a mechanochemical amorphous-to-crystalline pathway to synthesize imine-linked COFs under ambient conditions. By ball milling their amorphous progenitors, nine imine-linked COFs with distinct core structures, topologies (<strong>hcb</strong>, <strong>sql</strong>, <strong>kgm</strong>, and <strong>dia</strong>), and dimensions are constructed in as little as one hour. Notably, the unique advantage of this method is highlighted by the successful synthesis of a highly crystalline, porous pyrene-based COF inaccessible by <em>de novo</em> mechanosynthesis. A mechanochemical “scrambling” reaction of imine-based model compounds confirms the high reversibility of the imine bonds in the solid state, which is crucial for facilitating error correction during COF reconstruction. This study underscores mechanochemistry as an effective means for amorphous-to-crystalline transformation, establishing a facile, generic, and green pathway to imine-linked COFs, including those unattainable <em>via</em> conventional <em>de novo</em> mechanosynthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 3","pages":" 371-377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12869355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146128393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marisol F. Rappen, Justus Mäder, Tino Schwemin, Sven Grätz and Lars Borchardt
{"title":"The role of ball mass, surface, and contact dynamics in mechanochemical reactions","authors":"Marisol F. Rappen, Justus Mäder, Tino Schwemin, Sven Grätz and Lars Borchardt","doi":"10.1039/D5MR00146C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5MR00146C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this work, the influence of milling ball properties on energy transfer and mixing efficiency was systematically investigated by decoupling mass, surface area, and kinetic energy. To achieve this, hollow and solid balls of different sizes were employed, allowing independent variation of these parameters. Additionally, cylindrical and round-ended milling tools were additionally used to study the effects of surface geometry and contact dynamics. Yield normalization by energy input, ball mass, and surface area enables clearer correlation between individual ball characteristics and milling efficiency. This approach provides a more detailed understanding of how individual mechanical properties contribute to overall process performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 3","pages":" 357-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12863241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leon Poljanić, Tom Leyssens, Laurent Collard and Daniel M. Baier
{"title":"When chirality breaks: mechanochemical degradation of biaryl atropisomers","authors":"Leon Poljanić, Tom Leyssens, Laurent Collard and Daniel M. Baier","doi":"10.1039/D5MR00132C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5MR00132C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We investigated the stereochemical stability of biaryl atropisomers under conditions typically employed in organic mechanosynthesis. Systematic variation of reaction parameters revealed three degradation pathways: racemisation, cyclisation, and oligomerisation. This previously overlooked behaviour critically impacts catalytic performance in asymmetric synthesis, highlighting the need for rigorous stability assessment during mechanochemical reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 2","pages":" 218-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/mr/d5mr00132c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147375139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomislav Stolar, Dilara Bayram, Anastasia May, Remie Sundermann, Carsten Prinz, Klas Meyer, Anett Myxa, Jana Falkenhagen and Franziska Emmerling
{"title":"Selective mechanochemical conversion of post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate waste into hcp and fcu UiO-66 metal–organic frameworks†","authors":"Tomislav Stolar, Dilara Bayram, Anastasia May, Remie Sundermann, Carsten Prinz, Klas Meyer, Anett Myxa, Jana Falkenhagen and Franziska Emmerling","doi":"10.1039/D4MR00126E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MR00126E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Single-use plastics strongly contribute to plastic pollution, and less than 10% of plastic waste is recycled globally. Here, we present a selective mechanochemical protocol for converting post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) transparent bottles and coloured textile waste into the porous metal–organic framework (MOF) UiO-66 materials. We used time-resolved <em>in situ</em> (TRIS) synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy to monitor the depolymerization of PET during ball milling. To convert disodium terephthalate to UiO-66, we developed base and base-free synthetic routes that lead to fcu and hcp UiO-66 phases, respectively, including the first ever synthesis of hcp UiO-66 by mechanochemistry. Our results demonstrate the potential of mechanochemistry to selectively access fcu and hcp UiO-66 phases using post-consumer PET waste.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 2","pages":" 293-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/mr/d4mr00126e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147375155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transition-metal-free/boric acid catalysed mechanochemical synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical azobenzenes: a sustainable approach","authors":"Tandra Kundu, Saptadwipa Bhattacharjee, Gyan Chandra Pariyar, Bijeta Mitra and Pranab Ghosh","doi":"10.1039/D5MR00133A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5MR00133A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A mechanochemical protocol employing boric acid, an economical and environmentally benign inorganic acid catalyst, enables the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical azobenzenes from diverse amines. This grinding-based, solvent-free approach provides a sustainable alternative to conventional methods, avoiding harsh transition-metal catalysts. The use of oxone as a green oxidant, operation under ambient conditions, simplified work-up, and overall environmental compatibility highlight the advantages of this methodology.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 3","pages":" 363-370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/mr/d5mr00133a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147872267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}