RSC Applied Polymers最新文献

{"title":"Iodonium functionalized polystyrene as non-chemically amplified resists for electron beam and extreme ultraviolet lithography†","authors":"Xindi Yao, Peng Lian, Jinping Chen, Yi Zeng, Tianjun Yu, Shuangqing Wang, Xudong Guo, Rui Hu, Peng Tian, Michaela Vockenhuber, Dimitrios Kazazis, Yasin Ekinci, Guoqiang Yang and Yi Li","doi":"10.1039/D4LP00136B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LP00136B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A novel non-chemically amplified resist (n-CAR) based on biphenyl iodonium perfluoro-1-butanesulfonate-modified polystyrene with a naphthalimide scaffold (PSNA<small>_0.4</small>) was synthesized and characterized. Through extensive exploration using dose-dependent resist thickness analysis, acetonitrile was identified as the optimal developer. Employing electron beam lithography (EBL), the n-CAR of PSNA<small>_0.4</small> demonstrated its high-resolution patterning capability by resolving a dense line pattern of 18 nm L/S at an exposure dose of 1300 μC cm<small>⁻²</small>, achieving a high contrast of 7.1. Further studies using extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) demonstrated that the PSNA<small>_0.4</small> resist can achieve 22 nm L/S patterns at a dose of 90.8 mJ cm<small>⁻²</small>, underscoring its high sensitivity for n-CARs. Detailed studies to gain insights into the underlying patterning mechanisms using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggest that the cleavage of polar iodonium into nonpolar polystyrene (PS)-based iodobenzene species enables a solubility switch, resulting in negative lithographic patterns. These findings highlight the innovative potential of the PSNA<small>_0.4</small> resist in advancing the capabilities of n-CAR technologies, particularly in the realms of EBL and EUVL, for high-resolution lithographic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":101139,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Polymers","volume":" 5","pages":" 870-879"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/lp/d4lp00136b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-photon laser printing of 3D multicolor emissive polymer microstructures†","authors":"Finn Kröger, Robert Eichelmann, Gabriel Sauter, Audrey Pollien, Petra Tegeder, Lutz H. Gade and Eva Blasco","doi":"10.1039/D4LP00141A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LP00141A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, we aim for the fabrication of precise multi-color 3D microstructures utilizing organic emitters. We have carefully selected dyes with red, green, and blue (RGB) emission characteristics and incorporated them into printable formulations suitable for two-photon laser printing (2PLP). Specifically, we have chosen an OAPPDO derivative, a boron dipyrromethene difluoride (BODIPY), and a coumarin derivative as red, green, and blue emitters, respectively, each functionalized with acrylate groups. The photopolymerizable groups allow for covalent linking to the polymer network formed in the subsequent step, enabling precise control over the incorporation of the desired emitter. The formulations including these three photopolymerizable dyes have been employed to print emissive 3D microstructures <em>via</em> 2PLP. Furthermore, we have studied and optimized their printability, resolution, and emission properties for each case. In a last step, we have fabricated complex multi-material 3D microstructures, demonstrating the versatility and potential application of our method in displays or anti-counterfeiting systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":101139,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Polymers","volume":" 5","pages":" 847-856"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/lp/d4lp00141a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and pH-responsive properties of bacteria mimicking hydrogel capsules","authors":"Veronika Kozlovskaya and Eugenia Kharlampieva","doi":"10.1039/D4LP00137K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LP00137K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The evolution of a non-spherical shape of microorganisms helped them survive by evading capture and digestion, which is crucial for their biological functioning. Synthetic imitation of the non-spherical shapes of various microorganisms and cells can enhance the ability of synthetic particulates to deliver therapeutics inside the body. Herein, we synthesized non-spherical polymer hydrogel microcapsules with bacteria-mimicking shapes, including prolate ellipsoid, peanut, and hourglass shapes similar to some pathogen microorganisms like <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, and <em>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</em>. The hydrogel shells were synthesized through a multilayer assembly of hydrogen-bonded poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) and non-ionic poly(<em>N</em>-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVPON) homopolymers on the surfaces of non-porous iron oxide microparticles of 2 μm in length. After covalent cross-linking of PMAA layers, followed by the release of PVPON at pH = 8 and the dissolution of the particle templates, curved rod-shaped (PMAA) multilayer hydrogel microcapsules with a pH-responsive shell were obtained. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis confirmed the covalent cross-linking of the shell and the release of PVPON from the capsule shell networks. The (PMAA) hydrogel capsules demonstrated excellent retention of their ellipsoid, peanut, and hourglass shapes after core dissolution in acidic solutions despite a nanothin (∼40 nm) hydrogel membrane. Remarkably, all systems retained bacteria-like shapes in solutions at pH = 8, increasing in size by 20–30%, as confirmed by confocal fluorescence microscopy. All bacteria-like shaped microcapsules demonstrated homogeneous swelling in all directions regardless of the coating location at the initial particle perimeter, indicating similar cross-linking for all shapes and no effect of the iron oxide particle surfaces on the formation of the hydrogel shell. This work can help develop polymeric non-spherical particulates that are adaptable and on-demand for biomedical applications, including advanced targeting of pathological tissues and developing artificial cells with intelligent responses to environmental cues. Synthetic imitation of bacteria-like shapes and morphological flexibility demonstrated in this work using a multilayer assembly of polymer hydrogel capsules can bring new insights into the understanding and synthetic reproduction of properties essential for the synthetic particulates to evade the immune system and increase tissue targeting. These properties can be critical for developing unconventional particulates for controlled delivery and advanced imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":101139,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Polymers","volume":" 1","pages":" 125-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lp/d4lp00137k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The luminous frontier: transformative NIR-IIa fluorescent polymer dots for deep-tissue imaging","authors":"Richardson Lawrance, Partha Chowdhury, Hong-Cheu Lin and Yang-Hsiang Chan","doi":"10.1039/D4LP00076E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LP00076E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In the realm of deep-tissue imaging, fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) has proved to be an emerging tool, allowing scientists to probe biological processes with unprecedented depth. Within the NIR-II window, the NIR-IIa region (1300–1400 nm) has proved to have excellent imaging quality in the NIR-II window. Among the diverse types of NIR-II fluorophores, polymer dots (Pdots) have surfaced as a unique category of probes due to their exceptional properties including exorbitant brightness, excellent photostability, outstanding water dispersibility, and facile structural modification compared to traditional fluorescent molecules. The utilization of NIR-IIa Pdots has also addressed critical limitations in imaging by utilizing the advantages of reduced light scattering, diminished autofluorescence, and decreased light absorption by biospecies. Realizing such remarkable characteristics, this review offers insights into the design of high-performance NIR-IIa Pdots through a comprehensive interplay between chemical structures, photophysical properties, and their application in deep-tissue imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":101139,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Polymers","volume":" 5","pages":" 749-774"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/lp/d4lp00076e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salicylhydroxamic acid containing structural adhesive†","authors":"Md Saleh Akram Bhuiyan, Kan Wang, Fatemeh Razaviamri and Bruce P. Lee","doi":"10.1039/D4LP00139G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LP00139G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The feasibility of utilizing salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) as a new adhesive molecule for designing structural adhesives is investigated in this study. SHAM-containing polymers were prepared with a hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) or methoxyethyl acrylate (MEA) backbone and mixed with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). PVDF was included to increase the cohesive property of the adhesive through hydrogen bond (H-bond) formation with the adhesive polymers. SHAM-containing adhesive demonstrated lap shear adhesion strength (<em>S</em><small>_adh</small>) greater than 0.9 MPa to glass, metal, and polymeric surfaces. Adhesive formulations with elevated SHAM-content also demonstrated increased adhesive properties with <em>S</em><small>_adh</small> values reaching as high as 4.8 MPa. Due to the physically crosslinked nature of these adhesives, formulations with extensive H-bonding resulted in strong adhesion and stability. HEMA consists of a terminal hydroxyl group with both H-bond donor and acceptor, which enabled HEMA-containing adhesives to demonstrate strong adhesion even without PVDF. On the other hand, MEA contains a methoxy group that lacks H-bond donors for forming H-bonding and MEA-containing adhesives required PVDF to provide H-bond acceptors to increase its cohesive property. An aging study was performed on the bonded joints. While the adhesive joints did not demonstrate any reduction in <em>S</em><small>_adh</small> values over 25 days when incubated in a dry condition, <em>S</em><small>_adh</small> values decreased by 80% over 48 h when incubated in water. This is potentially due to the hydrophilic and physically crosslinked nature of the adhesive. Nevertheless, the SHAM-containing adhesive outperformed a catechol-containing adhesive and epoxy glue and is a promising new adhesive molecule for designing structural adhesives.</p>","PeriodicalId":101139,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Polymers","volume":" 5","pages":" 838-846"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/lp/d4lp00139g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of gradient porous polymer membranes with multifunctionality†","authors":"Weigang Ji, Xiaohu Li, Qi Xi, Mengyuan Song, Xue Wu and Pengfei Song","doi":"10.1039/D3LP00141E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3LP00141E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Porous membranes have attracted considerable attention in materials science. It is crucial to develop a simple strategy for multifunctional porous membranes with broad applications. Herein, gradient porous membranes were prepared from a poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) of poly[3-cyanomethyl-1-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl)imide] and the natural small molecule of α-thioctic acid (TA) using a combination of solution mixing, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and post-processing. The resulting membranes of PIL/PTA with gradient pores were confirmed by FT-IR, NMR, Raman, and SEM characterizations. Interestingly, PIL/PTA porous membranes are stimulus-responsive materials with self-healing and UV-blocking properties. It is demonstrated that polymer membranes with solvent-stimulated responsiveness depend mainly on their gradient pore structure, which can be used as a highly sensitive solvent sensor. In addition, self-healing and UV-blocking properties have been developed by combining typical features of PIL and PTA into porous membranes. This work is beneficial for the rational design of multifunctional porous membrane materials to meet existing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":101139,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Polymers","volume":" 5","pages":" 816-820"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/lp/d3lp00141e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adenosine detection in serum using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor with molecularly imprinted polymers incorporating modified thymidine monomers†","authors":"Molly I. Wild, Mark V. Sullivan, Chester Blackburn and Nicholas W. Turner","doi":"10.1039/D4LP00059E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LP00059E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Stress is a response to stimuli which disrupt the homeostasis of a cell or organism. Adenosine is a purine nucleoside which functions as an immunomodulator and signalling molecule, with elevated levels present in tissues exposed to stress. Current methods used to determine adenosine levels within the body involve chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, which while sensitive is time consuming and costly, highlighting the need for a quicker and more cost-effective detection method. Six nanoMIPs were produced using solid-phase synthesis targeting adenosine: a plain nano-MIP, an acrylamide-dT nano-MIP (bearing an acrylamide-modified thymidine molecule), and a carboxy-dT nanoMIP (bearing a carboxy-modified thymidine molecule) were made using two different methods. The first involved glutaraldehyde as the linker molecule connecting the template to the solid phase, whilst the second used EDC/NHS coupling chemistry. This allowed us to alter the orientation of the template to present either the base or sugar outwards. SPR was used to test the nanoMIP binding affinities and selectivity against adenosine, thymidine, deoxyguanosine and deoxycytidine. It was found the binding affinities of the nanoMIPs increased with use of the modified thymidine monomers, with equilibrium dissociation constants (<em>K</em><small>_D</small>) values of the plain nanoMIP, acrylamide-dT nanoMIP and carboxy-dT nanoMIP being 221 nM, 9.35 nM, and 2.11 nM respectively for the glutaraldehyde method. The following <em>K</em><small>_D</small> values were obtained for the EDC/NHS method: 212 nM, 5430 nM, and 111 nM for the plain nanoMIP, acrylamide-dT nanoMIP and carboxy-dT nano-MIP respectively. This illustrated the glutaraldehyde method produced more effective nanoMIPs than using EDC/NHS. This is surprising as it is counter-intuitive to the imagined Watson–Crick pairing. When challenged with the other nucleosides, excellent selectivity was observed. Fetal bovine serum was used to test the capability of the nanoMIPs in complex matrixes with consistent results produced throughout.</p>","PeriodicalId":101139,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Polymers","volume":" 4","pages":" 726-735"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/lp/d4lp00059e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141725725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted release of live probiotics from alginate-based nanofibers in a simulated gastrointestinal tract†","authors":"Emily Diep and Jessica D. Schiffman","doi":"10.1039/D4LP00023D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LP00023D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Gut bacteria influence human health by digesting nutrients, modulating immune responses, and communicating with the nervous system. Orally delivered probiotics must survive the harsh environment of stomach acid to reach the gut microbiome and incur a health benefit. Here, the probiotic <em>Lactococcus lactis</em> was encapsulated <em>via</em> coaxial electrospinning into alginate-based nanofibers containing the antacid calcium carbonate. Though the high molecular weight polyethylene oxide was used to facilitate fiber formation, crosslinking the nanofibers in an aqueous solution allowed the polyethylene oxide to diffuse out of the nanofiber to form a safe for oral consumption formulation. The antacid protected the encapsulated living bacteria against acidic insults; thus, bacteria remained viable and encapsulated during submersion in a simulated stomach model. After transfer to the intestinal phase, up to 120 000 viable probiotic cells were released per gram of nanofibers demonstrating the pH-dependent delivery of the electrospun alginate nanofibers.</p>","PeriodicalId":101139,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Polymers","volume":" 4","pages":" 719-725"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/lp/d4lp00023d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141725724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective on the development and application of ionic polymer metal composites: from actuators to multifunctional sensors","authors":"Gangqiang Tang, Xin Zhao, Dong Mei, Chun Zhao and Yanjie Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4LP00084F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LP00084F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are a versatile class of ionic polymer-based transducers with excellent electromechanical properties and wide application potential in the fields of bionic robots, medical devices and wearable devices as actuators and sensors. In this perspective, we discuss the development of polymer matrices and applications of IPMCs, from actuating to multifunctional sensing. The latest ionic polymer matrixes for IPMCs show the trend toward being printable, programmable and degradable, which will facilitate multi-scenario applications of IPMCs. Regarding the applications, IPMCs have been widely used in various fields as actuators and multi-parameter sensors, and related devices will be further developed in the direction of miniaturization, integration and intelligence. Furthermore, some suggestions are put forward to facilitate the further development and wide application of IPMCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":101139,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Polymers","volume":" 5","pages":" 795-804"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/lp/d4lp00084f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poly(l-glutamic acid) augments the transfection performance of lipophilic polycations by overcoming tradeoffs among cytotoxicity, pDNA delivery efficiency, and serum stability†","authors":"Ram Prasad Sekar, Jessica L. Lawson, Aryelle R. E. Wright, Caleb McGrath, Cesar Schadeck, Praveen Kumar, Jian Wei Tay, Joseph Dragavon and Ramya Kumar","doi":"10.1039/D4LP00085D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LP00085D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Polycations are scalable and affordable nanocarriers for delivering therapeutic nucleic acids. Yet, cationicity-dependent tradeoffs between nucleic acid delivery efficiency, cytotoxicity, and serum stability hinder clinical translation. Typically, the most efficient polycationic vehicles also tend to be the most toxic. For lipophilic polycations—which recruit hydrophobic interactions in addition to electrostatic interactions to bind and deliver nucleic acids—extensive chemical or architectural modifications sometimes fail to resolve intractable toxicity—efficiency tradeoffs. Here, we employ a facile post-synthetic polyplex surface modification strategy wherein poly(<small>L</small>-glutamic acid) (PGA) rescues toxicity, inhibits hemolysis, and prevents serum inhibition of lipophilic polycation-mediated plasmid (pDNA) delivery. Importantly, the sequence in which polycations, pDNA, and PGA are combined dictates pDNA conformations and spatial distribution. Circular dichroism spectroscopy reveals that PGA must be added last to polyplexes assembled from lipophilic polycations and pDNA; else, PGA will disrupt polycation-mediated pDNA condensation. Although PGA did not mitigate toxicity caused by hydrophilic PEI-based polycations, PGA tripled the population of transfected viable cells for lipophilic polycations. Non-specific adsorption of serum proteins abrogated pDNA delivery mediated by lipophilic polycations; however, PGA-coated polyplexes proved more serum-tolerant than uncoated polyplexes. Despite lower cellular uptake than uncoated polyplexes, PGA-coated polyplexes were imported into nuclei at higher rates. PGA also silenced the hemolytic activity of lipophilic polycations. Our work provides fundamental insights into how polyanionic coatings such as PGA transform intermolecular interactions between lipophilic polycations, nucleic acids, and serum proteins, and facilitate gentle yet efficient transgene delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":101139,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Polymers","volume":" 4","pages":" 701-718"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/lp/d4lp00085d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141725723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}