Results in Materials最新文献

{"title":"Integrating experiments, finite element analysis, and explainable machine learning for natural fiber based hybrid composites","authors":"Md Moinul Hasan Sadik ,&nbsp;Akash Baral ,&nbsp;Md Sojeeb Ahmed ,&nbsp;Md Khalid Al Zuhanee ,&nbsp;Md Ashraful Islam ,&nbsp;Md Abdul Wakil ,&nbsp;Md Abdul Hasib","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reliable prediction of mechanical properties in natural fiber–based composites is crucial for their advancement as sustainable structural materials. The development of natural fiber–based hybrid composites is often hindered by costly, resource-intensive, and time-consuming experimental iterations. While Machine Learning (ML) offers a powerful alternative for accelerating property prediction, standard models often function as 'black boxes,' which limits their trustworthiness and fails to provide the scientific insights needed for true material design. This study addresses this critical gap by developing and validating an integrated framework that combines experiments, Finite Element Analysis, and Explainable Machine learning to predict and interpret mechanical properties of banana fiber reinforced composites. Four supervised machine learning (ML) models—Random Forest, XGBoost, Gradient Boosting, and k-Nearest Neighbor—were developed and trained on a combined literature–experimental dataset. Among them, the XGBoost model exhibited the highest predictive accuracy, achieving R² values of 0.71 for tensile strength and 0.76 for flexural strength in validation. To address the “black box” challenge of ML, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was employed, revealing fiber length and filler percentage as the most influential features governing strength predictions. The integration of ML with experimental and numerical validation demonstrates a powerful framework for reducing trial-and-error in composite design, while providing interpretable insights into the role of key material parameters. This work establishes explainable ML as an effective and sustainable tool for optimizing natural fiber–based hybrid composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100835"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of processing technology for Ni-based superalloys using energy-concentrated cavitation with synchrotron X-rays","authors":"Toshihiko Yoshimura,&nbsp;Yuto Maeda,&nbsp;Suguru Ito","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.100917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.100917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An energy-concentrated multifunction cavitation process employing X-rays from a synchrotron source was developed. Using this technology, the surface of an SC610 Ni-based superalloy single crystal was processed with a mixture of acetone and deuterated acetone that produced higher bubble temperatures than water. Compared with a previously-developed energy-concentrated cavitation system using a high magnetic field with laser irradiation (LMEI-MFC), this new process involving high-energy X-rays dramatically improved the processing efficiency and increased the area that could be treated. After processing, the alloy surface was flattened and the structural stabilization elements Ta, W and Re were isolated on the surface while the proportion of the γ′ phase was optimized. The processed surface was also clean without any oxide film. This technology is expected to have applications in the strengthening of various heat-resistant metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100917"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limits in crystallinity of AlN thin films produced by PE-ALD at low temperature","authors":"Yves Fleming,&nbsp;Noureddine Adjeroud,&nbsp;Adrian-Marie Philippe,&nbsp;Jérôme Guillot,&nbsp;Patrick Grysan,&nbsp;Jérôme Polesel-Maris","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.100916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.100916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to their physical properties, Group-III Nitrides have attracted much attention in the microelectronics industry as these materials are highly useful for the design of transducers, resonators as well as 5G and future 6G applications. In this work, we investigate the crystallographic orientation of AlN thin films deposited on Si &lt; 111&gt; wafers by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) at temperatures ranging from 300 °C down to 130 °C. Our work shows a change in <em>c</em>-axis preferred crystalline orientation between 150 °C and 130 °C. Pole figure measurements reveal an out of plane &lt;<em>0001</em>&gt; preferred texture for AlN thin films produced by PE-ALD using deposition temperatures as low as 180 °C. From HRTEM observations, it was determined that the &lt;0001&gt; oriented columnar grains had an angular spread ranging from 24° to 38° when observed over a large area of 35 × 35 nm², even though no spread was observed when considering a 5 × 5 nm² region. High Resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) EDX measurements as well as XPS profiles show a thin oxide layer at the AlN/Si&lt;111&gt; interface. The latter seems to be detrimental to the growth of an AlN epitaxial layer on Si&lt;111&gt;.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100916"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of industrial waste, uncalcined rice husk, and sand on the mechanical strength of geopolymer cement for additive manufacturing","authors":"Charudatta Mhasde ,&nbsp;Christian Pongratz ,&nbsp;Trinanjana Mandal ,&nbsp;Katsuo Kurabayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.100909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.100909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Concrete is the second most consumed material globally, and Portland cement production contributes about 8% of CO₂ emissions, emphasizing the need for developing low-carbon binders for structural and additive manufacturing applications. This study proposes a standardized approach for evaluating geopolymer concrete (GPC) mix designs using a preset binder combined with industrial and agricultural waste.Crushed and uncalcined rice husk powder was incorporated to reduce embodied energy and density while assessing its effects on reactivity and performance.</div><div>Compressive strength testing, Scanning electron Microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were used on precursor and cured samples to examine mechanical behavior and microstructural features. The mixture containing Uncalcined Rice Husk, industrial waste, and water achieved the highest compressive strength (30.45 MPa). Results demonstrate that combining industrial waste with rice husk can produce high-strength, low-carbon GPC composites suitable for additive manufacturing and construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100909"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavior of masonry walls under reverse fault rupture: Foundation and non-foundation comparisons","authors":"Saeid Pourkarimi Koukaneh ,&nbsp;Meysam Fadaee ,&nbsp;Mohammad Yekrangnia ,&nbsp;Navid Ganjian","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reverse faulting is among the most critical geohazards affecting surface structures in seismically active regions. This study investigates the seismic response of unreinforced masonry walls subjected to reverse fault rupture with a 60-degree dip angle using a 1:10 scale physical model. The walls, constructed from natural travertine using scaled compressive bricks (10 × 20 × 5 mm) and a mortar composed of cement, fine sand, and sodium silicate, were placed over SP-type poorly graded sand compacted to 80 % relative density. Transparent glass panels were used to confine lateral deformation and enabled accurate tracking of fault-induced wall and soil displacements through high-resolution digital imaging. The results indicate that the presence of a shallow rigid foundation reduced wall rotation and lateral displacement by 38 % and 27 %, respectively, while decreasing settlement by 65 %, limiting it to only 12 mm. However, concentrated stress beneath the foundation led to localized detachment of the supporting soil, referred to as a loss of support, posing risks of differential settlement. In contrast, foundationless walls exhibited more uniform deformation and penetrated up to 26 mm into the sand, moving synchronously with the underlying soil. Experimental observations clearly demonstrate that the presence of a foundation can significantly enhance wall stability under reverse faulting. These findings highlight the importance of foundation design and soil structure interaction in improving the seismic resilience of masonry systems in fault crossing zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100884"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase and microstructure formation in WC-Co cemented carbide tools via cold isostatic pressing","authors":"Vitalii Sheremet ,&nbsp;Gennadiy Akimov ,&nbsp;Ihor Andreiev ,&nbsp;Yurii Besarabets ,&nbsp;Serhii Studenets ,&nbsp;Iryna Trosnikova ,&nbsp;Petro Loboda","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>WC-Co cemented carbides exhibit a combination of high hardness, strength, and fracture toughness due to the synergistic composition effect of the hard tungsten carbide phase and the ductile cobalt binder. The cobalt binder typically contains both hexagonal and cubic polymorphic modifications, whose distinct mechanical and service properties make phase ratio control a key factor in enhancing tool performance. This study explores the use of cold isostatic pressing (CIP) of WC-Co green compacts before sintering as a method to enhance the properties of cemented carbides. A comparative analysis was carried out between cermets compacted via uniaxial pressing (UP) and those subjected to CIP before sintering. The results revealed that CIP significantly refined WC grain size in WC-8Co cermet, reducing it by 57 % from 2.3 μm to 1.0 μm. In both WC-8Co and WC-15Co cemented carbides, which were subjected to CIP, cobalt predominantly existed in the hexagonal polymorphic modification, in contrast to the cubic structure stabilized in alloys compacted solely by UP. Due to the structural changes, the mean transverse rupture strength (TRS) of CIP-ed WC-8Co and WC-15Co increased by 9 % (to 1980 MPa) and 13 % (to 2410 MPa), respectively. Cutting tools and burnishing tools were fabricated from WC-8Co and WC-15Co cemented carbides, respectively. Compared to tools compacted solely by UP, the wear rates of CIP-ed WC-8Co and WC-15Co tools were reduced by 67 % and 44 %, respectively. Overall, these findings demonstrate the effectiveness of CIP as a method for tailoring the microstructure of WC-Co cermets, significantly improving their wear resistance under severe contact loading conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100865"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Na2O and polyethylene glycol in magnetic properties of SiO2‐FeO‐CaO‐Na2O bioactive glass-ceramics for cancer therapy","authors":"P. Rastgoo Oskoui,&nbsp;M. Rezvani","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glass-ceramics containing maghemite crystals are used for cancer treatment by magnetic fluid hyperthermia method. The present research focuses on the magnetic, structural, and phase aspects of <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mn>20</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>SiO</mtext></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>‐</mo><mn>50</mn><mtext>FeO</mtext><mo>‐</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mn>25</mn><mo>‐</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mspace></mspace><mtext>CaO</mtext><mo>‐</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mn>5</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><msub><mtext>Na</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi><mo>,</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>15</mn></mrow></math></span> glass-ceramics system. Two groups of glass-ceramics were studied, one with and one without the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000. Maghemite, hematite and sodium calcium silicate were crystallized in the samples. In the VSM curve, it was obvious that the sample containing 15 wt% <span><math><mrow><msub><mtext>Na</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi></mrow></math></span> in the presence of polyethylene glycol 4000 had the highest saturation magnetization, with a value of 21.5 emu/g. In fact, some of the glass network oxygens are removed during the burning of polyethylene, and more value crystallizes in the structure. SEM images revealed the morphology of maghemite was dumbbell-shaped. It was also observed in the study of the best sample bioactivity that the cauliflower-shaped hydroxyapatite crystallized on the particle surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100839"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of noble metal nanoparticles on the upconversion of NaYF4:Er,Yb","authors":"T.M. Abdalkreem,&nbsp;H.C. Swart,&nbsp;R.E. Kroon","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.100886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.100886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although enhancement of up-conversion (UC) phosphors by metal nanoparticles (NPs) has been regularly reported, it is not yet easy to use the results to generalize the specific conditions leading to enhancement and there is a lack of systematic studies assessing a wide range of parameters. Therefore a prototyping mixing protocol was implemented to assess the effect of the size of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) NPs on the performance of hexagonal NaYF₄:Er,Yb UC phosphor prepared by high-temperature co-precipitation, producing particles of size 22 nm in solution. Separately, Au and Ag metal NPs of 17–45 nm and 12–32 nm, respectively, were prepared using reduction methods. Solution mixing and freeze drying was used to prepare powder samples, initially with metal-to-phosphor particle ratio ∼1:50. Transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the mixing, while X-ray diffraction patterns indicated no change in the structure of the phosphor resulting from mixing. Despite the range of metal NP sizes used, neither Au or Ag mixing resulted in enhancement. Using Au NPs of intermediate size (30 nm), lower mixing ratios to ∼1:600 were assessed, but this only resulted in quenching, which became stronger as more Au NPs were added. These results indicate that plasmonic enhancement may require quite specific conditions to achieve or that the mixing process did not facilitate the interaction conditions leading to plasmonic enhancement. Despite not achieving plasmonic enhancement, the results of this study are important to consider for the broad systematic conditions assessed as well as the novel mixing protocol used.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100886"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of UV-induced surface modification of polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene","authors":"S. Jamali ,&nbsp;S.S. Ghaffari-Oskooei ,&nbsp;S. Allahyari","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface modification of polymers is essential for improving their interfacial properties without compromising bulk performance. This study investigates the effects of ultraviolet UV irradiation on the surface characteristics of polyethylene PE and polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE with the objective of understanding the relationship between UV-induced surface modifications and changes in wettability, chemical composition, and morphology. PE and PTFE samples were exposed to controlled UV treatment, and their surface properties were analyzed using water contact angle WCA measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR, and atomic force microscopy AFM. Results showed that UV treatment led to a significant decrease in the water contact angle of PE, with a 106 % reduction, reflecting an increase in hydrophilicity. In contrast, PTFE exhibited a more moderate 60 % decrease in WCA, indicating limited enhancement in wettability. FTIR analysis revealed the formation of oxygen-containing functional groups in both polymers, with PE showing a more pronounced incorporation of these groups. The surface roughness of PE increased by 180 %, from 42 nm to 118 nm, whereas PTFE showed a more modest increase of 89 %. The AFM analysis confirmed a significant increase in nanoscale roughness for PE, while PTFE exhibited minimal morphological changes.</div><div>This comparative analysis highlights the strong influence of polymer chemistry on UV-induced surface modification mechanisms. These findings demonstrate that PE is more responsive to UV irradiation, with significant alterations that lead to enhanced surface energy and wettability. In contrast, PTFE, due to its stable C-F bonds, undergoes slower and more limited modifications, primarily in the chemical domain. The study underscores the importance of material selection for applications in UV-rich environments, with PE being more suitable for applications requiring enhanced hydrophilicity, while PTFE is better suited for environments requiring UV durability. The insights gained from this work can be directly applied to the development of advanced coatings, adhesion technologies, and biomedical interfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100876"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of structural evolution in X2CrNiMo18-14-3 steel during initial deformation hardening","authors":"V.I. Surin ,&nbsp;A.A. Abu Ghazal ,&nbsp;A.I. Alwaheba","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2025.100880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the evolution of structural changes in the structural steel X2CrNiMo18-14-3 during the initial stage of deformation hardening at room temperature, within a tensile stress range of 150–525 MPa. Using the Scanning Contact Potentiometry (SCP) method, an electrical approach to functional non-destructive testing, we obtained experimental results that shed light on the underlying mechanisms of deformation. The analysis reveals that significant shear processes occur well before the yield strength is reached, leading to the formation of microscopic bands and the accumulation of microplastic deformation. In the elastic region, light dislocation sliding with minimal deformation hardening is initiated. As the applied load increases, particularly at stress ratios of σ/σ_elastic ≥ 0.34, the potentiograms exhibit an increasing number of narrow shear bands oriented perpendicular to the load direction. This phenomenon is accompanied by changes in surface conditions and deformation activity, which relate to dynamic waviness and surface roughness. As the limit of elasticity is approached, competition intensifies between the processes of strengthening and softening, leading to the development of wide shear bands and large shapes on the potentiograms. The study provides insights into the mechanisms of dislocation sliding and the interplay of deformation processes, highlighting the critical transition from microplastic deformation to yielding in structural steel. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanical behavior of steel under tensile stress and the implications for its applications in structural engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100880"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}