{"title":"Bio responsive block: The performance of bio waste material with reduced environmental impact","authors":"Runda Aduldejcharas","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The key purpose of this research is to establish guidelines on how to manage Bio Waste Material. A field study was performed to examine the environmental problems caused by Bio Waste Material that is made up of Perna Viridis (PV) shells, the latter of which is a common type of mussel found in Bang Ja Kreng Community, Samut Songkhram Province. This area is a fishery location and experiences vast quantities of shell waste, which ultimately impacts community pollution. It is not possible to dispose of this waste in a traditional manner and there are no specific locations where the shells can be dumped. Consequently, most people secretly dispose of them in mangrove forests or along public roadsides. Thus, in order to facilitate future use, the researcher conducted an analytical investigation to examine material performance. The temperatures at which mussel shells were burned were 400, 800, and 1200 °C. An X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a device that examines X-ray diffraction through layers of atoms or molecules in materials or sample substances, was Utilised to Analyse their elements. Furthermore, this analytical investigation also included X-ray fluorescence (XRF) as a tool to examine the elemental compositions. It was discovered that burning altered the chemical structure at different temperatures. Portland cement contained the same components. It was revealed that CaO constituted as much as 80.14 % of the weight below 1200 °C. In general, CaO was discovered to constitute up to 64.73 % of the weight when comparing cement. It is a substance that is used to research cement reduction when manufacturing Bio-Responsive Blocks. In order to compare lower costs and larger profits, the compound was divided into different ratios. An ANSYS simulation was used to Analyse the material properties and create three models: one for a single concrete Block and another for an 80 × 80 cm wall. The experiments did not involve the use of columns or beams. Instead of using the wall as a load-bearing wall, the goal was to add value to the product processing of mussel shell waste and determine how it can be recycled and reused beneficially (i.e., to improve sustainability or create a pleasant community environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590048X24000633/pdfft?md5=5af0b120c0537325876b8de3ec14d680&pid=1-s2.0-S2590048X24000633-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141435123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"UV-heat dually curable epoxy resin composites with low filler contents and high curing speed","authors":"Zheqin Liu, Peng Li, Suibin Luo, Zheng Liu, Rong Sun, Shuhui Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epoxy resin composites are a type of polymer-based materials with wide application scopes. A mass of fillers was added to improve thermal properties which may degrades mechanical properties at the same time. In addition, the common heat-curing process takes several hours to completely cure. To improve the performance of epoxy resin composites of low-content fillers, we prepare UV-heat dually curable epoxy resin with silicate ester. The overall curing time of UV-heat curing process is about half of the traditional thermal-curing process. The breakdown voltage of epoxy resin modified by silicate ester is up to 181 MV/m, which is increased by 50 % compared to pure epoxy resin. The silicate ester curing agent can react with both epoxy resin and silica fillers and can thus improve the dispersion of the fillers in the matrix and enhance the interaction between fillers and the resin. As a result, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the composites was greatly reduced. The CTE of silicate ester-modified epoxy resin composites is 93 ppm/K and 137 ppm/K over the temperature range below and above its T<sub>g</sub>, respectively, which is 25 % lower than those of normal epoxy resin composites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100586"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590048X24000608/pdfft?md5=2f8aee3aa248c0493fa6e617a70434f0&pid=1-s2.0-S2590048X24000608-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141423998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Doris , L. Trujillo , E. Arrieta , L.E. Murr , P. Gradl , C.C. Katsarelis , V. Hafiychuk , K.R. Wheeler , R.B. Wicker , F. Medina
{"title":"Impact of machine parameters and wall thickness on microstructural characteristics and microhardness of laser powder bed fusion Inconel 718 parts following heat-treatment","authors":"A. Doris , L. Trujillo , E. Arrieta , L.E. Murr , P. Gradl , C.C. Katsarelis , V. Hafiychuk , K.R. Wheeler , R.B. Wicker , F. Medina","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates a series of geometric feature build plates manufactured by multiple laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) machine configurations, examining seven different wall thicknesses ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 mm. These build plates and thin wall specimens completed a full heat treatment cycle: stress relief (SR), HIP, solution, and aging per standards. The fully heat-treated (FHT) Inconel 718 wall specimens were sectioned from sixteen different geometric feature build plates built across fifteen different L-PBF machines. They were characterized by optical microscopy and EBSD image mapping. The microstructural evolution from the As-built sample, SR, HIP to FHT wall specimens from a single machine configuration was also obtained along with cooling rate simulations for 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, and 0.8 mm wall thicknesses. The difference in cooling rates between the thick and thin walls was simulated to provide an understanding of microstructural evolution and evaluate the computer simulation as a tool to predict microstructural features. For FHT wall specimens, results indicate mostly equiaxed grain structures containing annealing twins, ranging in size from ∼21 μm to 93 μm parallel and perpendicular to the build direction. For most of the samples, the grain size was shown to increase with the increasing wall thickness due to slower solidification rates. The double aging composing the fully heat-treated thin walls also fully age-hardened the grain structures with gamma double-prime precipitates. This precipitation produced a median Vickers (HV) hardness for nominal section thicknesses >0.6 mm of ∼ HV 472; consistent with commercially heat-treated and optimized Inconel 718 products. Feature sizes >0.6 mm were reproducible for all L-PBF machine configurations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100585"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590048X24000591/pdfft?md5=cb9b5c2c55c6b795f37c76c8e8f58a9e&pid=1-s2.0-S2590048X24000591-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141325049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chijioke P. Egole , Rasaq O. Medupin , Gaius C. Nzebuka , Nnamdi A. Nnodum , Ugochukwu P. Ochieze , Orevaoghene Eterigho-Ikelegbe , Uwemedimo N. Wilson , Kelvin O. Yoro
{"title":"Quartz and feldspar-blended clay composites for thermal and structural applications","authors":"Chijioke P. Egole , Rasaq O. Medupin , Gaius C. Nzebuka , Nnamdi A. Nnodum , Ugochukwu P. Ochieze , Orevaoghene Eterigho-Ikelegbe , Uwemedimo N. Wilson , Kelvin O. Yoro","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, some selected clay samples were beneficiated and blended with quartz and feldspar in various proportions to develop composites with good thermal and structural performance for sustainable development. X-ray fluorescence <strong>(</strong>XRF) analysis affirms the aluminosilicate nature of the clay samples and other trace oxides. The pore volume of the fired bulk composites disappears at 1200 °C leading to a decline in apparent density, apparent porosity, and water absorption. Furthermore, this study revealed that at the same temperature, the bulk density (1.69, g/cm<sup>3</sup>, 1.78, g/cm<sup>3</sup>, 1.78 g/cm<sup>3</sup>), modulus of rupture (33.2 kg/cm<sup>3</sup>, 39.34 kg/cm<sup>3</sup>, 38.88 kg/cm<sup>3</sup>), and total shrinkage (23.6 %, 22.3 %, 20.6 %) were maximum. Additionally, the results showed that the relative plasticity of the clay samples improved with the addition of feldspar and quartz from 1.27 to 1.33 and 1.35 for the fired composites (BO1: 50 % clay, 30 % feldspar, 20 % quartz, and CO1: 50 % clay, 25 % feldspar, 25 % quartz), respectively. Results obtained from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis confirmed the clay samples to be thermally stable. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of all the fired composites showed major peaks, with quartz content being the highest at 27.5° (2θ) angle, albite presenting the lowest non-clay mineral content. Based on the analyses conducted in this study, it could be inferred that the clay sample is suitable for thermal insulation and structural applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100584"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590048X2400058X/pdfft?md5=ba21a17a09047678efa80ba0bd0f12ea&pid=1-s2.0-S2590048X2400058X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141325048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of the unit-cell size and arrangement on the compressive behaviors of lattice structures in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing","authors":"Kwang-Min Park , Young-Sook Roh , Bong-Chun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lattice structures demonstrate a unique compressive behavior wherein the compressive strength increases and converges to a specific value as the number of unit-cell arrangements and overall dimensions of the lattice structure increase. In this study, the effects of the unit-cell size and cell arrangement on the compressive behavior of lattice structures were investigated to determine the convergence of compression characteristics at specific unit-cell configurations. Simple cubic lattice structures were designed and manufactured using powder bed fusion techniques. The lattice structures were characterized using universal testing machines. Experimental results revealed that the convergence of compressive strength was influenced by the size of the unit cell: the number of arrangements at which a specific compressive strength was reached increased as the unit-cell sizes decreased. Furthermore, specific convergence points were determined for different unit-cell sizes, providing valuable insights into the compressive strength behavior of lattice structures. This study emphasizes the significance of considering both unit-cell arrangements and overall dimensions when designing standard specimens for compression testing. Additionally, the methodology developed in this study can be applied to obtain an optimal configuration for desired strength characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100587"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590048X2400061X/pdfft?md5=ce8aa6aaca3f5be0e1697253f7bdc2c4&pid=1-s2.0-S2590048X2400061X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141302506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Mostafa Kamal, Soumin Mahmud, Iftekhar Ahmed Plabon, Md. Abdul Kader, Md. Nurul Islam
{"title":"Effects of sintering temperature on the physical, structural, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of extracted hydroxyapatite ceramics from Anabas testudineus bone and head scull for biomedical applications","authors":"Md. Mostafa Kamal, Soumin Mahmud, Iftekhar Ahmed Plabon, Md. Abdul Kader, Md. Nurul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this experimental investigation, Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is extracted from bone and head scull of <em>Anabas testudineus</em> by thermal calcination at 800 °C for 5 h under ambient air conditions. Ceramic samples were prepared through compaction and followed by sintering at 1200 °C, 1250 °C, and 1300 °C temperatures for 2 h from the calcined HAp powder. Both the calcined powder and sintered ceramic samples were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to explore the potentiality of the extracted ceramics for biomedical applications. Moreover, the elemental composition, phase structure, compressive strength, Vicker hardness, and antimicrobial characteristics of the ceramic samples have been investigated. The XRD analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite in both the calcined powder and ceramic samples. Various types of trace elements were observed in HAp ceramics including a noteworthy 1.57 atomic percent of magnesium (Mg). Additionally, the XRD spectrum indicated the existence of the β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase. Upon sintering at a temperature of 1250 °C, the ceramic sample underwent a phase shift to α-TCP. Our results show that the phase transition has a significant effect on the crystallinity of HAp. The ceramics sample sintered at 1300 °C exhibited the highest compressive strength and Vicker Hardness due to its high relative density, well-packed grains, and larger particle size. The sintered sample did not exhibit notable zone of inhibition against <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> bacteria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100590"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590048X24000645/pdfft?md5=9c8ccdfa23e0eec8082ee13506b15a88&pid=1-s2.0-S2590048X24000645-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141302505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aims and Scope","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2590-048X(24)00065-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2590-048X(24)00065-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590048X24000657/pdfft?md5=e35e046bfd8fe67ecf184f5eed38e63c&pid=1-s2.0-S2590048X24000657-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141325813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joerg Volpp , Yuji Sato , Masahiro Tsukamoto , Lewin Rathmann , Marius Möller , Samuel J. Clark , Kamel Fezzaa , Tim Radel , Kevin Klingbeil
{"title":"The surface tension of boiling steel surfaces","authors":"Joerg Volpp , Yuji Sato , Masahiro Tsukamoto , Lewin Rathmann , Marius Möller , Samuel J. Clark , Kamel Fezzaa , Tim Radel , Kevin Klingbeil","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Material properties of metals and metal alloys at high temperatures are often unknown, but necessary to understand physical mechanisms for prediction and improvement of high temperature processes, such as laser beam technologies. Surface tension is an elementary property that was measured in this study above the boiling temperature of steel using a laser-induced vapor channel in a steel substrate and the extraction of the vapor channel diameter from in-situ X-ray observations. The measurement principle is based on the pressure balance inside the keyhole, where the recoil pressure from keyhole wall vaporization works against the surface tension pressure from the surrounding melt pool. An increase in surface tension at increasing temperatures above the boiling point was measured against theoretical expectations. In order to create the keyhole shapes measured, the surface tension must increase to counterbalance the increasing recoil pressure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590048X24000578/pdfft?md5=fe867eb532c91303bb8feca4c3c56e47&pid=1-s2.0-S2590048X24000578-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141291686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rajesh Saha , Syed Abrer Nafis Uddin Ahmed , Saquib Jamil , Md. Rezaul Karim , Adib Bin Rashid
{"title":"Mechanical characterization of mulberry silk reinforced hybrid composite for enhanced application","authors":"Rajesh Saha , Syed Abrer Nafis Uddin Ahmed , Saquib Jamil , Md. Rezaul Karim , Adib Bin Rashid","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research explores the effectiveness of two hybrid composites, pattern-1 (K-M-G-K-M-G-G-M-K) and pattern-2 (K-M-G-K-M-G-K-M-G), in experimental and simulation tests to create a cost-efficient hybrid composite. The composite includes Mulberry (M) silk (<em>Bombyx mori</em>) fibers reinforcing an epoxy resin-matrix hybrid with Kevlar (K) and Glass fiber (G). Both pattern-1 and pattern-2 are evaluated through experimental tests, and simulation tests are conducted to validate the findings. ANSYS Workbench is used for simulation tests to determine the best stacking sequence for protective gears, aerospace components, automotive parts, sport equipment and marine applications. The structural morphology of the hybrid composites is examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that pattern-1 performs better than pattern-2 in various experimental and simulation tests, with a wider plastic zone in the tensile test stress-strain curve, greater tensile strength (73 MPa and 67.923 MPa), higher load-bearing capacity, and enhanced ductility. Pattern-1 also demonstrates improved performance in flexural strength (45.35 MPa and 71.474 MPa) and impact strength (6 J and 5.4898 J). Simulation results confirm that pattern-1 is superior to pattern-2 in terms of energy absorption and resistance to bullet penetration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100588"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590048X24000621/pdfft?md5=565c6f6b071c511fcb16319df9faa8fc&pid=1-s2.0-S2590048X24000621-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141291687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khaled Aljarrah , M-Ali H. Al-Akhras , Ghaseb N. Makhadmeh , Tariq AlZoubi , Abdulsalam Abuelsamen , Samer H. Zyoud , Ahmad M. AL-Diabat , Osama Abu Noqta , Azlan Abdulaziz , Orhan Donmez
{"title":"Boosting the in-vitro effectiveness of photodynamic therapy on MCF-7 breast cancer cells with encapsulated malachite green by silica nanoparticles","authors":"Khaled Aljarrah , M-Ali H. Al-Akhras , Ghaseb N. Makhadmeh , Tariq AlZoubi , Abdulsalam Abuelsamen , Samer H. Zyoud , Ahmad M. AL-Diabat , Osama Abu Noqta , Azlan Abdulaziz , Orhan Donmez","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2024.100582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment strategy utilizing photosensitizers (PS) and light to generate singlet oxygen, with Malachite Green (MG) showing high singlet oxygen quantum yield. Effective delivery of MG to the target tissue remains a key challenge. Encapsulation techniques have been investigated to improve PS delivery, minimize PS leakage, inhibit diaphorase-induced reduction, and mitigate PS-related toxicity. Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) offer favorable characteristics for drug delivery in PDT and serve as promising delivery carriers. In this study, SiNPs were synthesized and employed as carriers for MG. The size and shape of nanoparticles were determined using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). A range of concentrations of MG were applied to MCF-7 breast cancer cells in order to evaluate the cytotoxicity of both naked and encapsulated MG. This helped identify the most effective concentrations and exposure durations required to induce damage under red laser light (Intensity ∼110 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>). The results indicated that SiNPs-encapsulated MG exhibited superior efficacy compared to naked MG, with a concentration efficacy increase of +50 % and an exposure time efficacy increase of +45 %. This underlines the enhanced capability of encapsulated MG to eliminate MCF-7 cells when compared to naked MG. The application of synthesized SiNPs for MG delivery improved the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy by augmenting MG bioavailability in target cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590048X24000566/pdfft?md5=404e815a3e107d6b6157fd351d3bb99d&pid=1-s2.0-S2590048X24000566-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}