Results in Materials最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of electrical conductivity and percolation behavior in epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with hybrid expanded graphite/carbon nanotube/carbon black conductive fillers","authors":"Seyed Morteza Razavi","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.101043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.101043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing electrically conductive polymer composites with high conductivity, low filler loading, and cost-effectiveness is critical for applications including bipolar plates, electromagnetic interference shielding, and conductive coatings. This study systematically investigates the synergistic effects of hybrid carbon fillers on the electrical conductivity and percolation behavior of epoxy-based composites. Expanded graphite (EG), carbon black (CB), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated into an epoxy matrix in binary and ternary combinations at various weight percentages using combined mechanical mixing–sonication followed by thermal curing to minimize agglomeration and optimize filler dispersion. Electrical conductivity was determined via four-point probe measurements. The key novelty lies in systematically comparing binary and ternary EG/CB/CNT architectures to identify optimal filler combinations that achieve efficient conductive networks at relatively low total filler content. CNT-containing composites exhibited significantly higher conductivity than CB- or EG-dominated systems due to interconnected conductive pathways and enhanced electron transport. The complementary morphologies of carbon fillers proved synergistic: microscale EG sheets provided extended conductive channels, high-aspect-ratio CNTs bridged conductive regions while reducing inter-filler distances, and CB particles increased local contact density. The optimal ternary composite containing 2.5 wt% CNT, 2.5 wt% EG, and 5 wt% CB achieved the highest electrical conductivity of approximately 123.87 S/cm. These results demonstrate that strategically combining diverse carbon fillers promotes highly interconnected networks and enhances conductivity while reducing individual filler concentrations. The developed hybrid epoxy nanocomposites offer strong potential for advanced applications requiring lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and cost-effective electrically conductive materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148958352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of response surface methodology and artificial neural networks for optimizing machining responses in double tool turning operations","authors":"Berhanu Tolessa Amena,&nbsp;Sisay Eshete Bitew","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.101036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.101036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comparative evaluation of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approaches for predicting and optimizing machining responses during Double Tool Turning (DTT) of AISI 1043 medium carbon steel under dry machining conditions. The objective is to develop predictive models for surface roughness (Ra), material removal rate (MRR), and tool-tip temperature using experimental data obtained through a Box–Behnken Design (BBD). Experiments were conducted on a modified conventional lathe using four machining parameters: cutting speed, feed rate, primary depth of cut, and secondary depth of cut. RSM-based second-order polynomial models were developed and evaluated using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), while ANN models were developed using a feed-forward multilayer perceptron with one hidden layer of ten neurons trained using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The model performance was assessed using R², adjusted R², mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and comparison between experimental and predicted responses. The experimental results indicated that surface roughness, tool-tip temperature, and material removal rate varied from 0.82 to 2.05 μm, 42–90.2 °C, and 1.5–13.5 mm³/min, respectively. Feed rate was the dominant factor affecting surface roughness, while cutting speed significantly influenced MRR and thermal behavior. Both models successfully captured the nonlinear relationship between machining parameters and responses; however, ANN showed higher prediction accuracy with lower RMSE and MAE values and correlation coefficients above 0.97, whereas RSM provided superior interpretation of parameter effects and interactions. The results confirm that combining RSM and ANN offers an effective framework for machining response prediction and optimization, enabling improved surface quality, productivity, and thermal performance in Double Tool Turning operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148958550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly nanocellulose-reinforced corncob-derived CMC-PVA IPN hydrogel as a controlled drug delivery system for ciprofloxacin","authors":"Priya Urmaliya,&nbsp;Shailendra Yadav,&nbsp;Dheeraj Singh Chauhan,&nbsp;Shubham Pandey,&nbsp;M.A. Quraishi,&nbsp;Ashwini A. Waoo,&nbsp;Sushma Singh,&nbsp;Sweta Likhitkar","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.101030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.101030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The need for sustainable materials for controlled drug delivery led to the development of nanocellulose-reinforced, cross-linked corncob-derived carboxymethyl cellulose–polyvinyl alcohol interpenetrating polymer network (NC + CMC–PVA IPN) hydrogels, which were given codes NC1 to NC5. The hydrogel systems were synthesized through combined physical/chemical crosslinking, using glutaraldehyde and citric acid as crosslinking agents. Characterization techniques such as SEM and XRD were used to characterize hydrogels. Swelling behavior, drug loading and drug delivery capabilities of each hydrogels were also evaluated. The optimized NC-4 hydrogel was further evaluated by FT-IR spectroscopy, drug-release kinetic studies, and controlled drug delivery experiments. The optimized hydrogel NC4 was evaluated for swelling behavior by varying PVA concentration, corncob-derived CMC content, temperature, and crosslinking agents content. The swelling ratio increased with increasing polymer concentration because of enhanced hydrophilic interactions and improved pore formation within the hydrogel matrix. Ciprofloxacin was successfully incorporated into the hydrogel NC4 using the equilibrium swelling method. Among all formulations, the optimized NC-4 hydrogel containing 4.0 g PVA, 4.0 g corncob-derived CMC, 0.5 g nanocellulose, 3 mL glutaraldehyde, and 3% citric acid exhibited the best overall performance, achieving a maximum swelling ratio of 10.82, drug loading efficiency of 89.8 ± 3.5%, and cumulative ciprofloxacin release of 94.6 ± 0.6% after 240 min in phosphate buffered saline PBS (pH 7.4). In vitro drug release study of NC4 demonstrated its capability to controlled release of ciprofloxacin from the hydrogel matrix. Drug release kinetic analysis revealed that the Korsmeyer–Peppas model provided the best fit (R² = 0.996, n = 0.74), indicating anomalous (non-Fickian) diffusion as the dominant release mechanism. The developed NC 4 hydrogel exhibited excellent swelling characteristics, structural stability, and prolonged antibacterial drug release capability as well as demonstrating its potential for biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148854468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying polymer networks structures in S-SBR tyre tread compounds by Temperature Scanning Stress Relaxation (TSSR)","authors":"Dave Breen,&nbsp;Wisut Kaewsakul,&nbsp;Raymond Zeeman,&nbsp;Anke Blume","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.101037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.101037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer networks in rubber vulcanisates are commonly characterised by crosslink density and crosslink structure. These crosslink characteristics greatly influence the properties of vulcanised rubber compounds. Therefore, their reliable characterisations are essential. However, well-established methods such as equilibrium swelling, thiol-amine method, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and Mooney-Rivlin have some shortcomings, including being time-consuming, expensive and toxic due to the use of harmful chemicals. This study investigated whether Temperature Scanning Stress Relaxation (TSSR), a safe, cost-effective and time-saving method, can be used to determine polymer network density and to distinguish different types of sulphidic crosslinks in vulcanisates by analysing their non-isothermal stress relaxation behaviour. Carbon black- and silica-filled styrene-butadiene rubber compounds were prepared with different types and amounts of fillers, as well as different types of accelerators and silane coupling agents. The crosslink characteristics of these compounds were analysed using TSSR and equilibrium swelling in combination with thiol-amine treatment. Based on the correlation analyses between the data from TSSR-measurements and the conventional crosslink characterisations, results reveal that the total crosslink density can be determined using the peak area of the relaxation spectrum <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> in the temperature range of <span><math><mrow><mn>100</mn><mo>°C</mo><mo>≤</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>220</mn><mo>°C</mo></mrow></math></span>. This implies that the breakage of sulphur crosslinks is the main mechanism contributing to stress relaxation in this temperature range. By analysing the spectrum peak area at different temperature regions, it is possible to distinguish between crosslink structures. The results illustrate that polysulphidic, disulphidic and monosulphidic crosslink densities correspond to the peak areas at temperature ranges of <span><math><mrow><mn>100</mn><mo>°C</mo><mo>≤</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>185</mn><mo>°C</mo></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mn>185</mn><mo>°C</mo><mo>≤</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>200</mn><mo>°C</mo></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>200</mn><mo>°C</mo><mo>≤</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>220</mn><mo>°C</mo></mrow></math></span>, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148958353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Industrially relevant early-age carbonation curing of high-calcium fly ash blended mortars: CO2 uptake, strength development, and dimensional stability","authors":"Suk-Pyo Kang,&nbsp;Kyu-Eun Park,&nbsp;Md Mahmudullah,&nbsp;Byoung-Ky Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.101032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.101032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early-age carbonation curing has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing the performance of cement-based materials while utilizing CO₂, particularly when incorporating supplementary cementitious materials for carbon reduction. However, in high-calcium fly ash (HFA) systems, increasing replacement levels may induce volumetric instability and strength reduction; therefore, performance under curing conditions relevant to precast production requires further investigation. To address this gap, this study experimentally evaluated early-age carbonation curing under curing conditions relevant to precast production schedules. Mortar mixtures incorporating 10-30% HFA were subjected to 12 h of pre-curing, followed by carbonation curing in a 20% CO₂ atmosphere for 8 h and 24 h. Specimens were analyzed in terms of carbonation depth, CO₂ uptake (TG-DTG), compressive strength (up to 56 days), length change (up to 180 days), and pore structure characteristics. The results indicated that prolonged carbonation curing (24 h) increased both CO₂ uptake and carbonation depth and was associated with microstructural refinement. Under the investigated conditions, mixtures containing up to 20% HFA exhibited compressive strength comparable to ordinary Portland cement (Plain), while reduced long-term length change was observed relative to standard curing. In contrast, at a 30% replacement level, the improvements in strength recovery and length change mitigation were more limited. Overall, the results suggest that HFA replacement levels of the mixture containing 20% HFA with 24 h carbonation curing provided the most favorable balance among the investigated performance indicators within the scope of this study. The findings provide experimental data relevant to the evaluation of HFA-blended cementitious systems under early carbonation curing while contributing to the understanding of CO₂ utilization strategies in HFA-blended cementitious systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148854469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clay Malo Bojonegoro: Characterization, phase evolution, and suitability for ceramic and solid bricks","authors":"Tatang Padmawidjaja,&nbsp;David Candra Birawidha,&nbsp;Arifin Siagian,&nbsp;Made Asri Puspadewi,&nbsp;Komang Nelly Sundari,&nbsp;Ni Putu Muliawati,&nbsp;I Gusti Agung Sucipta Senajaya,&nbsp;Eko Widi Santoso,&nbsp;Bambang Yunianto,&nbsp;Tarsono,&nbsp;Mustafa Hanafi,&nbsp;Zulfahmi Zulfahmi,&nbsp;Wa Ode Sumartini","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.101024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.101024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malo clay from Bojonegoro, East Java, Indonesia, was characterized to evaluate its potential for ceramic pottery and solid brick production. Although derived from a pedogenetic topsoil (1–1.5 m depth), the material is traditionally used by local artisans; this study provides a scientific evaluation of this specific local resource. Raw clay specimens were fired at 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C, then analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and standardized physical tests. The raw clay exhibits high plasticity (plasticity index = 38.60%) and a fine particle-size distribution (96.15% &lt; 63 μm). Flexural strength increases with firing temperature, reaching 20.42 MPa at 1100°C, while water absorption decreases from 15.21% at 800°C to 1.26% at 1100°C, and apparent porosity drops from 33.38% to 2.28%. XRD analysis shows the formation of akermanite (Ca₂MgSi₂O₇) and anorthite (CaAl₂Si₂O₈) at 1000–1100°C, which correlates with densification. SEM-EDS confirms a homogeneous Si–Al matrix with localized Ca–Mg enrichments. The clay meets the requirements of SNI 15-1147-1989 for hard fine earthenware at 1000°C, and a mixture of 90 wt% clay and 10 wt% sand, fired at 900°C, satisfies SNI 15-2094-2000 for solid red bricks (compressive strength 22.37 MPa, water absorption 9.27%). These results indicate that Malo clay is a promising local raw material for both pottery and structural brick applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148958549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Auxetic metamaterials for next-generation airless tires: A comprehensive review on the design, simulation, and optimization strategies’ [Results Mater. 3k1 (2026) 101029]","authors":"Ariel P. Conversion,&nbsp;Aristotle T. Ubando","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.101039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.101039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149003805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of pore structure characteristics on the mechanical response of cementitious materials to high water pressure","authors":"Bounvatsana Kounnavong,&nbsp;Mitsuyasu Iwanami","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.101035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.101035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep-sea infrastructure requires cementitious materials capable of withstanding high hydrostatic pressure. However, the mechanisms governing pressure-induced damage, particularly the role of pore structure characteristics, remain insufficiently understood. This study investigated the response of OPC-based and geopolymer-based mortars exposed to 45 MPa water pressure for 22 h. Mechanical properties, water absorption characteristics, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and microstructural observations were used to evaluate pressure-induced changes. Among the OPC-based mortars, OPC, FA20 (20% fly ash replacement), and S60 (60% slag replacement) exhibited only minor changes after pressure exposure, with compressive strength variations within ±3%. In contrast, the air-entrained mixture showed approximately 19% increases in both absorption capacity and accessible porosity, accompanied by modest mechanical degradation. The geopolymer systems exhibited markedly different behavior despite comparable initial compressive strengths. GP1 (fly ash–slag) developed visible cracking and experienced reductions of 23.4% and 17.8% in compressive strength and modulus of elasticity, respectively, whereas GP2 (fly ash) remained mechanically stable. MIP revealed substantial pore structure differences. GP1 exhibited a finer pore structure (∼7 nm dominant pore size), while cross-sectional observations revealed numerous entrapped air voids uncaptured by MIP. The results indicate that conventional parameters such as compressive strength, absorption capacity, and accessible porosity alone were insufficient to explain the observed pressure response. Building on these observations, a conceptual pressure-equalization mechanism is proposed: materials facilitating pressure transmission throughout an interconnected pore network accommodate prolonged hydrostatic loading, whereas hindered pressure equalization—caused by fine pore structures and isolated internal voids—leads to localized stress concentrations and mechanical deterioration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148958321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inverse design of optimal modulation period in multilayer thin films using dimensionless modeling and finite element nanoindentation","authors":"Nadia Chakroun,&nbsp;Hedi Belhadjsalah","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.101042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.101042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multilayer thin films are widely used in advanced engineering applications owing to their superior mechanical performance. Among the governing parameters of these systems, the modulation period plays a key role in controlling the effective stiffness. However, determining the optimal modulation period remains a significant challenge.</div><div>In this work, an inverse design framework is proposed to identify the modulation period that maximizes the effective elastic stiffness of multilayer thin films composed of two alternating elastic sublayers deposited on a substrate. The proposed approach combines finite element nanoindentation simulations and dimensional analysis based on the Buckingham Π theorem.</div><div>Parametric finite element simulations are performed for modulation periods ranging from 5 to 60 nm. The resulting nanoindentation responses are used to construct continuous dimensionless relationships describing the mechanical behavior of the multilayer system. Regression analysis yields explicit predictive expressions with excellent accuracy (<strong>R²≈1</strong>).</div><div>An efficient inverse analysis algorithm is subsequently developed to directly predict the modulation period corresponding to the maximum effective stiffness. The results reveal the existence of an optimal modulation scale governed by the elastic mismatch between layers and interface effects.</div><div>The proposed methodology provides a reliable and computationally efficient approach for the design and optimization of multilayer coatings and offers strong potential for the development of advanced nanostructured materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148958517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auxetic metamaterials for next-generation airless tires: A comprehensive review on the design, simulation, and optimization strategies","authors":"Ariel P. Conversion,&nbsp;Aristotle T. Ubando","doi":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.101029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinma.2026.101029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Auxetic metamaterials have garnered significant interest due to their unique mechanical behavior. These unique properties make their potential increasingly recognized for next-generation airless tire technology. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of auxetic metamaterial structures, from re-entrant honeycombs and chiral lattices to rotating units, triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS), and origami-based designs. Their deformation mechanisms were correlated to tire mechanical performance metrics. Key computational approaches, such as finite element analysis, machine learning techniques, and multi-objective optimization, that were used in existing studies are examined. The emerging AI-driven inverse design and surrogate modeling techniques described in the existing studies were also presented, which contributed to the rapid design of airless tires. A framework for the airless tire mechanical performance and the influencing variables is also presented based on the gathered data from literature to show how the auxetic behavior of the metamaterial and its base material properties affect the mechanical performance. The review further explores auxetic-enabled solutions to pressing tire engineering challenges while identifying persistent research gaps in fatigue life prediction, environmental adaptability, and large-scale production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101087,"journal":{"name":"Results in Materials","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148958513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}