Quaternary Environments and Humans最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Resource dependency and communication networks in Early Neolithic western Europe 新石器时代早期西欧的资源依赖和通讯网络
Quaternary Environments and Humans Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100014
Michael Kempf , Solène Denis
{"title":"Resource dependency and communication networks in Early Neolithic western Europe","authors":"Michael Kempf ,&nbsp;Solène Denis","doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During the European Neolithisation Process, a pivotal facet of Neolithic population dynamics lay in the capability of agro-pastoral communities to procure high-quality raw material for stone tools. Whether this material was sourced from local geological units or got transported via large-scale communication networks is, however, not yet fully understood. To trace the distribution patterns of Early Neolithic resource dispersal, we present a multicomponent network analysis and the first resource dependency model of Middle Eocene lithic records across western Europe. The model builds on topographic landscape permeability and Bartonian silicite dispersal and estimates the Chaine Operatoire (CO) sequences from i) directly sourced raw material based on accumulative cost functions; ii) chronologically differentiated network models; iii) a probability model of potential site distributions based on a point process model (PPM). We resume that early Neolithic site locations were particularly targeted at connecting to the supraregional resource exchange network that originated from the Paris Basin. Local resource exploitation predominated in the core region of Bartonian silicite distribution whereas distant sites were located on or close to high-probability communication and network corridors. Particularly striking is the differentiation highlighted by the CO segmentation towards the end of the Early Neolithic with distinct patterns of clustered production, intermediate, and dispersed consumer sites. This indicates that major production centres can be expected in close distance to the resource with high consumer density in secondary centres in a star-shaped pattern across the study area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101053,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Environments and Humans","volume":"2 5","pages":"Article 100014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950236524000124/pdfft?md5=7587e5065ce4b07b1fca9afb5cb8256a&pid=1-s2.0-S2950236524000124-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141478935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ecology of large ungulates in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula during the Upper Palaeolithic through stable isotopes and tooth wear analysis 通过稳定同位素和牙齿磨损分析伊比利亚半岛东北部上旧石器时代大型蹄类动物的生态学特征
Quaternary Environments and Humans Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100011
Dorothée G. Drucker , Florent Rivals , Jordi Nadal , Isaac Rufí , Joaquim Soler , Narcís Soler , Julià Maroto
{"title":"Ecology of large ungulates in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula during the Upper Palaeolithic through stable isotopes and tooth wear analysis","authors":"Dorothée G. Drucker ,&nbsp;Florent Rivals ,&nbsp;Jordi Nadal ,&nbsp;Isaac Rufí ,&nbsp;Joaquim Soler ,&nbsp;Narcís Soler ,&nbsp;Julià Maroto","doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The northeastern Iberian Peninsula acted as a refuge zone during the Late Pleistocene where the persistence of terrestrial ecosystems could provide hunter-gatherers with large prey, mainly horse (<em>Equus ferus</em>) and red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em>). Isotopic (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C, <em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O, <em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N) and dental wear (mesowear and microwear) analyses have been applied on the remains of both species from the archaeological sites of Arbreda and Bora Gran at Serinyà (Girona), where evidence of human occupation from the Mousterian to the Magdalenian has been attested. The incremental enamel analysis on horse teeth revealed seasonal variation in carbonate <em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O but no detectable change in carbonate <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C values, reflecting a rather stable diet and habitat over the year. Nevertheless, higher inter-individual than intra-individual contrast in carbonate <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C indicate different environmental conditions from one individual to another for each stratigraphic unit. In red deer teeth, seasonal signals in enamel carbonate <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C and <em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O demonstrated mirrored trends. Further, red deer show higher <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C values than those of horses, both in enamel carbonate and bone collagen, as well as higher variability in mesowear and microwear scores, reflecting a mixed-feeding habit. Despite a strong grazing signal in mesowear and microwear, the lower <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C values for horses suggest a higher dependence on relatively more humid habitats than red deer, which likely foraged in dryer environments with xeric plants during winter. These differences in ecological partitioning are particularly well illustrated in distinct collagen <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C and <em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N values during the harsh climatic conditions of the Final Gravettian coeval to the GS-3 or Last Glacial Maximum. The capacity of red deer to adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions contrasts with the niche persistence of horse allowed by the availability of mosaic habitat.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101053,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Environments and Humans","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950236524000094/pdfft?md5=e2cecdd9fcdab8beb0db994b1b078943&pid=1-s2.0-S2950236524000094-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141325223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does size matter? Morphological and content analysis of the coprolites from a Quaternary deposit in the Iberian Peninsula 大小重要吗?对伊比利亚半岛第四纪沉积物中的共生石进行形态和内容分析
Quaternary Environments and Humans Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100009
Irene Cambronero, Nuria García
{"title":"Does size matter? Morphological and content analysis of the coprolites from a Quaternary deposit in the Iberian Peninsula","authors":"Irene Cambronero,&nbsp;Nuria García","doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coprolites are very abundant in Quaternary deposits. However, they are often overlooked despite offering insights into both the surrounding environment and the species that produced them, particularly when skeletal remains are absent. We selected a Quaternary cave deposit from the Iberian Peninsula, Juan Labranz Cave, where an abundant and diverse coprolite collection was recovered, in order to develop a non-destructive study method that allows an accurate interpretation of the producer. Morphometric analyses of these specimens reveal two distinctive morphotypes associated with the two main carnivore occupations in the cave, hyaenas and bears. Morphotype I resembles hyaena coprolites in shape, texture, and bone inclusions, suggesting spotted hyaena as the most likely producer based on size. On the other hand, morphotype II deviates significantly, with a wrinkled texture and larger size, resembling bear faeces when eating carrion. Differences in bone fragment size and the presence of hair moulds further support these attributions. In conclusion, this study underlines the importance of considering taphonomy, morphology, size, and content in identifying coprolite producers, also high- lighting the relevance of these ichnofossils as indirect evidence of species and for the understanding of their ecological roles in Quaternary environments, where humans and other predators coexist.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101053,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Environments and Humans","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950236524000070/pdfft?md5=e1b129ad3b232c7388067196fe47f1a5&pid=1-s2.0-S2950236524000070-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141041881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evolution and controlling factors of natural levees during the past 4500 years derived from lowland archaeological ruins in central Kanto Plain, Japan 从日本关东平原中部低地考古遗址得出的过去 4500 年间天然堤坝的演变和控制因素
Quaternary Environments and Humans Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100012
Susumu Tanabe
{"title":"Evolution and controlling factors of natural levees during the past 4500 years derived from lowland archaeological ruins in central Kanto Plain, Japan","authors":"Susumu Tanabe","doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lowland archaeological ruins are frequently used in conjunction with sediment cores to reconstruct geomorphological evolution on alluvial plains. Lowland ruins are, as a rule, heterogeneously distributed across alluvial plains and retain short chronological records when compared to sediment cores. Along the historic banks of the Tone River, in the central Kanto Plain, thorough surveying prior to major construction projects in the Tokyo metropolitan area uncovered a dense swath of lowland archaeological ruins. This study demonstrates the evolution of natural levees during the past 4.5 kyr by compiling data from uniformly distributed lowland archaeological ruins in the central Kanto Plain. The location and age of 774 lowland archaeological ruins and 101 radiocarbon dates from surficial fluvial sediments in 42 sediment cores were compiled and arranged chronologically. As a result, levees and river terraces aged &lt; 4.5 ka were found to be contiguous with modern sedimentology in the Arakawa Lowland, while relatively young natural levees aged &lt; 2.8 ka are contiguous with the present Nakagwa Lowland. The Tone River migrated from the Arakawa Lowland to the Nakagawa Lowland at ∼5 ka. Subsequently, sea levels lowered between 4 ka and 3 ka. Due to sea level lowering, a minor tributary of the Tone River partially eroded the alluvial plain, and relatively old geomorphology persisted in the Arakawa Lowland. In contrast, in the Nakagawa Lowland, the major tributary of the Tone River eroded the entire alluvial plain. Following sea-level rises up to 2 ka, natural levees aggraded and formed new surface sediments in the Nakagawa Lowland due to large sediment discharge from the major tributary of the Tone River. Natural levee evolution in the central Kanto Plain is influenced by both river migration and sea-level fluctuation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101053,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Environments and Humans","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950236524000100/pdfft?md5=1a6e1c0ef43f46cf67c89bdc181848b0&pid=1-s2.0-S2950236524000100-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141290034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fossil Bovidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) from southern Africa: Biochronology and palaeoenvironments 非洲南部的牛科化石(哺乳纲:有齿兽门):生物时间学和古环境
Quaternary Environments and Humans Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100010
Raphaël Hanon , Christine Steininger
{"title":"Fossil Bovidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) from southern Africa: Biochronology and palaeoenvironments","authors":"Raphaël Hanon ,&nbsp;Christine Steininger","doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bovids are usually the most common large mammal family encountered in archaeological accumulations from African sites. However, despite their dominant status in bone assemblages, there are proportionally very few taxonomic studies of the southern African material. Here, we provide the first updated overview of the Southern African Bovidae fossil record from the Miocene to the Holocene. We used the bovid faunal list from 95 deposits comprising 65 species to provide an updated biochronology based on bovid assemblages. We define six bovid units (“Standard Bovid Units”) that will help to estimate the geological age of future deposits. Interestingly, the refined biochronology based on bovid assemblages does not fundamentally change from previous large mammal biochronological systems provided for the Cenozoic of Southern Africa. This strengthens the fact that bovids are a powerful proxy for biochronology that are still relevant today and incredibly stable over time. Unsurprisingly, the palaeoecological analysis based on bovid assemblages confirms the global aridification of the African continent throughout the Quaternary. Moreover, we identified an important gap in the fossil record between 5.1 and 2.6 Ma, highlighting a need to pursue effort on fieldwork and to provide detailed taxonomic analysis of bovid bone assemblages systematically.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101053,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Environments and Humans","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950236524000082/pdfft?md5=aa1ce7d866cef3de81d9e1a9f73eaa4a&pid=1-s2.0-S2950236524000082-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140914264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How and why is Homo sapiens so successful? 智人为何如此成功?
Quaternary Environments and Humans Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100006
Robin Dennell, Linda Hurcombe
{"title":"How and why is Homo sapiens so successful?","authors":"Robin Dennell,&nbsp;Linda Hurcombe","doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>By 30,000 years ago, <em>Homo sapiens</em> was the only type of hominin and had colonised most environments in the Old World. We argue that this success resulted from its ability to increase its population because more <em>H. sapiens</em> women than their contemporaries were able to have three or more children that survived into adulthood. This increased reproductive rate was accompanied by the development of a rounder brain and a longer childhood. A rounder brain and the accompanying re-organisation of the cerebellum and parietal areas increased our cognitive powers, and when combined with a longer childhood, allowed children to develop their imagination, ingenuity and inventiveness, all of which paid dividends when they became adults – in for example, being able to colonize new habitats or caring for infants and young mothers. Dietary factors may also have been important in ensuring that pregnant females and young children had an adequate diet, especially for women during their first and third trimester. In order to understand better our evolutionary success, we suggest a shift of focus from adult – and often largely male – activities such as big-game hunting towards the diet of infants and young mothers and the development rate of their children.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101053,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Environments and Humans","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950236524000045/pdfft?md5=0b2d5c0ae1936ff0c1e0b76909edb3f0&pid=1-s2.0-S2950236524000045-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140135099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A review of Mid-Holocene hunter-gatherer occupation in the eastern Pampa-Patagonia transition of Argentina: Assessing cultural continuities and population dynamics 全新世中期阿根廷潘帕--巴塔哥尼亚过渡地区狩猎-采集者活动回顾:评估文化连续性和人口动态
Quaternary Environments and Humans Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100007
Gustavo Martínez , Lewis A. Owen , Gustavo Flensborg , Luciana Stoessel , Natalia Carden , Ana Paula Alcaráz , Florencia Santos Valero , Gustavo Adolfo Martínez
{"title":"A review of Mid-Holocene hunter-gatherer occupation in the eastern Pampa-Patagonia transition of Argentina: Assessing cultural continuities and population dynamics","authors":"Gustavo Martínez ,&nbsp;Lewis A. Owen ,&nbsp;Gustavo Flensborg ,&nbsp;Luciana Stoessel ,&nbsp;Natalia Carden ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Alcaráz ,&nbsp;Florencia Santos Valero ,&nbsp;Gustavo Adolfo Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diverse causes and explanations have been proposed to help explain the absence, scarcity, and discontinuity of Mid-Holocene archaeological records in Central Argentina. Evidence for Mid-Holocene (∼6300–4100 <sup>14</sup>C yr BP/7.4–4.8 ka) hunter-gatherers occupations have been recognized in the eastern Pampa-Patagonia transition of Argentina. Here, we review and summarize the state-of-the-art archaeological knowledge that we have generated from Mid-Holocene archaeological sites from our study area. In doing so, we describe and discuss the geoarchaeological issues and the geomorphic evidence, radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating, lithics and raw materials provenience, zooarchaeology and taphonomy, subsistence and diet, bioarchaeology, and portable art. Our main objective is to address whether the already proposed Mid-Holocene sedimentary and chronologic discontinuities produced by geologic and taphonomic biases also respond to cultural discontinuities, e.g., abandonments, decreasing human density, and changes in mobility. Material culture and the structure of the archaeological record suggest that social and behavioral characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies are similar during the Mid-Holocene and the initial Late Holocene (∼6300–1000 <sup>14</sup>C yr BP/7.4–1.0 ka). Archaeological evidence from these periods indicates effective and stable human occupation with social interaction networks operating with neighboring regions such as the Pampa and Patagonia. Even though sedimentary and chronologic discontinuities exist, cultural continuity is likely. This review contributes to the understanding of Mid-Holocene discontinuities in Central Argentina.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101053,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Environments and Humans","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950236524000057/pdfft?md5=a4d6cca04cb71c9d145bc5e3aaa2d738&pid=1-s2.0-S2950236524000057-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140134384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The latest steps of human evolution: What the hard evidence has to say about it? 人类进化的最新进展:确凿证据说明了什么?
Quaternary Environments and Humans Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100005
Walter Neves , Maria Helena Senger , Gabriel Rocha , Leticia Valota , Mark Hubbe
{"title":"The latest steps of human evolution: What the hard evidence has to say about it?","authors":"Walter Neves ,&nbsp;Maria Helena Senger ,&nbsp;Gabriel Rocha ,&nbsp;Leticia Valota ,&nbsp;Mark Hubbe","doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The latest periods of human evolution are a heated topic of debate and have been at the center of paleoanthropological discussions since the beginning of the field. In the last twenty years, new excavations increased the geographic range of paleoanthropological data, new fossil hominins of the last third of the Pleistocene were found, and old key fossils were redated by modern and more accurate methods. The new picture emerging from this research changed the discussion about the neandertal-<em>sapiens</em> interaction, the finding of their common ancestor, and the understanding of how our lineage evolved. To integrate these new discoveries and to better contextualize how they fit in the hominin framework of the Chibanian, we compared the cranial morphology of 86 well-preserved fossils from Europe, Africa, and Asia of the last 500 thousand years. 25 linear measurements were used to describe the cranial morphology of the fossils, and their biological affinities were explored though multivariate discriminant function analyses. These analyses allow us to assess affinities and possible phylogenetic relationships of Archaic <em>Homo</em> species, including the expressive morphological variability of the specimens included under the umbrella-term “<em>Homo heidelbergensis”</em> from Africa, Asia, and Europe. Our results support that cannot be accommodated in one same species. Additionally, we contribute to the disputable discussion about the origin of <em>H. sapiens</em>, adding support to an African origin for our species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101053,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Environments and Humans","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950236524000033/pdfft?md5=a54c8aac3df50647e0472daf8cd97c8e&pid=1-s2.0-S2950236524000033-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139738249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Human membership in the large carnivore guild: Was it always “tooth and claw”? 大型食肉动物协会中的人类成员:它总是 "张牙舞爪 "吗?
Quaternary Environments and Humans Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100004
John D. Speth
{"title":"Human membership in the large carnivore guild: Was it always “tooth and claw”?","authors":"John D. Speth","doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conventional wisdom holds that when humans began acquiring meat on a regular basis, whether by hunting or by scavenging, they became part of the large carnivore guild and, as a consequence, faced greatly increased levels of potentially life-threatening competition with other predators. This paper offers an alternative view based on fundamental nutritional and metabolic differences between humans, who are descended from primates of largely vegetarian heritage, and hypercarnivores, who are specialized flesh-eaters with a much greater tolerance for protein. Because of these differences, the prey choices and body-part selections made by humans and carnivores, while overlapping, are not isomorphic, with the former prioritizing fatty tissues, the latter prioritizing lean muscle. Competition and confrontation are further minimized by the fact that humans forage during the day, while most predators hunt at night. These and other lines of evidence, including numerous examples from early ethnohistoric accounts, suggest that mutual tolerance rather than deadly confrontation may often have been the most prudent and profitable course of action for all concerned.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101053,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Environments and Humans","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950236524000021/pdfft?md5=1f238a2f3ffa8766763c3d0e832ed338&pid=1-s2.0-S2950236524000021-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139639016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
No time to waste. Evidence for communal waste management among hunter-gatherer-fishers at Riņņukalns, Latvia (5400-3200 BC) 没有时间可以浪费。拉脱维亚 Riņukalns 地区狩猎-采集-捕鱼者的公共废物管理证据(公元前 5400-3200 年)
Quaternary Environments and Humans Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100003
J.P. Kleijne , V. Bērziņš , D.J. Huisman , M. Kalniņš , B. Krause-Kyora , J. Meadows , B.J.H. van Os , U. Schmölcke , F. Steinhagen , H. Lübke
{"title":"No time to waste. Evidence for communal waste management among hunter-gatherer-fishers at Riņņukalns, Latvia (5400-3200 BC)","authors":"J.P. Kleijne ,&nbsp;V. Bērziņš ,&nbsp;D.J. Huisman ,&nbsp;M. Kalniņš ,&nbsp;B. Krause-Kyora ,&nbsp;J. Meadows ,&nbsp;B.J.H. van Os ,&nbsp;U. Schmölcke ,&nbsp;F. Steinhagen ,&nbsp;H. Lübke","doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study discusses waste management by mid-Holocene hunter-gatherer-fisher communities at Riņņukalns, on the Salaca river in Latvia. It combines microscopic analyses with geochemistry and radiocarbon dating. We observe natural landscape changes and human responses, with Mesolithic and earlier Middle Neolithic occupation on the backswamp. During the later Middle Neolithic, we see a pattern of selective deposition of waste categories (food waste, combustion waste, and excrements) as part of collective waste management practices, which led to the formation of a shell midden. Analysis of these waste layers provides an alternative perspective on subsistence practices and craft activities. A dump of ochre production waste illustrates the burning of iron-rich sediments to obtain this pigment. These later Middle Neolithic hunter-gatherer-fisher communities had a collective approach to waste and waste management. The shell midden, which was also used for funerary rituals, can be regarded as a persistent and significant place in the landscape of these, perhaps not so mobile, communities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101053,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Environments and Humans","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S295023652400001X/pdfft?md5=17fe7c3b030d115df9fcaeb6412371f7&pid=1-s2.0-S295023652400001X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139493903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信