Quaternary Environments and Humans最新文献

{"title":"From open landscapes to forest refugia: Human encroachment and climate change as drivers of red deer (Cervus elaphus) niche shifts over 21,000 years","authors":"Maciej Sykut ,&nbsp;Jens-Christian Svenning ,&nbsp;Alejandro Gloria Ordonez ,&nbsp;Matthew Roy Kerr ,&nbsp;Felix Riede","doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2025.100083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qeh.2025.100083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em>) is one of the few remnant species of the European Pleistocene megafauna. It occupies a wide range of habitats across the Holarctic, yet the factors shaping the species’ realized ecological niche over time remain poorly understood. To investigate these dynamics, we analysed published stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data from 623 bone collagen samples spanning 21,000 years in Europe. The <em>δ</em>¹³C values, considered as a proxy for feeding habitat, demonstrate that red deer foraged in open landscapes during the Late Pleistocene, whereas in the Holocene they primarily inhabited forested environments. Although <em>δ</em>¹⁵N was expected to reflect dietary changes associated with this habitat shift, our analysis reveals that its variability was more strongly associated with climatic fluctuations. Notably, the species’ isotopic niche expanded from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene but has since contracted toward the present. To assess the factors shaping these niche dynamics, we modelled the influence of mean annual temperature, precipitation, human population density, and elevation. Our results demonstrate that temperature, precipitation, and human activity best explain isotopic variability. Yet, while environmental changes conditioned niche dynamics in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene, the marked human demographic expansion of the Middle Holocene led to anthropogenic pressures becoming the dominant driver. Against this backdrop, we propose potential future scenarios for this species, considering its ecological plasticity, human encroachment, and the implications of ongoing environmental change for conservation and rewilding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101053,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Environments and Humans","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145009549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No collapse in sight: enclosures, the mortuary arena and the Big Other in the Trypillia world","authors":"Bisserka Gaydarska ,&nbsp;John Chapman","doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2025.100063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qeh.2025.100063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is well known that the Cucuteni-Trypillia (CT) group constitutes an exception to the late 5th – early 4th millennium cal BCE trend of settlement dispersion through its continuation of Neolithic lifeways (settlement nucleation and exuberant material culture) for far longer than most other Balkan and Carpathian groups. This alone makes it hard to fit CT into a grand narrative of 5th millennium cal BCE collapse or even transformation and impossible to link such persistence to palaeo-environmental changes. But, at the same time, no general story of changes can omit the CT group and their deviant trajectories. In this paper, we propose that the CT Big Other was a vital source of continuity and cultural heritage, helping CT to continue for almost two millennia and distributed over 250,000 km². The widespread acceptance of the CT Big Other minimized schismogenesis – the greatest danger to climax Copper Age communities. Our approach is to seek to integrate the internal development of significant planning practices, which reached their apogee in the Trypillia megasites (TMS), with the changing interactions between forest-steppe communities and those living further East and South in the steppe zone. The two advances in archaeological science that allowed the development of these ideas face opposite directions: while new techniques of geophysical investigation focussed on the local, the advances of aDNA forces archaeologists to consider regional and inter-regional aspects of mobility if not migration. The combination of a weakening of Trypillia cohesive community planning and the availability in the form of steppe barrow burial of an attractive alternative to the CT Big Other led to the eventual disappearance of Trypillia lifeways in the early centuries of the 3rd millennium cal BCE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101053,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Environments and Humans","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections of Late Neolithic–Early Bronze Age environments, land use and pile dwelling activities in a new palynological record from the varved sediments of Lake Mondsee, Austria","authors":"Anna Schubert ,&nbsp;Stefan Lauterbach ,&nbsp;Christian Leipe ,&nbsp;Franziska Kobe ,&nbsp;Achim Brauer ,&nbsp;Pavel E. Tarasov","doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2025.100076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qeh.2025.100076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite fundamental progress in geoarchaeological research in the Austrian Salzkammergut region, there are still many unanswered questions regarding human activity and its relationship to climate change and the diverse environments during prehistoric times. A new palynological record from the varved composite sediment core MO-05 from the south-eastern part of Lake Mondsee (47°49′N, 13°24′E, 481 m above sea level) provides palaeoecological evidence of a long-term, although possibly discontinuous, Late Neolithic/Copper Age habitation around the study site between ca. 6000 and 4000 cal BP. Agricultural activity during this interval focused on animal husbandry, which had only a minor impact on the natural forest vegetation. A particularly low level of local human activity is indicated at the end of the Late Neolithic between 4200 and 4000 cal BP while palynological indicators of deforestation and agriculture show a re-increase in human activity during the Early to early Middle Bronze Age (ca. 3950–3460 cal BP). Without clear evidence of human activity in the vicinity of the coring site, the increasing agricultural activities were most likely restricted to areas more distant from Lake Mondsee. The end of the Late Neolithic/Copper Age habitation phase with evidence of animal husbandry and local fire activity at 4200 cal BP coincides with the Northgrippian–Meghalayan transition, which is marked by a gradual change in vegetation distribution expressed by a shift to lower scores of the dominant cool mixed (COMX) forest biome. This shift to a cooler and wetter climate regime might have caused the decrease in human activity around this time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101053,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Environments and Humans","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maritime networks as a vector for early farming/language dispersals: A comparative review","authors":"Mark Hudson ,&nbsp;Junzo Uchiyama ,&nbsp;Claudia Zancan ,&nbsp;Katarina Šukelj ,&nbsp;Renata Cabral Bernabé ,&nbsp;Rasmus G. Bjørn ,&nbsp;Ilona R. Bausch ,&nbsp;Irene M. Muñoz Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2025.100066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qeh.2025.100066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maritime networks have been proposed as a mechanism for early agricultural and, by extension, language dispersals in several coastal and island regions. In Island Southeast Asia, such networks have sometimes been discussed as an alternative to the farming/language dispersal hypothesis. However, the relationships between Neolithic maritime networks and maritime economies are poorly known. Here, we summarise published information for three regions where Neolithic maritime networks are thought to have been associated with language dispersals (whether hypothetical or directly attested): the Mediterranean, Island Southeast Asia and Japan. We conclude that while maritime networks played an important role in the Neolithic dispersals considered here, maritime trade and resources did not necessarily represent alternative or opposing economic strategies to agriculture. It was only from the Bronze Age that long-distance trade integrated maritime exchange and resources into a broader economic system. Our review illustrates the complex relations between subsistence, technology and mobility in prehistoric maritime networks and the paper concludes with suggestions for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101053,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Environments and Humans","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeometric analysis of an early copper dagger from Kozareva Mogila, Western Black Sea region","authors":"Petya Georgieva,&nbsp;Yordan Milev","doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2025.100073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qeh.2025.100073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the fifth millennium BC (the Eneolithic period), copper extractive metallurgy developed in the region of Thrace and the Lower Danube. Massive tools and weapons were produced from copper. At the end of the fifth millennium, this development stopped, and the cultures associated with it disappeared. A period of cultural transformation followed, as a result of which the Early Bronze Age cultures appeared, which developed a different type of metallurgy, beginning with the so-called arsenic bronze. This transitional period lasted several hundred years. There is relatively little information on it, particularly for the region of Thrace. The reason for this is that after the end of the third phase of the Late Eneolithic Kodjadermen-Gumelniţa-Karanovo VI culture, a hiatus usually follows in the settlement mounds, above which the Early Bronze Age layers follow. In Kozareva Mogila, a separate layer of phase IV of the culture was discovered for the first time in a settlement mound. It represents the end of the Eneolithic and the beginning of the transitional period to the Bronze Age. This continuity in cultural development indicates that the old population was preserved. Here, we present a copper dagger from the site, originating from this layer, in which only materials from phase IV of the Late Eneolithic are present. A sample from the dagger was studied at the ‘Curt-Engelhorn’ Zentrum für Archäometrie, Mannheim, Germany. An XRF analysis was conducted to determine the chemical composition, and a lead isotope analysis was done to determine possible sources of raw material. The provenance study allowed the dagger to be related to some of the copper deposits in the Strandzha area. The XRF analysis showed that the artefact is made of copper with 0.54 % As, which is probably due to the deliberate use of copper ores with naturally occurring arsenic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101053,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Environments and Humans","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The late Middle Pleistocene Homo erectus of the Madura Strait, first hominin fossils from submerged Sundaland","authors":"H.W.K. Berghuis ,&nbsp;Yousuke Kaifu ,&nbsp;Unggul Prasetyo Wibowo ,&nbsp;Thijs van Kolfschoten ,&nbsp;Indra Sutisna ,&nbsp;Sofwan Noerwidi ,&nbsp;Shinatria Adhityatama ,&nbsp;Gert van den Bergh ,&nbsp;Eduard Pop ,&nbsp;Rusyad Adi Suriyanto ,&nbsp;A. Veldkamp ,&nbsp;Josephine C.A. Joordens ,&nbsp;Iwan Kurniawan","doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2025.100068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qeh.2025.100068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eastern Asia yielded a rich fossil record of Pleistocene hominins, ranging from <em>Homo erectus</em> and the diminutive island species <em>Homo floresiensis</em> and <em>Homo luzonensis</em>, to post-<em>erectus</em> grade late archaic <em>Homo</em> (including Denisovans), and finally to anatomically modern humans. The Sunda Shelf played an important role in the dispersal and evolution of hominin populations. The shelf has been widely exposed during most of the Pleistocene, forming a landmass known as Sundaland. Today, the area holds the world’s largest shelf sea. Thus far, hominin fossils from submerged Sundaland were not available. Here we report on the finding of two hominin cranial fragments from the submerged Sunda Shelf, retrieved during a dredging work in the Madura Strait, off the Java coast. The specimens derive from the sandy fill of a late Middle Pleistocene submerged valley of the Solo River and consist of a frontal fragment and a parietal fragment. Metric and morphological comparisons with Pleistocene skulls from the Asian mainland, Java and Flores point to a relation with the late <em>Homo erectus</em> of Java, in particular with the crania from Sambungmacan. The Madura Strait hominins were probably part of an MIS6 population that lived along the Solo, which in this period continued eastward over the exposed shelf area of the Madura Strait. Probably, the large perennial rivers of Sundaland offered good living conditions for <em>Homo erectus</em>, in a late Middle Pleistocene climate setting that was relatively dry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101053,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Environments and Humans","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A late Middle Pleistocene lowstand valley of the Solo River on the Madura Strait seabed, geology and age of the first hominin locality of submerged Sundaland","authors":"H.W.K. Berghuis ,&nbsp;A. Veldkamp ,&nbsp;Shinatria Adhityatama ,&nbsp;Tony Reimann ,&nbsp;Alice Versendaal ,&nbsp;Iwan Kurniawan ,&nbsp;Eduard Pop ,&nbsp;Thijs van Kolfschoten ,&nbsp;Josephine C.A. Joordens","doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The island of Java (Indonesia) is renowned for its Pleistocene hominin-bearing vertebrate fossil site<em>s</em>. Recently, a marine sand extraction work in the Madura Strait, off the coast of Surabaya, hit upon vertebrate-rich sandstones. More than 6000 vertebrate fossils have been retrieved from the dredged sand, amongst which are two skull fragments ascribed to <em>Homo erectus</em>. The fossils form the first vertebrate record from submerged Sundaland, the lowland plains that connected the great islands of western Indonesia to the Asian mainland during Middle and Late Pleistocene lowstands. Here we present the results of a comprehensive study of the age, depositional background and landscape setting of the subsea fossil locality. The fossiliferous sandstones form the fill of a lowstand valley of the Solo River. The material was OSL-dated to 162 +/- 31 and 119 +/- 27 ka, which links the valley to the lowstand of MIS6. Fluvial backfilling was probably related to the stage of rising sea-level in the run-up to MIS5. The top of the valley fill consists of marine sandstones, pointing to valley drowning and a change to estuarine conditions, probably during peak highstand conditions of MIS5e. The Madura Strait submerged valley is of similar age as the Solo terrace of Ngandong, one of the richest <em>Homo erectus</em> sites of Java and regarded as yielding the youngest record of this species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101053,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Environments and Humans","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change and the spread of the Transeurasian languages","authors":"Martine Robbeets ,&nbsp;Christian Leipe","doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2025.100071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qeh.2025.100071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The term “Transeurasian” refers to a proposed language family stretching across Europe and northern Asia, which includes five well-established branches: Japonic, Koreanic, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic. The complex range of interacting factors that drove the spread of these languages from their homeland in Northeast Asia to their present-day locations is yet to be understood. Here, we investigate the potential impacts of climate change on the spread of the Transeurasian languages across mid-latitude East Asia during the Holocene, beginning from the initial break-up of the Transeurasian language family about 9200 years ago. Comparison of palaeoclimate records and linguistic developments demonstrates that global- to regional-scale climate trends may have been factors that promoted the spread of these languages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101053,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Environments and Humans","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedimentary records from human-made talavs reveal climate risks in semi-arid watersheds of India","authors":"Atreyee Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;S. Sarkar ,&nbsp;J.S. Leonard-Pingel ,&nbsp;A.V. Michelson ,&nbsp;A Anoop ,&nbsp;P.K. Mishra ,&nbsp;S. Chakraborty ,&nbsp;K Bajaj ,&nbsp;U Singh ,&nbsp;V Petryshyn ,&nbsp;R. Ray ,&nbsp;P.D. Sabale ,&nbsp;A Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;M. Kirby ,&nbsp;A. Bazaz","doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2025.100061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qeh.2025.100061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessing climate impacts in semi-arid watersheds, which are home to populous semi-arid regions of South Asia, is becoming increasingly critical as these regions emerge as climate hotspots. Century-scale records of climate impacts, preserved in terrestrial sedimentary archives, are some of the only kinds of investigations that can provide the necessary insights into how local climate variations impact these watersheds. Here, we investigate sedimentary records preserved in unique types of human-made water bodies, which are commonly present in arid and semi-arid regions of south Asia. Known as ‘<em>talavs</em>’, human-made water bodies are ubiquitous in south Asia and have been historically constructed by damming seasonal rain-fed distributaries in order to conserve rainwater for the purposes of sustenance and agriculture in water-stressed regions. Integrating a multidisciplinary approach comprising remote sensing, lake geophysics, lithostratigraphic (sedimentological, mineralogical &amp; geochemical measurements) and radiometric dating, we reconstruct century-scale records of landscape erosion &amp; resultant run-off and in water-stressed catchments in one of the most climatologically threatened watersheds of western India, namely the Bhima watershed. Our reconstructions show that land erosion and subsequent sediment deposition in <em>talavs</em> are tied to the regional expressions of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). We also find that while run-off is sensitive to divisional expressions of hydroclimate variability (associated with the ISM), the intensity of run-off and resultant erosion is not a simple function of rainfall intensity; in fact, we find that land-surface erodibility is impacted by land-use patterns and incidence of prior climate events (e.g. flooding) and that these compunded effects are more prominent in drier catchments (which also experience more extreme climate events) than in the wetter parts of the watersheds. Based on our investigation, we conclude that drier catchments of watersheds in semi-arid regions are at an elevated risk of direct climate impacts compared to the wetter catchments in the same watershed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101053,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Environments and Humans","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of the 8.2 ka cold event on Fennoscandian hunter-gatherer metapopulation inferred from climatic, environmental, and archaeological signals","authors":"Mikael A. Manninen ,&nbsp;Roope O. Kaaronen ,&nbsp;Jussi T. Eronen ,&nbsp;Miikka Tallavaara","doi":"10.1016/j.qeh.2025.100065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qeh.2025.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of the 8.2 ka cold event in the Fennoscandian Peninsula have been discussed in palaeoclimatological and archaeological studies for more than two decades. Here we present the first overview of human responses to the abrupt 1–3 °C cooling in Fennoscandia. We summarize the results of 27 archaeological studies discussing the effects of the event on Fennoscandian foragers alongside with a survey of climatic and environmental proxy records that show changes during the event in the whole region. We argue that since forager populations, particularly in heterogenous environments like those found at the higher latitudes, were vulnerable to multi-decennial climatic downturns, they probably utilized a variety of strategies known from the archaeological and ethnographic record to mitigate unpredictable environmental variability. We further suggest that the archaeological cases indicate that such strategies were in use and that the use of these strategies, especially when put into effect simultaneously, affected foragers also in areas where the effects of the climate event were less severe. We therefore suggest that the effect of the cold event was felt throughout the forager network and that a model of metapopulation response to the 8.2 ka cold event in Fennoscandia can be presented. The model needs to be further developed and tested in future work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101053,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Environments and Humans","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}