Proceedings - Soil Science Society of America最新文献

{"title":"Correction to “Effect of model choice on critical soil test value of phosphorus for corn in long-term trials in North Carolina”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/saj2.70115","DOIUrl":"10.1002/saj2.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Filippi, D., Gatiboni, L., Crozier, C., Osmond, D., &amp; Hardy, D. (2025). Effect of model choice on critical soil test value of phosphorus for corn in long-term trials in North Carolina. <i>Soil Science Society of America Journal</i>, <i>89</i>, e70104. https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.70104</p><p>On the “Plain Language Summary” section, the text “critical <i>p</i>-value” and “critical <i>p</i>-values” were incorrect. This should have read: “critical P value” and “critical P values.”</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":101043,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - Soil Science Society of America","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/saj2.70115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering runoff and soil loss processes during various phenological stages of Trifolium pratense at small plot scale","authors":"Nastaran Naderi Marangalo,&nbsp;Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi,&nbsp;Reza Erfanzadeh,&nbsp;Abdulvahed Khaledi Darvishan","doi":"10.1002/saj2.70100","DOIUrl":"10.1002/saj2.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Land degradation occurs primarily through soil erosion and hydrological instability. The role of vegetation growth stages, specifically germination, greening, flowering, live root, and dead root, in runoff and soil erosion control lacks sufficient investigation. The current research, therefore, examines runoff and soil loss during five successive growth stages of <i>Trifolium pratense</i>, which functions as an essential forage species for rangeland rehabilitation under simulated rainfall conditions. The study executed controlled laboratory experiments using soil collected from the Kojour Watershed, northern Iran. The experiment utilized rainfall simulations (50 mm h⁻¹ intensity, 20% slope, 30-min duration) on vegetated and bare (control) plots to mimic regional rainfall conditions while maintaining statistical control for robust comparative assessments. The experimental data show that vegetated plots yielded more favorable results by generating 1.27–1.65 times less runoff volume and lowering soil loss by factors of 1.15–4.99 times. The flowering stage demonstrated maximum erosion control because its roots and canopy reached their peak developmental stage. The results also showed that the above-ground plant biomass primarily controlled splash erosion, but the roots basically strengthened the soil via binding and bonding effects to achieve stabilization. The research showed that vegetation primarily assists by stopping soil detachment rather than significantly affecting runoff. The study exclusively focused on <i>T. pratense</i>, so additional research should investigate whether these findings apply to other plant species. Research success will improve runoff and soil erosion-controlling strategies and be a starting point for further studies on rangeland species functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":101043,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - Soil Science Society of America","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quinone group modified sludge-based biochar as electron shuttle to enhance the biodegradation of naphthalene in petrochemical contaminated soil","authors":"Mingbo Sun,&nbsp;Zixuan Li,&nbsp;Zhengwei Liu,&nbsp;Shici Ma,&nbsp;Shucai Zhang,&nbsp;Fengyuan Zhang","doi":"10.1002/saj2.70114","DOIUrl":"10.1002/saj2.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, an electron shuttle, anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS), was employed to construct quinone group modified sludge-based biochar (AQDS-SBC). The graft of quinone functional groups brought a higher level of aromatic structure and the effect of AQDS-SBC on the biodegradation of naphthalene was explored. The removal of naphthalene was improved by 80.67% with the addition of AQDS-SBC, and the degradation of naphthalene follows the pseudo-first-order kinetic. Furthermore, the results of electrochemical measurements suggested that the presence of quinone-like groups in AQDS-SBC as redox-active centers might play an important role in mediating extracellular electron transfer (EET), thereby accelerating the degradation of naphthalene. The microbial community analysis indicated that naphthalene-degrading bacteria (<i>Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus</i>) and EET-functional bacteria (<i>Geobacter</i>) were enriched in the presence of AQDS-SBC, which promoted the synergistic effect of multiple microorganisms and provided multiple modes of electron transfer to degrade naphthalene. In conclusion, this experiment verified that EET mediated by AQDS-SBC enhanced the degradation of naphthalene and provided a reference for the bioremediation of petrochemical-contaminated soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":101043,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - Soil Science Society of America","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of common methods to quantify field saturated hydraulic conductivity in glacial till soils of Northeastern United States","authors":"Monique E. Michaud,&nbsp;Huijie Gan","doi":"10.1002/saj2.70112","DOIUrl":"10.1002/saj2.70112","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Characterizing field-saturated hydraulic conductivity (<i>K</i>_fs) in soil is important because <i>K</i>_fs data are needed for a variety of applications. However, different <i>K</i>_fs measurement methods often yield vastly different results. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of five methods to detect variations in measured <i>K</i>_fs across land use in glacial till soils. We compared the lab intact core method with four in-field methods, including the compact constant head well permeameter (Amoozemeter) and three single-ring infiltrometers: Cornell sprinkle infiltrometer, dual-head infiltrometer (SATURO), and a consistent head single-ring infiltrometer. Ten plots were established along a transect in six field sites with varying land uses (forest, corn [<i>Zea mays</i> L.], hay, vegetable, and turf). One measurement was taken per plot for each method. Overall, <i>K</i>_fs estimates from the Amoozemeter were consistently lower than those from field infiltrometers. All methods revealed higher surface <i>K</i>_fs in the forest than the intensively cultivated sites; however, the Amoozemeter and the ring-based methods revealed different <i>K</i>_fs patterns among managed sites. Despite differences in water application procedures, the field infiltrometers produced similar <i>K</i>_fs estimates, suggesting their interchangeability in applications for assessing land use and management impacts on surface <i>K</i>_fs in glacial till soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":101043,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - Soil Science Society of America","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/saj2.70112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing mechanical performance of red soils via lime–phosphogypsum stabilization: A Box–Behnken design approach","authors":"Dounia Azerkane,&nbsp;Faiçal El Khazanti,&nbsp;Meriam El Ouahabi,&nbsp;Achraf Harrou,&nbsp;Aicha Boukhriss,&nbsp;Abdoulkader Moussa Issaka,&nbsp;El Khadir Gharibi","doi":"10.1002/saj2.70111","DOIUrl":"10.1002/saj2.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluates the feasibility of storing phosphogypsum (PG) on lime-stabilized red soils (RS) and quantifies the synergistic stabilization capacity of PG-hydraulic lime (L) blends. Mortar specimens with variable RS/L/PG ratios underwent comprehensive physicochemical (pH, electrical conductivity [EC], X-ray fluorescence [XRF]), geotechnical (Atterberg limits), mineralogical (X-ray diffraction [XRD], Fourier transform infrared [FTIR]), microstructural (scanning electron microscopy [SEM]/energy dispersive spectroscopy [EDS]), thermogravimetric (differential thermal analysis coupled with thermogravimetric analysis [DTA-TG]), and mechanical (unconfined compressive strength [UCS]) characterization. Box–Behnken design (BBD) was applied to delineate the influence of varying proportions of RS, L, and PG on the mechanical performance of stabilized soil composites. The results establish that 10 wt% L with ≤32 wt% PG significantly enhances soil performance. The UCS increased from 1.67 MPa (RS + 2%L) to 4.48 MPa (RS + 10%L + 32%PG), and the plasticity index decreased from 17.47% (untreated RS) to 12.64% (RS + 10%L + 10%PG). Critically, PG addition did not induce ettringite formation despite available sulfate ions (SO₄²⁻), aluminol/silicate groups, Ca²⁺, and OH⁻ ions, eliminating the risks of sulfate-induced expansion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed rod-shaped gypsum microcrystals (CaSO₄·2H₂O) on particle surfaces, accelerating hydration kinetics and strengthening mechanical performance through microstructural densification. This study establishes PG as a sustainable co-additive that concurrently mitigates industrial waste liabilities and enhances geotechnical performance in marginal red soils. Component synergies rigorously quantified via BBD provide a mechanistic blueprint for eco-engineered infrastructure and circular waste management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":101043,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - Soil Science Society of America","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling particle size distribution for subaqueous soil survey applications","authors":"Joseph V. Manetta,&nbsp;Mark H. Stolt","doi":"10.1002/saj2.70108","DOIUrl":"10.1002/saj2.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coastal environments face a growing number of challenges as a result of a changing climate (e.g., sea level rise, flooding, and erosion). In response, intertidal and subaqueous soils (SAS) are being mapped to provide a soil resource inventory for use and management decisions. An essential part of any soil resource inventory is particle size distribution (PSD) analysis. Coastal soils have elevated levels of salts and sulfides that can complicate PSD analysis, requiring time-intensive pretreatments. We tested a regression model to reduce reliance on labor-intensive methods for PSD analysis. Analysis of 257 SAS samples revealed a strong sand–silt relationship (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001; <i>r</i>² = 0.975), allowing for accurate silt and clay prediction from sand content. For samples with &gt;40% sand (70% of the 257 samples), average absolute residuals of predicted silt ranged from 0.80% to 3.58%. Randomized iterative testing (10,000 iterations) showed that as few as 50 samples of the original 257 could be used to develop a model to provide PSD data with &lt;4% absolute error for predicting silt for samples with &gt;40% sand. Accuracy of the model declined for samples with ≤40% sand, especially &lt;20% sand where average absolute residuals ranged from 7% to 8%. We hypothesized that diatom skeletons disrupted the sand–silt relationship in the silt-dominated samples, which contained as many as 9% diatoms. The regression model developed in this study offers a faster, more time- and cost-effective alternative for determining PSD analysis in SAS with &gt;40% sand, aiding large-scale soil survey efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":101043,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - Soil Science Society of America","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/saj2.70108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shrinkage and soil water retention characteristics of undisturbed soft sensitive clay after electroosmosis treatment","authors":"Udesh Wijepala,&nbsp;Mohamad Hanafi,&nbsp;Hossein Baniasadi,&nbsp;Sanandam Bordoloi","doi":"10.1002/saj2.70109","DOIUrl":"10.1002/saj2.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The availability of low-cost and renewable electricity in Finland has encouraged practitioners to explore electroosmosis for consolidating soft clay. However, the shrinkage and soil water retention characteristics of soft sensitive clays after application of electroosmosis remain underexplored. Current study presents the laboratory electroosmotic dewatering experiments conducted on meticulously sampled undisturbed Finnish clays. The hydraulic properties, consolidation potential, shrinkage curves, and soil water retention characteristics, along with the electro-chemical changes, were evaluated at 10, 20, and 30 V. Electroosmotic treatment resulted in a two-order magnitude (10²) increase in dewatering rate and up to 22% settlement, outperforming conventional incremental loading methods. Significant pH variations induced near electrodes altered clay microstructure: dispersed nature increased the minimum void ratio (<i>e</i>_min) near the 10 V cathode (up to 35%), while flocculated nature near the 30 V anode reduced it by 5% as compared to undisturbed sample. The effect of pH on the shrinkage limit (SL) was evident, as acidification reduced the SL, while it increased under alkaline conditions at each voltage. The air-entry value decreased near cathodes and increased near anodes at each voltage, reflecting voltage-dependent alterations in soil water retention curves at both ends. Additionally, the degradation of Si–O functional groups near the anode (up to 27%) and their enrichment near the cathode (up to 70%) indicate mineralogical reorganization induced by electroosmotic treatment. The preliminary findings from this study encourage exploring electroosmosis to self-consolidate soft sensitive clay in field conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":101043,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - Soil Science Society of America","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/saj2.70109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing rice quality through tobacco–rice rotation cropping: Impacts on soil nutrients and cadmium reduction","authors":"Zhifeng Chen,&nbsp;Dabin Long,&nbsp;Liu Yang,&nbsp;Liuping Deng,&nbsp;Jia Chen,&nbsp;Liangliang Hu,&nbsp;Chao Lu,&nbsp;Li Li,&nbsp;Zhengliang Luo,&nbsp;Shihui Zhang,&nbsp;Kunmei Chen","doi":"10.1002/saj2.70110","DOIUrl":"10.1002/saj2.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tobacco–rice rotation cropping (TRRC) can optimize the physical and chemical properties of the soil, improve soil fertility, and increase yields of tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>) and rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>). However, there is a lack of attention to the quality of rice affected by TRRC. This study aims to investigate the effects of TRRC on rice quality and soil nutrient availability. Comparative analysis was conducted between TRRC and single-season rice (R mode) areas over 2 years, assessing rice quality metrics and soil nutrient profiles. The results indicated that rice quality significantly improved in TRRC areas, evidenced by an increase of 0.3%–1650% in metrics such as protein content and amylose content, with a notable reduction in cadmium (Cd) levels. Comparing with R mode, the content of organic matter and the available nitrogen (N) was respectively reduced 1.3%–73.3% and 3.8%–84.6% in soils of TRRC mode, while the content of available potassium (K) and available phosphorus (P) was respectively increased 4.0%–84% and 6.8%–95%. Pesticide residue detection of rice in TRRC area and R mode area meets the national pesticide residue standards for rice in China. These findings suggest that TRRC can optimize rice production and safety in Cd-contaminated regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":101043,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - Soil Science Society of America","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation inhibits plant Zn toxicity and promotes Zn biofortification for lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)","authors":"Endy Kailer,&nbsp;Pedro Souza,&nbsp;Aaron Lee M. Daigh,&nbsp;Maria Catarina Megumi Kasuya,&nbsp;Marliane de Cássia Soares da Silva,&nbsp;Samuel Vasconcelos Valadares,&nbsp;Carlos Nick","doi":"10.1002/saj2.70102","DOIUrl":"10.1002/saj2.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Insufficient dietary intake of zinc (Zn) is a significant public health concern globally, as it is closely linked to impaired immune function and pregnancy complications. Addressing this issue may include strategies such as agronomic biofortification of globally important vegetables. For example, lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.) contributes to the dietary intake of millions of people and may be well used for agronomic biofortification. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), symbiotic with 80% of terrestrial plants, also facilitate nutrient uptake, contributing to improving the nutritional value of crops. Our research aimed to assess the effects of AMF inoculation and Zn fertilization on plant growth and biofortification of lettuce leaves. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design, in a double factorial arrangement (5 × 2), composed of five rates of Zn (0, 8, 32, 64, and 96 mg dm⁻³) and two levels of mycorrhizal inoculation (presence and absence) with 10 replicates. Plant growth, AMF colonization, and plant Zn uptake were measured. AMF inoculation substantially increased AMF root colonization across all Zn levels, while non-inoculated plants presented an 89% decrease in root colonization at the highest Zn rate (96 mg Zn dm⁻³). Without inoculation, high Zn fertilization reduced lettuce yield by 16% at the highest Zn rate (96 mg Zn dm⁻³), with no negative effects in inoculated plants. Inoculated plants produced 37% more fresh biomass without Zn fertilization (0 mg Zn dm⁻³) and 68% more at the highest Zn rate (96 mg Zn dm⁻³) compared to non-inoculated plants. Fertilized plants were successfully biofortified, reaching Zn concentrations eightfold (inoculated plants) to 10-fold (non-inoculated plants) higher than controls. AMF inoculation promoted superior Zn absorption under toxic Zn levels while inhibiting detrimental effects of Zn toxicity on plant growth. Therefore, our data provide new evidence that AMF inoculation enables the application of high Zn rates in lettuce biofortification programs while enhancing plant growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":101043,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - Soil Science Society of America","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/saj2.70102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of vegetation type on silicon content in different subtropical soils","authors":"Luana Dalacorte,&nbsp;Ana Paula Rodrigues da Silva,&nbsp;Dirceu Maximino Fernandes,&nbsp;Edson Campanhola Bortoluzzi","doi":"10.1002/saj2.70107","DOIUrl":"10.1002/saj2.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil weathering is the term that describes soil genesis, and its good visual indicators are natural vegetation cover and soil morphology. However, do the same soil types under different vegetation covers affect the degree of soil weathering? Our objective was to study two contrasting soil types under natural vegetation to discuss the degree of weathering, considering their morphology, silicon (Si) content, and fine mineralogy assemblage. Soil samples were collected in nearby Brazilian regions with Ferralsol and Regosol soils, as well as native forest and grassland areas. Soil profile, mineralogy, and chemical composition (total and available ions) were described. Both soils presented the following minerals: mica/illite, kaolinite, quartz, and cristobalite. Available Si content ranged from 6.31 to 8.76 mg kg⁻¹, and it was higher in Ferralsol than in Regosol soils but did not show dependency on the vegetation type. The total SiO₂ content ranged from 283.5 to 341.4 g kg⁻¹. The Ki index was higher in the A horizons (2.77) of Ferralsols than in Regosols. The silt/clay ratio content discriminated soil types more accurately. Although vegetation types, mineralogy effects, and Si availability were weak as factors of soil evolution under native conditions, these findings do not end the discussion about the impact of vegetation cover on soil weathering. Further studies on different soil classes are recommended, including assessments of Si content in plant tissues, to elucidate the link of vegetation and mineralogy to chemical availability.</p>","PeriodicalId":101043,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - Soil Science Society of America","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/saj2.70107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}