Plant Nano Biology最新文献

{"title":"Phytonanotechnology in the mitigation of biotic and abiotic stresses in plants","authors":"Riyazuddin Riyazuddin ,&nbsp;Nisha Nisha ,&nbsp;Ravi Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent years have witnessed a surge in nanoparticles (NPs) based research due to their unique physiochemical properties and their broad range of applications in a variety of sectors, including agriculture. A growing body of evidence suggests that NPs may effectively be used to ameliorate the negative effects of biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Based on the literature evidence, we have concluded that NPs improve stress tolerance in plants by (1) inducing the detoxification of stress-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), (2) improving photosynthetic parameters, and (3) triggering the production of compatible solutes, secondary metabolites, and phytohormone(s). Moreover, NPs have also been shown to trigger the signaling cascades which result in the biosynthesis of antimicrobial compounds and expression of defense-related genes, especially under biotic stress conditions. However, higher concentrations of NPs may exhibit negative effects on plant growth and productivity, therefore, an in-depth understanding of NPs behavior in the plants is required for the development of a functional product that can be utilized in modern agricultural practices. This review consolidates the available research on NPs-mediated biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants to present an underlying mechanism of NP functions under stress conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic insights: How nanoparticles modulate plant hormones and defense response signaling under stress","authors":"Jasjeet Narang ,&nbsp;Bhuvnesh Kapoor ,&nbsp;Shakshi Sharma ,&nbsp;Navjot Singh Gill","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanotechnology, an interdisciplinary field, explores material properties at the nanoscale (0.1–100 nm), enabling precise control over physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Nanoparticles (NPs), with their unique size-dependent properties, have revolutionized various fields, including agriculture, where they offer advanced solutions for enhancing plant growth, stress tolerance, and productivity. Over the last decades, NPs have shown promise in modulating phytohormone-mediated processes and molecular signaling pathways, playing pivotal roles in crop improvement and adaptation to environmental challenges. The central role of phytohormones and their cross-talk signaling mechanisms in plant defense serves as an impeccable target for NPs to modulate plant responses. NPs interactions with key signaling mechanisms, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) involving activation of antioxidative enzymes (e.g., catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase), and alteration of mRNA expression, contribute to enhanced ability of plants to withstand biotic and abiotic stressors. However, the dose-dependent effects of NPs, ranging from beneficial to phytotoxic, underline the need for careful optimization and regulation. This review delves into the molecular mechanisms underlying NP-plant interactions, highlighting their potential to enhance crop resilience while addressing concerns about their environmental impact. By advancing our understanding of these interactions, this study aims to provide insights into harnessing NPs for sustainable agricultural practices and addressing challenges in global food security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing crop production with iron nanoparticles for controlled release of plant growth regulators and abiotic stress resistance","authors":"Sehar Razzaq ,&nbsp;Beibei Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) have emerged as a revolutionary tool for enhancing the efficiency of plant growth regulators (PGRs) delivery in modern agriculture. This review explores how Fe-NPs address critical challenges in conventional PGR applications, including instability, rapid degradation, and non-target effects. Their unique properties, such as high surface area, magnetic responsiveness, and biocompatibility, enable the precise encapsulation and controlled release of key PGRs, including auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, and abscisic acid, thereby improving bioavailability and reducing environmental contamination. Fe-NPs demonstrate remarkable potential in enhancing plant growth, stress tolerance (including drought and salinity), and crop productivity through targeted delivery mechanisms. Additionally, their dual role as both PGR carriers and iron micronutrient supplements offers synergistic benefits for plant health. While promising, challenges in scalability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental safety must be addressed for widespread adoption. By integrating nanotechnology with precision agriculture, Fe-NPs-mediated PGR delivery offers a sustainable approach to enhancing crop performance and resilience in the face of climate change and increasing global food demands. The objectives of this review are to highlight current advancements, key mechanisms involved in the target delivery of Fe-NPs, abiotic stress tolerance (including oxidative stress modulation and enhanced metabolic processes), applications, and future directions for harnessing Fe-NPs in next-generation agricultural practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of tomato to silicon dioxide nanoparticles under salinity: Impact on photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes activity, stress biomarkers and osmoregulatory substances","authors":"Pravej Alam ,&nbsp;Mehmet Yalcin ,&nbsp;Mohammad Faizan ,&nbsp;Thamer Albalawi","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinity imposes pronounced barriers on agricultural productivity by negatively affecting plant growth, morphological traits, and key physiological and biochemical processes. Nanotechnology holds transformative potential for sustainable agriculture by improving enabling precision farming and boosting crop productivity with minimal environmental impact. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO₂-NPs) in alleviating salt stress in tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>) plants. We determined the effect of SiO₂-NPs (50 ppm) on mitigating salt (50 mM) stress in <em>S. lycopersicum</em> by examining various growth attributes and metabolic indicators. The findings demonstrated that SiO₂-NPs significantly enhanced <em>S. lycopersicum</em> resistance to salt stress. Under salt stress, <em>S. lycopersicum</em> plants showed decreases in net photosynthetic rate (33.41 %), reducing sugar (11.67 %), and protein content (37.21 %), along with increases in total alkaloids (18.67 %), proline content (16.21 %), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (76.42 %) and peroxidase (55.73 %). The foliar application of SiO₂-NPs significantly enhanced salinity tolerance in <em>S. lycopersicum</em>, as indicated by reductions of 24.15 % in malondialdehyde and 29.31 % in hydrogen peroxide levels, accompanied by increases of 32.47 % in SPAD value, 17.13 % in protein content, 16.54 % in reducing sugar, and 13.44 % in total carbohydrate content. Collectively, these findings highlight the promising role of SiO₂-NPs in mitigating salt-induced damage in <em>S. lycopersicum</em> by enhancing antioxidant defense, stabilizing cellular structures, and improving key physiological and metabolic functions. This study provides valuable insights into the potential application of SiO₂-NPs as an effective nanotechnological strategy for enhancing salinity tolerance and sustaining crop productivity under saline conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144581331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of biogenic silver nanoparticles on the germination and phenophase of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) var. Anjasmoro","authors":"Elah Nurlaelah ,&nbsp;Windri Handayani ,&nbsp;Ratna Yuniati ,&nbsp;Ezza Syuhada Sazali","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained considerable attention in agriculture for their potential to enhance plant growth and productivity. However, their application may also induce phytotoxic effects, depending on factors such as concentration, particle size, plant species, and mode of exposure. In this study, AgNPs were biosynthesized using <em>Diospyros discolor</em> leaf extract and applied to soybean (<em>Glycine max</em> (L.) Merr. var. Anjasmoro) to evaluate their effects on seed germination and plant development through nanopriming and foliar spray treatments. In the first experiment, soybean seeds were soaked with AgNPs at concentrations of 20, 40, and 60 mg/L. The effects on germination rate, shoot and root length, seed vigor index, and chlorophyll a and b content were evaluated on the seedlings after 7 days. In the second experiment, 20 mg/L AgNPs were applied through seed nanopriming, foliar spray application, and a combination of both methods, then their effects were evaluated up to 78 days after sowing and spraying. Their effects on plant height, leaf number, root length, biomass, chlorophyll content, phenological stages (flowering and fruiting time), and oxidative stress markers (hydrogen peroxide and total phenolic content) were assessed. The results showed that germination rates remained above 95 % across all AgNP treatments. Specifically, 20 mg/L AgNPs significantly enhanced shoot elongation and seed vigor, while 60 mg/L reduced root length. Chlorophyll a and b contents increased significantly at 40 and 60 mg/L, respectively. In mature plants, the combined application of nanopriming and foliar spray led to reductions in vegetative growth parameters, accompanied by elevated hydrogen peroxide and phenolic content, indicating oxidative stress. However, foliar and combined treatments effectively accelerated the flowering and fruiting phases. These findings demonstrate the dual role of biogenic AgNPs in stimulating physiological processes while potentially inducing oxidative stress, depending on the dose and application method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in nanotechnology for arsenic remediation in agricultural systems: Challenges and prospects","authors":"Md. Saidur Rahman ,&nbsp;Mohammad Nazrul Islam Bhuiyan ,&nbsp;Mahfuzur Rahman ,&nbsp;Shariful Islam ,&nbsp;Priyanka Dey Suchi ,&nbsp;Barun Kanti Saha ,&nbsp;Mohammad Zabed Hossain","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arsenic (As) contamination poses a critical threat to global agricultural sustainability, particularly in regions dependent on arsenic-laden groundwater for irrigation. Prolonged exposure to arsenic not only compromises crop yield and food safety—especially in rice-dominated systems—but also poses severe public health risks through dietary accumulation. Conventional remediation strategies have had limited success in field applications due to scalability issues, poor selectivity, and environmental drawbacks. Recent advancements in nanotechnology offer innovative, efficient, and adaptable approaches for arsenic mitigation in agroecosystems. Engineered nanomaterials—such as iron oxide nanoparticles, carbon-based nanostructures, and biodegradable polymeric composites—exhibit high arsenic adsorption capacity, environmental responsiveness, and potential for integration with existing farming practices. These nano-interventions function across the soil–water–plant continuum, enabling targeted arsenic immobilization, enhancing soil health, and reducing plant uptake. However, key challenges remain, including concerns about nanoparticle toxicity, environmental persistence, lack of standardized risk assessments, and limited field-scale validations. Emerging research emphasizes the need for eco-safe, multifunctional nanomaterials and precision delivery systems, supported by real-time monitoring tools and robust regulatory frameworks. This review presented an integrative perspective on the current state of nanotechnology in arsenic remediation for agriculture, highlights critical research gaps, and proposes strategic directions for future innovation. Advancing safe and sustainable nano-enabled solutions holds immense promise for protecting food systems and ensuring long-term environmental resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and production of water-stress indicators modified by zinc oxide nanoparticles as nanofertilizers under water-regulated conditions on tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)","authors":"Anthony Wale Ojewumi ,&nbsp;Olawale Lawrence Osifeko ,&nbsp;Olajide Muritala Keshinro ,&nbsp;Micheal Idowu Osundinakin ,&nbsp;Racheal Tope- Akinyetun ,&nbsp;Ayodotun Samuel Ayoola ,&nbsp;Musa Abdullahi Husaini ,&nbsp;Medese Grace Sejero ,&nbsp;Daniel Oluwaseyi Adelugba ,&nbsp;Anthony Babajide Ojekale","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vegetables play a vital role in ensuring food security, but their production has declined significantly due to unfavorable climatic conditions, soil nutrient depletion, and the plants' limited ability to adapt. This study investigates the impact of varying concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on the growth and production of selected water-stress indicators in <em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>. Varying concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4 g ZnONPs per Litre distilled water) were sprayed once daily on the plants at 100 mL per potted plant, while different controls were sprayed with either 100 mL distilled water daily (0¹) or weekly (0²). The functional groups of ZnONPs were determined, while morphological, optical and biochemical parameters were characterized. Their effects on morphological traits (plant height, number of leaves), leaf-related growth components, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants, were further evaluated. Elemental analysis revealed that zinc (60.24 %, 53.30 %) was the predominant element in ZnONPs, while silica (50.0 %) was the primary component in cassava peel extract (CPE). Structural analysis revealed crystalline structures in cassava peel extract (CPE) and sharp peaks in zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). The 4 g/L ZnONPs significantly enhanced vegetable growth, with increased: Height (48.33 cm), number of leaves (18.67), leaf area (82.33 cm), specific leaf area (6531.57 cm²/g) and relative growth rate (0.07 g/g/day) compared with other treatments. In contrast, control group 0¹ exhibited notable leaf area index (0.47 m²/g), net assimilatory rate (2.39 g/m²/day) and leaf area ratio (0.21(m²/g). However, control group 0² showed higher levels of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde 23.24 nmol/g) and hydrogen peroxide (43.11 µmol/g) in roots). Conversely, catalase (2568.06 µmol/g), ascorbate peroxidase (30.35µmol/g) and superoxide dismutase (1.48µmol/g) were substantially higher in the leaves of 0² and roots compared with 4 g/L ZnOPs. The 4 g/L ZnONPs treatment also yielded significant quantities of ascorbic acid (148.71 mg/g), glutathione (8.31 µmol/g) and total soluble sugars (21.53 mg/g) in the leaves and roots of the vegetables. The ZnONPs exhibited beneficial functional groups, making them suitable for tomato cultivation. Notably, the 4 g/L ZnONPs treatment enhanced agronomic characters, whereas the 0² treatment reduced these characters but triggered increased production of water-stress indicators. These findings suggest that ZnONPs, as a nanofertilizer, have great potential for improving tomato production and should be encouraged.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing drought resistance in African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Harms) through silicon nanoparticle priming: A multi-accession study","authors":"Michael Osundinakin,&nbsp;Olajide Keshinro,&nbsp;Emmanuel Atoloye,&nbsp;Oyindamola Adetunji,&nbsp;Temitope Afariogun,&nbsp;Itunuoluwa Adekoya","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of drought on crop productivity and growth is substantial on a global scale. Reports of crop failures due to drought are widespread in Africa. This study aims to investigate the effects of silicon nanoparticle (Si-NP) seed priming on drought tolerance in ten <em>Sphenostylis stenocarpa</em> accessions. Seeds in the treatment/drought-stress group were rinsed and soaked in 100 mg/L Si-NP for 24 h, whereas control seeds were soaked in double distilled water. Plants were grown for 90 days, then subjected to 21 days of drought stress. Seed morphological characters, leaf area (LA), water use efficiency (WUE), leaf relative water content (LRWC), root-shoot ratio (RSR), tolerance index (T.I), malondialdehyde content (MDA), proline, superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) parameters were measured on the 7th, 14th and 21st days of drought stress. LA was significantly decreased in Si-NPs treated seeds of TSs 12 and TSs 77, whereas the WUE remained statistically similar in TSs 101 and TSs 158 throughout the study (p &lt; 0.05). RWC significantly increased in drought-stressed TSs 157, indicating a high water balance, while TSs 101 maintained consistent T.I. and RSR values (p &lt; 0.05). MDA content decreased significantly in TSs 157 and TSs 158 (p &lt; 0.05), indicating reduced oxidative stress. TSs 11, TSs 12, TSs 144, TSs 153, and TSs 311 proline levels were statistically similar to those of controls, exhibiting a balanced osmotic protection. Si-NP treatment increased SOD and CAT activities in TSs 158 (p &lt; 0.05), enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms. Conversely, APX activities decreased in most accessions during early drought stages, signalling impaired ascorbic acid-mediated detoxification of hydrogen peroxide. Si-NP primed seeds of TSs 101 and TSs 158 emerged as the best-performing accessions under drought stress. These findings highlight the potential of Si-NP seed priming in enhancing <em>S. stenocarpa</em> drought tolerance, with significant implications for improving cultivation in water-deficient areas and breeding drought-tolerant varieties. This research contributes to understanding <em>S. stenocarpa</em> resilience and its potential role in ensuring food security and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative effects of foliar-applied silica, titania, and silver nanoparticles on the leafminer, with additional studies of silica nanoparticle impacts on survival and development time","authors":"Ahmed F. Thabet ,&nbsp;Ola A. Galal ,&nbsp;Siyi Gao ,&nbsp;Midori Tuda ,&nbsp;Ryosuke Fujita ,&nbsp;Masato Hino ,&nbsp;James R. Miksanek ,&nbsp;Biplab K.C. ,&nbsp;Akihiro Kishimura ,&nbsp;Magdy F. El–Samahy ,&nbsp;Kareem M. Mousa","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the potential applications of nanoparticles (NPs) in insect pest management continue to be explored, the focus has primarily been on external feeders, leaving a notable knowledge gap regarding internal leaf feeders. In this study, we investigated the effects of silica (SiO₂), titania (TiO₂), and silver (Ag) NPs on the American serpentine leafminer, <em>Liriomyza trifolii</em> (Diptera: Agromyzidae), a devastating pest of a diverse array of crops. NPs were sprayed on the leaves of seedlings of the common bean, <em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em> (Fabaceae), at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/L to evaluate their effects on the survival, development, feeding rate, and body mass/size of the leafminer. qRT-PCR was used to assess oxidative stress in pupae based on the expression of genes for two major antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Total protein content was also quantified. Compared to the control (distilled water), neither SiO₂, TiO₂, nor Ag NPs affected larval feeding rate. SiO₂NPs decreased puparia weight, while TiO₂ and Ag NPs increased both the weight and length of puparium as well as wing length in adults. The lowest tested concentration of TiO₂NPs (50 mg/L) and the highest of AgNPs (400 mg/L) led to upregulation of <em>SOD2</em>, whereas SiO₂NPs had no significant effects on the expression of either <em>CAT</em> or <em>SOD2</em>. Total protein content was not affected by any NP treatment. Further assessment of the effects of SiO₂NPs revealed fewer observed mines, reduced larval survival, leading to a reduction in the number of emerging adults at 400 mg/L, delay in mine appearance, pupariation, and adult emergence at varying concentrations, and visible wing deformities; the LC₅₀ of SiO₂NPs was estimated to be 550 mg/L. Ultimately, because the preapplication of TiO₂ and Ag NPs on <em>P. vulgaris</em> increased the body size (wing length) of emerging adult leafminers, compared to the largely negative effects of SiO₂NPs, plant-mediated chronic exposure to TiO₂ and Ag NPs at sublethal concentrations may increase rather than decrease the performance of phytophagous insects. Our results have important implications for the use of NPs in the management of internal feeders and other insect pests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selenium nano bio-enrichment of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.): Impacts on physiological characteristics and seed quality at the greenhouse and semi-natural conditions","authors":"Najmeh Kamali-Andani ,&nbsp;Sina Fallah ,&nbsp;Jose R. Peralta-Videa","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selenium (Se) biofortification, as an important strategy to reduce hidden hunger levels by increasing the nutritional quality of crops, has been previously investigated in very few studies. This research aimed to understand how selenium nanoparticles (SeNP) affect the growth and physiological parameters of the mung bean plants (<em>Vigna radiata</em> L.) and the selenium biofortification of mung bean seeds. Plants grown in greenhouse and semi-natural conditions were sprayed with SeNP at concentrations of 25, 50, and 75 mg/L, 48 and 43 days after planting. In the greenhouse conditions, 94 days after germination, intracellular changes, antioxidant enzymes, photosynthetic pigments, and biomass were evaluated. In semi-natural conditions, the effects of SeNP on the yield and quality of mung beans were determined. In the greenhouse, 25 and 50 mg/L concentrations significantly raised SOD activity by 26.9 % and 36.9 % compared with the control (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05), but not in the semi-natural conditions. At 50 mg/L, the dry matter significantly increased in both conditions by 10 % compared with the control (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05). Additionally, such concentration increased seed yield compared with the control (243 %; <em>p</em> ≤ 0.05). At 75 mg/L, plants grown in the greenhouse had the intracellular structure destroyed, reduced chlorophyll <em>a</em> and dry matter accumulation by 30.6 % and 15.9 % compared with the control (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05). Conversely, there were no signs of stress under semi-natural conditions, and the dry matter and grain yield significantly enhanced compared with the control (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05). The concentrations of 50 and 75 mg SeNP/L did not affect the levels of P and K in the grains; however, it resulted in a reduction in the amount of Fe and Zn while simultaneously increasing the Se content (by 629 and 1053 %; <em>p</em> ≤ 0.05). The results suggest that nano selenium application may be a promising option for Se enrichment of food supply for people with Se deficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}