Plant Nano Biology最新文献

{"title":"Next generation nanobioformulation: A fascinating field for smart and sustainable agriculture","authors":"Yukti Chandervanshi,&nbsp;Pooja Mandal,&nbsp;Sakshi Tewari","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural sustainability is increasingly threatened by human activities, highlighting the urgent need for eco-friendly alternatives to current practices. While nanotechnology has introduced innovative solutions, the widespread use of chemically synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) raises long-term environmental concerns. The review highlights the coupling of biologically synthesized NPs with biological moieties, such as plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs), and embellishing them with carriers for designing next-generation nanobioformulations (NBFs). To the best of our knowledge, no inclusive review has compiled insights on the technological advancements for plant stimulation, stress mitigation, and pathogen suppression with respect to NBFs. This article fills these gaps and offer a novel and comprehensive insights into the subject of next-generation NBFs by combining the advantages of nanotechnology + bioformulation research. Additionally, integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) for predictive analysis and real-time monitoring in NBFs research can significantly improve agronomic precision, leading to intelligent and eco-conscious farming approaches. Information generated from AI-powered sensors, drones, big data analytics, and machine learning (ML) algorithms can help researchers working in the area of NBFs to customize the products according to the requirements and mitigate existing constraints in agricultural systems. The advance solutions provided by commercially available nanobioproducts can enhance efficiency, ensure environmental safety, and enable targeted agricultural applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100191"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing nanotechnology and bio-based agents: Advanced strategies for sustainable soybean nematode management","authors":"Giovanna Moura Silva ,&nbsp;Estefânia Vangelie Ramos Campos ,&nbsp;Felipe Franco de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Jéssica de Souza Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Patrícia Luiza de Freitas Proença ,&nbsp;Adriano Arrué Melo ,&nbsp;Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soybean (<em>Glycine max</em> L.) is an economically important crop that is widely used in livestock feed and industrial applications ranging from pharmaceuticals to bio-based materials. However, its productivity is threatened by plant-parasitic nematodes that cause root damage and facilitate secondary infections, resulting in estimated annual losses of USD 157 billion worldwide. Although widely used, the use of traditional nematicides is increasingly restricted owing to their environmental toxicity, low efficacy, and health risks. Consequently, eco-friendly alternatives, particularly those based on phytochemicals and microbial agents, have been developed. Recent advances in nanotechnology have enhanced the delivery, stability, and specificity of bio-based agents. This review explores the state-of-the-art strategies that integrate nanotechnology with natural nematicidal compounds and biological control agents for sustainable nematode management in soybeans. Emphasis was placed on the mechanisms of action, synergistic approaches, and the challenges associated with transitioning to field-scale applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100195"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic role of Foliar-Applied Nano-Fertilizer enhances drought tolerance in cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)","authors":"Javaria Munir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Nazim ,&nbsp;Nadia Jabeen ,&nbsp;Muqarrab Ali ,&nbsp;Anis Ali Shah ,&nbsp;Haider Sultan","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought stress during the reproductive stage critically reduces the productivity of cluster bean (<em>Cyamopsis tetragonoloba</em> L.) in arid regions. This study evaluated the effectiveness of foliar-applied nano-fertilizers as a sustainable strategy to improve drought tolerance and maintain cluser bean yield. A field experiment was conducted in June 2022 at MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan, using two genotypes (BR-2017 and BR-2021) under different irrigation regimes. Treatments included nano-Potassium (2470 gm/ha), nano-Zinc (1235 gm/ha), nano-Boron (930 gm/ha), and their combined application (825, 415, and 310 gm/ha, respectively). The experiment followed a split-plot RCBD design with three replications. BR-2021 showed superior performance, especially with the combined nano-fertilizer treatment, resulting in notable increases in plant height (30.3 %), pods per plant (1.5 %), pod yield (7.31 %), 100-seed weight (12.4 %), photosynthetic rate (4.44 %), and protein content (7.34 %) compared to the skipped irrigation with control. Under water deficit, K, Zn, and B nano-fertilizers improved photosynthesis rate by 7.12 %, 13.2 %, and 16.34 % in BR-2021 and by 39.2 %, 37.4 %, and 40.3 % in BR-2017, respectively. Transpiration rates also increased slightly across treatments. Overall, BR-2021 showed better performance than BR-2017 in key agronomic and physiological parameters. These findings revealed that the potential of nano-fertilizers as an eco-friendly and effective tool for enhancing drought resilience and sustaining cluster bean productivity under limited water availability, thereby contributing to climate-resilient and resource-efficient agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-emerging strategy of nano-sulphur fertilization: A pathway to sustainable and climate resilient agriculture","authors":"Adhi Singh ,&nbsp;Gayatri Kumawat ,&nbsp;Ajay Kumar ,&nbsp;Kailash Chand Kumawat","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulphur (S) is an essential macro-nutrient, vital for synthesis of protein, enzymatic activity, and stress tolerance in various agricultural crops. However, widespread sulphur deficiencies due to intensive agriculture practices and declining atmospheric deposition have necessitated innovative nutrient delivery systems. Nano-sulphur (NS) fertilizers, comprising elemental sulphur particles below 100 nm, represent a promising alternative to conventional sulphur fertilizers for efficient nutrient uptakes. This review critically examines the synthesis techniques such as chemical, physical, and biological—used to produce sulphur nanoparticles (SNPs), along with their physic-chemical properties and agronomic benefits. NS significantly improves sulphur bio-availability, enhances chlorophyll content through photosynthesis activities, promotes shoot and root development, boosts systemic acquired resistance, and facilitates heavy metal immobilization in contaminated soils. It also exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against soil borne phyto-pathogens, offering an eco-friendly alternative to different agro-chemicals. Moreover, SNPs interact with rhizospheric microbial diversity to improve nutrient cycling and soil health, contributing to higher crop productivity and improved soil fertility. Despite these advantages, challenges remain in terms of manufacturing scalability, cost-effectiveness, environmental safety, and regulatory approval. The review identifies critical knowledge gaps, including the need for omics-based analyses, long-term eco-toxicological studies, and field-scale validation across agro-ecological zones. It advocates for interdisciplinary research and policy support to overcome commercialization barriers for Nano-sulphur (NS) fertilizers. Nano-sulphur holds immense potential to revolutionize nutrient management, enhance crop productivity, and support sustainable, climate-resilient agriculture. Strategic integration of nanotechnology into current agricultural systems could offer transformative solutions to address global food security and environmental challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic insights in to biocompatible-metal nanoparticles in modulating soil enzyme and its convergence in soil health improvement","authors":"Sudhir Kumar Upadhyay ,&nbsp;Prasann Kumar ,&nbsp;Vishnu D. Rajput ,&nbsp;Saglara S. Mandzhieva ,&nbsp;Tatiana Minkina","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thriving agriculture depends on healthy soil, influencing nutrient cycling, microbial diversity, and enzyme activity. Chemical contaminants and intensive agricultural methods have led to significant soil degradation. Emerging as a practical method for restoring soil microbial balance and increasing enzyme activity using metal-based biocompatible nanoparticles (B-NPs). We summarize the molecular processes of B-NPs, specifically ZnO, Fe₂O₃, Ag, and CuO, that regulate soil enzymatic activity-mediated microbial populations and their interaction with soil, including the effects of B-NP size, surface charge, and dissolution tendency. Microbial respiration, enhanced favourable microbial diversity, and activation of key enzymatic activities, such as dehydrogenase, urease, and phosphatase, all of which are required for the nitrogen and phosphate cycles at ideal concentrations, were improved by B-NPs. Together with the potential of B-NPs in improving soil structure, nutrient bioavailability, and microbial metabolism to mitigate environmental issues, the possible ecological consequences were also thoroughly explored, while stressing the potential advantages of metal nanoparticles in enhancing soil fertility. This review suggests a future perspective for addressing potential ecotoxicity and bioaccumulation issues, emphasizing the optimization of B-NPs formulations, elucidating molecular interactions, and establishing control mechanisms for safe and sustainable use in soil health management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100186"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological, metabolic and ionomic responses of Solanum lycopersicum plants to Fe3O4 and FePO4 nanoparticles","authors":"Valerio Petruccelli ,&nbsp;Emanuele Vaccarella ,&nbsp;Emma Cocco ,&nbsp;Francesco Mura ,&nbsp;Domenico Rosa ,&nbsp;Alessio Talone ,&nbsp;Martina Iazzetta ,&nbsp;Chiara Dal Bosco ,&nbsp;Alessandra Gentili ,&nbsp;Luca Di Palma ,&nbsp;Silvia Canepari ,&nbsp;Gabriella Pasqua ,&nbsp;Elisa Brasili ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Massimi","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fe₃O₄ (NPS-M) and FePO₄ (NPS-P) nanoparticles, as representative magnetic materials, have been widely used in the industrial and biomedical fields, although their use in agriculture still needs to be evaluated. The effect of NPS-M and NPS-P in tomato plants was investigated by a combination of phenotypic and metabolic approaches. Tomato plants were grown in soil treated with NPS-M and NPS-P at 0, 5, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 ppm for 8 months. Plant biomass, phenolics and carotenoids in leaves and fruits, soil pH, chlorophyll, and ionome of soil, fruits, roots and leaves, were analysed. NPS-M and NPS-P at higher concentrations increased biomass, total chlorophyll and carotenoid levels in leaves compared to controls. NPS-P caused the major soil acidification, making some nutrients more available to the roots. Although no significant differences were observed in fruit carotenoids, a significant increase in chlorogenic and luteone hexoside levels was observed after NPs treatment at low concentrations compared to controls. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) revealed that both NPs compared to EDTA-based chelators resulted in differential element accumulation in roots, leaves/fruits. EDTA-based treatments increased leaf accumulation of Cr, As, K, P, while both NPs increased leaf accumulation of Ca, Co, Sr, Ti, V. Fruit accumulation of Ca, K, and Rb was higher with NPs, while Na, Mg, and P were higher with EDTA-based chelators. The obtained results offer new insights into the response of tomato plants to NPS-M and NPS-P exposure and could be useful for designing alternative strategies to the use of commercial fertilizers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofunctionalized sulfur nanoparticles alleviate salinity-induced physio-oxidative damage by maintaining ionic homeostasis and modulating rhizosphere bacterial community in tomato","authors":"Natasha Manzoor ,&nbsp;Liaqat Ali ,&nbsp;Mingxin Liu ,&nbsp;Jiandong Sheng ,&nbsp;Gang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinization reduces crop yields and threatens agricultural productivity worldwide. This study investigated the potential of biogenically synthesized sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) using neem leaf extract to mitigate salinity stress in tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> L.) plants. The spherical SNPs, ranging 18–30 nm in size, were characterized using UV–visible spectrophotometry, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM analyses. A greenhouse experiment demonstrated that SNPs (200 mg kg⁻¹) significantly improved plant growth (20.3 %), dry weight (33.0 %), and root length (32.0 %) compared to the control. SNPs application enhanced the chlorophyll a (16.9 %) and b (22.1 %), photosynthetic rate (34.0 %), and water use efficiency (44.0 %). SNPs amendments also led to the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (24.8 %), peroxidase (25.9 %), catalase (30.5 %) and ascorbate peroxidase (80.0 %), consequently reduced ROS activity and oxidative stress compared to plants treated with L-NaCl control. SNPs amendments restored the ionic homeostasis through reduced the Na⁺ accumulation and improved K⁺ uptake. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that SNPs preserved chloroplast integrity and cell membranes under salinity. High-throughput sequencing results showed that SNPs positively modulated rhizosphere microbial communities, enriching beneficial bacteria like <em>Proteobacteria</em> and <em>Thiobacillus</em>. These findings demonstrate that biogenic SNPs offer a sustainable, eco-friendly approach for managing salinity stress in tomato cultivation, enhancing both plant resilience and soil health through improved plant-microbe interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing carbon nanotubes for enhanced plant growth and sustainable agriculture: Opportunities and challenges","authors":"Maharudra Pratap Singh ,&nbsp;Ahmad Gazali ,&nbsp;Om Prakash ,&nbsp;Priti Pal ,&nbsp;Akhilesh Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Anand Prakash ,&nbsp;Prakash Kumar Sarangi ,&nbsp;Uttam Kumar Sahoo ,&nbsp;Ram Prasad ,&nbsp;Sashi Sonkar","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable agriculture is a pivotal strategy for addressing global food security challenges while minimizing environmental impacts. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a promising nanotechnological intervention in sustainable agricultural practices due to their unique physicochemical properties, including nanoscale dimensions, high surface area, remarkable mechanical strength, and superior thermal conductivity. Researchers are actively exploring the incorporation of CNTs into fertilizers, pesticides, and plant growth regulators to enhance nutrient uptake, improve plant resilience to abiotic stress, and reduce the ecological footprint of agricultural activities. By facilitating controlled nutrient release, CNTs ensure the sustained and efficient delivery of essential minerals and nutrients to crops. Moreover, their integration has demonstrated potential in augmenting water retention, enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, and improving plant tolerance to stressors such as salinity, drought, and heavy metal toxicity. Despite these advantages, the practical deployment of CNTs in agriculture faces notable challenges, including toxicity, environmental persistence, and potential risks to human health and ecosystems. Further, high production costs and scalability limitations also present significant barriers to their widespread adoption. To harness the full potential of CNTs in agriculture, it is crucial to develop cost-effective synthesis methods and conduct comprehensive safety evaluations. As an innovative tool for sustainable agriculture, CNTs offer substantial promise in mitigating environmental impacts and enhancing global food security. Continued research is essential to refine their applications, address associated risks, and ensure long-term viability in agricultural systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100178"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of nanoparticles for targeted management of pests, pathogens and disease of plants","authors":"Abdulrazaq Izuafa ,&nbsp;Konjerimam Ishaku Chimbekujwo ,&nbsp;Ramat Onyenoyiza Raji ,&nbsp;Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole ,&nbsp;Rasheed Olakitan Oyewale ,&nbsp;Olabisi Peter Abioye","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pest and disease infestations pose a significant threat to global food security, drastically lowering plant health and agricultural productivity. Conventional pest management methods, primary reliant on chemical pesticides and fertilizers, often present limited long-term effectiveness and are associated with significant environmental and health risks. In response to these challenges, nanotechnology has arisen as a revolutionary instrument in modern agriculture. Nanoparticles (NPs) have unique physical and chemical properties such as high surface area, adjustable surface charge, and controlled release patterns. These properties enable precise delivery of farm chemicals to specific plant tissues or pest targets. This approach improves effectiveness and reduces unintended environmental exposure. Nanoparticles application in the form of nanofertilizers and nanopesticides provides a sustainable alternative to traditional agricultural inputs, offering controlled release, increased bioavailability, and decreased toxicity. This method not only promotes pest and disease control in plants but reduce toxicity. This review explores the role of nanoparticles in pest and disease managements, their mechanisms of action, and their potential contributions to environmental conservation and agricultural sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnesium oxide nanoparticles improved biochemical and antioxidant parameters of radish to induce salt stress tolerance","authors":"Ayushi Gautam ,&nbsp;Vineet Kumar ,&nbsp;Praveen Guleria","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radish is a biochemically enriched root-grown vegetable, consumed around the globe. However, radish productivity is significantly hampered by soil salinity, necessitating sustainable mitigation strategies. Nanomaterials are identified as a potential replacement for chemical fertilizers to target sustainable agricultural productivity. However, each type of nanomaterial needs to be experimentally evaluated for its influence on plant types. Given this, we document the growth-promoting effect of biologically synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) via nanopriming on radish growth. MgO-NPs induced a notable increase of 65 % in shoot elongation and 93 % in total chlorophyll level of radish, respectively. Likewise, the carbohydrate level was increased by 24 % on nanopriming. MgO-NPs considerably decreased the protein precipitable tannins by 95 % to the control, thus inducing 94 % increase in the protein accumulation of radish. Furthermore, nanopriming induced 50 % increase in total phenolics, 493 % increase in flavonoids, and a 22 % enhancement in the free radical scavenging potential of radish, thus collectively reducing the oxidative stress by 75 % compared to the control. Further, MgO-NPs-primed radish plants showed significantly enhanced salt stress tolerance than non-treated control plants. Nanopriming was observed to induce an increase of 53 and 10 % in the level of carbohydrates and proteins of salt-stressed radish. Likewise, the antioxidant enzyme activities and non-enzymatic polyphenolics were enhanced by 16–60 and 33–34 % on MgO-NPs priming of salt-stressed radish. Therefore, MgO-NPs enhanced the antioxidant potential and carbohydrates and protein levels contributing to the observed salt stress tolerance in radish. Hence, the present study documents the efficacy of biologically synthesized MgO-NPs applied through seed nano priming in specifically alleviating salt stress via enhancing biochemical resilience in radish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}