Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere最新文献_第8页

Phenomenological validation of a regional rainfall frequency analysis 区域降雨频率分析的现象学验证

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00064-8

A. Parodi , G. Boni

引用次数: 3

Measuring, observing and pattern recognition of sediment transport in an armoured river using a sampler with attached underwater camera 用带水下摄像机的采样器测量、观察和模式识别装甲河流中沉积物的迁移

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)85015-2

H.D. Duizendstra

{"title":"Measuring, observing and pattern recognition of sediment transport in an armoured river using a sampler with attached underwater camera","authors":"H.D. Duizendstra","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)85015-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)85015-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In a small part of the Meuse, the only gravel bed river in the Netherlands, bed load transport cannot be measured from a measuring vessel because of the large flow velocities at flood discharges. Since 1994 these measurements were carried out from bridges by means of a truck with a winch. The first measurements were carried out with a Helley-Smith sampler and since 1997 the BTMA-2 sampler was used. The measurements of the bed load transport at the flood discharge of 2770 m<sup>3</sup>/s proved these measurements could be carried out for the entire range of discharges (Fig. 1). <figure><img></figure></p><p>On top of both samplers an underwater camera was attached by which pictures of the river bed and the inflowing bed load were taken and stored on a video tape. The combination of the measurements with pictures of the river bed give an explanation of the complex morphological behaviour of the Common Meuse at varying discharges due to the building of an armour layer. The latest measurements of the bed load transport (1998) show the timeshift between maximum discharge and maximum bed load transport as shown earlier in laboratory experiments (Klaassen, 1987).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 59-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)85015-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75383767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

BALTEX precipitation analysis: results from the BRIDGE preparation phase BALTEX沉淀分析:BRIDGE制备阶段的结果

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00025-9

F. Rubel , M. Hantel

{"title":"BALTEX precipitation analysis: results from the BRIDGE preparation phase","authors":"F. Rubel , M. Hantel","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00025-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00025-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Baltic Sea Experiment (BALTEX) is the European contribution to the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX). During the preparation phase of the BALTEX main experiment BRIDGE a <em>Precipitation Correction and Analysis</em> (PCA) model has been designed and was tested using 3 years (August 1995 – December 1998) of about 4 000 rain gauge observations collected by the BALTEX Meteorological Data Centre (BMDC). The PCA model consists of two parts: (1) a bias correction and (2) a geostatistical module. The dynamic bias correction reduces the systematic underestimation of the rain gauges due to wind-induced, evaporation and wetting losses taking instrument-specific properties as well as additional information from synoptic observations into account. The mean correction factor has a maximum in February (1.25 – 1.50) and a minimum in August (1.02 – 1.05). The geostatistical module of the PCA model consists of an ordinary block kriging algorithm to estimate area averaged precipitation values on the grid of the meso-scale model REMO (spatial resolution: <span><math><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>6</mtext></math></span> degree or 18 km). Results, to be operationally produced during BRIDGE, will be daily, monthly and annual meso-scale precipitation fields based on quality checked, bias corrected rain gauge measurements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 5","pages":"Pages 397-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00025-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73802375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Bird identification on 1290-MHz wind profiler data applying neural networks and neurofuzzy systems 应用神经网络和神经模糊系统对1290-MHz风廓线数据进行鸟类识别

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00237-9

H. Richner, R. Kretzschmar

引用次数: 5

Ground based remote profiling of the atmosphere: Demands, prospects and status 地面遥感大气剖面:需求、前景与现状

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00236-7

G. Peters

引用次数: 1

Quantitative estimation of surface ozone observation and forecast errors 地面臭氧观测和预报误差的定量估计

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00082-X

S. Tilmes

引用次数: 8

Impact of Documented Land Use Changes on the Surface Albedo and Evapotranspiration in a Plain Watershed 土地利用变化对平原流域地表反照率和蒸散的影响

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00055-7

J. Mika, Sz. Horváth, L. Makra

引用次数: 15

Bias correction of global daily rain gauge measurements 全球日雨量计测量值的偏差校正

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00027-2

M. Ungersböck , F. Rubel , T. Fuchs , B. Rudolf

{"title":"Bias correction of global daily rain gauge measurements","authors":"M. Ungersböck , F. Rubel , T. Fuchs , B. Rudolf","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00027-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00027-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Up to the present global precipitation climatologies based on rain gauges have been corrected for systematic measurement errors using monthly correction factors only. We present results from a statistical correction model for daily measurements. It was developed in the framework of BALTEX and adapted for the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) to correct global daily rain gauge data routinely transmitted via GTS. We focus on regions of the GEWEX continental scale experiments BALTEX (Europe), GAME (Asia), LBA (South-America) and GCIP (North- America). The correction model was applied to 2 years of data (1996, 1997) and compared with the correction factors of the widely used precipitation climatology of Legates (1987). In the BALTEX region our averaged daily correction factor is about equal to the monthly correction given by Legates during the summer months, while Legates estimated higher corrections for snow (up to 50 %). In the regions of GAME and LBA the corrections given by Legates are also generally higher (50 – 100 %) than our corrections. This is opposite to the corrections calculated for GCIP rain gauges, which are not significantly different.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 5","pages":"Pages 411-414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00027-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73122311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Assessing the effects of land use changes on floods in the meuse and oder catchment 评估土地利用变化对默斯河流域洪水的影响

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00054-5

A. Roo, M. Odijk, G. Schmuck, E. Koster, A. Lucieer

引用次数: 149

Interactive vegetation modelling at a regional scale: application to the adour basin 区域尺度上的互动植被模拟:在adour盆地的应用

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00038-7

S. Voirin, J.-C. Calvet, F. Habets, Noilhan

{"title":"Interactive vegetation modelling at a regional scale: application to the adour basin","authors":"S. Voirin, J.-C. Calvet, F. Habets, Noilhan","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00038-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00038-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ISBA (Interactions between Soil Biosphere and Atmosphere) SVAT model was modified to include a representation of interactive vegetation. A parameterization of <em>CO</em><sub>2</sub> assimilation was introduced, the photosynthesis process was parameterized as a function of vegetation physiological properties and environmental conditions. Thereby, the canopy stomatal resistance is described in a more realistic way than in the initial version. A growth model was used to compute Leaf Area Index (LAI) evolution instead of prescribing it from satellite data without taking into account possible climate changes and their consequences on plant development. In this paper, the “ISBA-A-gs” modified model is tested at the regional scale in the Adour basin. For this purpose it was necessary to calibrate three parameters for each land cover type (mainly coniferous forest, summer and winter crops): the mesophyll conductance, the maximum turnover time of leaves and an effective biomass per LAI ratio. This work has been followed by a long term simulation (1986–1995), where the surface scheme was coupled with a distributed hydrological model. The results were compared to those obtained with the “standard version”, <em>i.e</em> ISBA without A-gs. For the whole period, the simulated LAI was lower than the prescribed one, which decreased evaporation (10 to 15 % less with A-gs) and led to a better simulation of streamflow on both crop and forest areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 5","pages":"Pages 479-484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00038-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74832894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12