Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere最新文献

Modeling water flow and mass transport in a loess catchment 黄土流域水流和物质输运模拟

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00041-7

E. Zehe, T. Maurer, J. Ihringer, E. Plate

引用次数: 120

Development of an integrated water resources management system in southern african catchments 在南部非洲集水区发展综合水资源管理系统

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00050-8

H. Staudenrausch, W.A. Flügel

{"title":"Development of an integrated water resources management system in southern african catchments","authors":"H. Staudenrausch, W.A. Flügel","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00050-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00050-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water resources management is a contentious challenge in Southern Africa. Scarce resources, often poor quality, unfavourable temporal and spatial distribution and competing stakeholders characterise the water resources in this region. The following general objectives and techniques are investigated: (a) Development of dynamic water balance and erosion models for three study catchments using remotely sensed and other data, (b) assessment of water demand and usage of the different user sectors and stakeholders, (c) design and simulation of “What if?” scenarios to investigate trends and interactions of the complex water resources planning process, and (d) development and implementation of strategies to solve water allocation conflicts. The product of the project, the prototype IWRMS, is an innovative computer based toolset designed as an assembly of tested, validated and well documented procedures comprising techniques of database management, remote sensing, GIS, process modelling, decision support and implementation strategies. The modelling results and first prototype installations in Southern Africa show the applicability of this system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 7","pages":"Pages 561-564"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00050-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73081210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

River flow forecasting using artificial neural networks 基于人工神经网络的河流流量预测

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)85005-X

Y.B. Dibike, D.P. Solomatine

{"title":"River flow forecasting using artificial neural networks","authors":"Y.B. Dibike, D.P. Solomatine","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)85005-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)85005-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>River flow forecasting is required to provide basic information on a wide range of problems related to the design and operation of river systems. The availability of extended records of rainfall and other climatic data, which could be used to obtain stream flow data, initiated the practice of rainfall-runoff modelling. While conceptual or physically-based models are of importance in the understanding of hydrological processes, there are many practical situations where the main concern is with making accurate predictions at specific locations. In such situation it is preferred to implement a simple “black box” (data-driven, or machine learning) model to identify a direct mapping between the inputs and outputs without detailed consideration of the internal structure of the physical process. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) is probably the most successful machine learning technique with flexible mathematical structure which is capable of identifying complex non-linear relationships between input and output data without attempting to reach understanding as to the nature of the phenomena. In this study the applicability of ANNs for downstream flow forecasting in the Apure river basin (Venezuela) was investigated. Two types of ANN architectures, namely multi-layer perceptron network (MLP) and a radial basis function network (RBF) were implemented. The performances of these networks were compared with a conceptual rainfall-runoff model and they were found to be slightly better for this river flow-forecasting problem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)85005-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78995045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 195

Lead isotopic ratios in European atmospheric aerosols 欧洲大气气溶胶中的铅同位素比率

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00094-6

A. Bollhöfer, K.J.R. Rosman

引用次数: 33

Assessment of green water flows to sustain major biomes of the world: Implications for future ecohydrological landscape management 维持世界主要生物群落的绿色水流评估:对未来生态水文景观管理的影响

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00096-X

J Rockström , L Gordon

{"title":"Assessment of green water flows to sustain major biomes of the world: Implications for future ecohydrological landscape management","authors":"J Rockström , L Gordon","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00096-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00096-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Global freshwater assessments tend to focus primarily on water flow in perennial rivers, lakes, and groundwater, so called blue water in the hydrological cycle. Little attention is paid to the role of green water, or vapour flows, in sustaining the generation of terrestrial ecosystem services, including biomass production. Ecosystem services (such as carbon sequestration, nutrient retention, pollination and pest control) are generated by ecological processes in different biomes of the World and essential for socio-economic development. In this paper we critically assess the limitations of the past blue water bias for future ecohydrological landscape management. We present results from an effort of quantifying continental green water fluxes for major terrestrial biomes indicating that the large biomes, generating essential ecosystem services depend on more than 90 % of the total average terrestrial return flow of green water to the atmosphere. The paper discusses the future implications of such large dependence on green water fluxes, and options of improving efficiency in water resources management. It points at the need of avoiding sectoral management and calls for an ecohydrological landscape management based on both ecological and hydrological knowledge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 11","pages":"Pages 843-851"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00096-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80780751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 92

Modelling of summer photochemical smog in the prague region 布拉格地区夏季光化学烟雾的模拟

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00229-X

J Bednář, J Brechler, T Halenka, J Kopáček

引用次数: 12

Establishment of a harmonized tool for calculating river discharge and nitrogen loads from unmonitored areas in Denmark 建立一个统一的工具，用于计算丹麦未监测地区的河流流量和氮负荷

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00058-2

D.-I. Müller-Wohlfeil , B. Kronvang , S.E. Larsen , N.B. Ovesen , F. Wendland

{"title":"Establishment of a harmonized tool for calculating river discharge and nitrogen loads from unmonitored areas in Denmark","authors":"D.-I. Müller-Wohlfeil , B. Kronvang , S.E. Larsen , N.B. Ovesen , F. Wendland","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00058-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00058-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The main objective of the present study is to detect and assess empirical relationships between river discharge and catchment characteristics to support the simulation of nitrogen losses on the regional and national scale. The empirical model derived provides the basis for a comprehensive and harmonized tool for the calculation of annual river discharge and nutrient loads from 49 Danish catchments to coastal waters. The model was applied for the years 1994 and 1995. Results from this application indicate that the simulated values are generally lower than the corresponding values from previous estimations. The main explanation is that precipitation as the most important model parameter shows a distinct gradient towards the coastal areas. This gradient has not been considered by the previously applied regional methods. Although the model results are generally reasonable, improvements are necessary, particularly with respect to the representation of subsurface properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 7","pages":"Pages 617-622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00058-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84068363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Distributed sediment and phosporus transport modeling on a medium sized catchment in central germany 德国中部一个中型集水区分布泥沙和磷输运模型

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00061-2

M. Rode, K.-E. Lindenschmidt

{"title":"Distributed sediment and phosporus transport modeling on a medium sized catchment in central germany","authors":"M. Rode, K.-E. Lindenschmidt","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00061-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00061-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Current research suggests that strategies to control nitrogen as well as sediment and phosphorus loss from nonpoint sources should focus on different runoff components and their spatial and temporal variation within the catchment. Therefore nonpoint source models, especially in humid climatic regions, should consider variable hydrological active source areas. These models should also be able to consider runoff generation by saturated overland flow as well as Horton overland flow. A combination of the hydrologic model WaSiM-ETH and the erosion and P-transport model AGNPS Version 5 was chosen for this study. The models were run in the WaSiM-ETH runoff generation mode (Topmodel and Green a. Ampt approach) and the SCS curve number mode, modified by Lutz (1984), to assess these different runoff calculation procedures. A medium sized catchment in the lower Hessian uplands of Germany was selected for the present investigation. The results show that the combined Topmodel/Green and Ampt runoff approach produce reasonabe results for the simulation of runoff volume for single runoff events at the catchment outlet. The more physically based model approach computed a much more realistic distribution of runoff and P yield producing areas than the SCS curve number method, modified by Lutz (1984). Reasonable results were achieved for sediment yield calculations. Particulate P calculations showed larger deviations between measured and calculated values.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 7","pages":"Pages 635-640"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00061-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84601137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Long term evaluation of the ozone forecast by an Eulerian model 欧拉模式对臭氧预报的长期评价

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00085-5

J. Flemming, E. Reimer, R. Stern

引用次数: 7

Hydrological modelling of the Saone basin sensitivity to the soil model 索恩河流域水文模拟敏感性土壤模型

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00036-3

D. Thiéry, N. Amraoui

引用次数: 6