Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere最新文献_第2页

Assessment of green water flows to sustain major biomes of the world: Implications for future ecohydrological landscape management 维持世界主要生物群落的绿色水流评估:对未来生态水文景观管理的影响

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00096-X

J Rockström , L Gordon

{"title":"Assessment of green water flows to sustain major biomes of the world: Implications for future ecohydrological landscape management","authors":"J Rockström , L Gordon","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00096-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00096-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Global freshwater assessments tend to focus primarily on water flow in perennial rivers, lakes, and groundwater, so called blue water in the hydrological cycle. Little attention is paid to the role of green water, or vapour flows, in sustaining the generation of terrestrial ecosystem services, including biomass production. Ecosystem services (such as carbon sequestration, nutrient retention, pollination and pest control) are generated by ecological processes in different biomes of the World and essential for socio-economic development. In this paper we critically assess the limitations of the past blue water bias for future ecohydrological landscape management. We present results from an effort of quantifying continental green water fluxes for major terrestrial biomes indicating that the large biomes, generating essential ecosystem services depend on more than 90 % of the total average terrestrial return flow of green water to the atmosphere. The paper discusses the future implications of such large dependence on green water fluxes, and options of improving efficiency in water resources management. It points at the need of avoiding sectoral management and calls for an ecohydrological landscape management based on both ecological and hydrological knowledge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 11","pages":"Pages 843-851"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00096-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80780751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 92

Distributed sediment and phosporus transport modeling on a medium sized catchment in central germany 德国中部一个中型集水区分布泥沙和磷输运模型

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-07-13 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00061-2

M. Rode, K.-E. Lindenschmidt

{"title":"Distributed sediment and phosporus transport modeling on a medium sized catchment in central germany","authors":"M. Rode, K.-E. Lindenschmidt","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00061-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00061-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Current research suggests that strategies to control nitrogen as well as sediment and phosphorus loss from nonpoint sources should focus on different runoff components and their spatial and temporal variation within the catchment. Therefore nonpoint source models, especially in humid climatic regions, should consider variable hydrological active source areas. These models should also be able to consider runoff generation by saturated overland flow as well as Horton overland flow. A combination of the hydrologic model WaSiM-ETH and the erosion and P-transport model AGNPS Version 5 was chosen for this study. The models were run in the WaSiM-ETH runoff generation mode (Topmodel and Green a. Ampt approach) and the SCS curve number mode, modified by Lutz (1984), to assess these different runoff calculation procedures. A medium sized catchment in the lower Hessian uplands of Germany was selected for the present investigation. The results show that the combined Topmodel/Green and Ampt runoff approach produce reasonabe results for the simulation of runoff volume for single runoff events at the catchment outlet. The more physically based model approach computed a much more realistic distribution of runoff and P yield producing areas than the SCS curve number method, modified by Lutz (1984). Reasonable results were achieved for sediment yield calculations. Particulate P calculations showed larger deviations between measured and calculated values.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 7","pages":"Pages 635-640"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00061-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84601137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Modelling sediment transfer in Malawi: comparing backpropagation neural network solutions against a multiple linear regression benchmark using small data sets 马拉维泥沙转移建模:使用小数据集比较反向传播神经网络解决方案与多元线性回归基准

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)85008-5

R.J. Abrahart , S.M. White

引用次数: 87

Modelling long-term trends in UK sulphur deposition 模拟英国硫沉积的长期趋势

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00090-9

D.S. Lee, R.D. Kingdon

{"title":"Modelling long-term trends in UK sulphur deposition","authors":"D.S. Lee, R.D. Kingdon","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00090-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00090-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>On the UK-scale, sulphur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) dry deposition has declined at a faster rate than SO<sub>2</sub> emissions, but S wet deposition has declined at a slower rate than emissions. Three hypotheses have been put forward to explain this non-linear response to changes in emissions: changes in the effective release height of emissions; oxidation of SO<sub>2</sub> may have been oxidant limited in previous years; the canopy resistance of SO<sub>2</sub> has changed in response to changing ammonia concentrations. Of these three hypotheses, the first has been tested here using a 10-layer Lagrangian acid deposition model. The model reproduced the rate of decline of observed total S deposition but not the magnitude. The mismatch in magnitude between modelled and observed UK S deposition is consistent with the model framework and its limitations. More importantly, the model did not reproduce the changes in the proportions of wet and dry deposition to the UK that have been observed using two different sets of UK emission data. The UK-derived emissions data show a small increase in the proportion of low-level SO<sub>2</sub> sources to the total and a small decrease in proportion of the high-level SO<sub>2</sub> sources over the period 1989–1994. These changes are not apparently consistent with observed changes in SO<sub>2</sub> concentrations nor changes in wet and dry S deposition. Thus, it is unsurprising that the modelling does not simulate the observed changes in fractions of wet and dry deposition. The current constraints of the modelling and the emissions data have the consequence that future scenarios of rates of change of total S deposition may be optimistic for locations that are dominated by wet deposition, remote from sources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 10","pages":"Pages 813-817"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00090-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86517106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Lead isotopic ratios in European atmospheric aerosols 欧洲大气气溶胶中的铅同位素比率

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00094-6

A. Bollhöfer, K.J.R. Rosman

引用次数: 33

Modelling of summer photochemical smog in the prague region 布拉格地区夏季光化学烟雾的模拟

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00229-X

J Bednář, J Brechler, T Halenka, J Kopáček

引用次数: 12

Long term evaluation of the ozone forecast by an Eulerian model 欧拉模式对臭氧预报的长期评价

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00085-5

J. Flemming, E. Reimer, R. Stern

引用次数: 7

Lagrangian transport of particles in Ria de Aveiro lagoon, Portugal 葡萄牙Ria de Aveiro泻湖中粒子的拉格朗日输运

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00076-4

J.M. Dias , J.F. Lopes , I. Dekeyser

引用次数: 0

The semi-arid integrated model (SIM), a regional integrated model assessing water availability, vulnerability of ecosystems and society in NE-Brazil 半干旱综合模型(SIM):一个评估巴西东北部水资源可得性、生态系统和社会脆弱性的区域综合模型

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-07-13 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00045-4

M.S Krol, A Jaeger, A Bronstert, J Krywkow

{"title":"The semi-arid integrated model (SIM), a regional integrated model assessing water availability, vulnerability of ecosystems and society in NE-Brazil","authors":"M.S Krol, A Jaeger, A Bronstert, J Krywkow","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00045-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00045-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Northeastern Brazil, an example of vulnerable semi-arid regions on the earth, is characterised by water scarcity and vulnerability of natural resources, pronounced climatic variability and social stress situations. Integrated studies involving hydrology, ecology, meteorology, climatology, pedology, agronomy, and social and economic sciences are required not only for analysing consequences of the adverse natural conditions but also to assess possible strategies to make semi-arid regions less vulnerable to the present and changing climate.</p><p>Integrated modelling of the relationships between water availability, quality of life and migration, including aspects of global change processes, in the <em>Semi-arid Integrated Model</em> (SIM) serves to understand the dynamics of the system. An overview of the concept, structure and application results of the integrated model are given.</p><p>A sensitivity study on climate change illustrates potentially significant adverse effects on the region. Moreover, it shows that a regional integrated model is a suitable tool for complex and interdisciplinary studies. The present version of SIM still is in a development phase, especially in its representation of socio-economic processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 7","pages":"Pages 529-533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00045-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90755495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 56

The effects of river flow on water quality in estuarine impoundments 河流流量对河口水库水质的影响

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00079-X

J. Wright, F. Worrall

{"title":"The effects of river flow on water quality in estuarine impoundments","authors":"J. Wright, F. Worrall","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00079-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00079-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several impoundment schemes have been built or are proposed in the UK and worldwide. Impounding fundamentally alters the dynamics of estuaries with consequences in terms of sedimentation patterns and rates as well as water quality. This paper presents some initial findings on the relationships of water quality to river flow based on work done on the Tees impoundment in Northeast England (a total exclusion system) in the summer of 1999 and the winter of 2000. Eleven water quality surveys were undertaken to measure a range of water quality parameters (BOD, alkalinity, pH, Eh, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, suspended solids, nitrate plus nitrite, ammonium and orthophosphate, and a range of metals) over a variety of states of river flow. Statistical analysis was used to determine whether the major water quality parameters were controlled by processes internal to the impoundment, i.e. with water depth and distance downstream, or external inputs to the impoundment. Those reported as controlled by external inputs include nitrate and nitrite, phosphate, dissolved oxygen, dissolved metals, conductivity, alkalinity, and temperature. pH, and to a minor extent dissolved oxygen and nutrients, show internal control. Understanding the controls on water quality parameters will allow more sustainable management such schemes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 9","pages":"Pages 741-746"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00079-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85103862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17