Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere最新文献_第3页

LINCOM wind flow model: application to complex terrain with thermal stratification LINCOM风流模型在复杂地形热分层中的应用

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00095-8

F. Dunkerley , J. Moreno , T. Mikkelsen , I.H. Griffiths

引用次数: 8

Application of a catchment water quality model for assessment and prediction of nitrogen budgets 集水区水质模型在氮收支评估和预测中的应用

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00048-X

M. Eisele, R. Kiese, A. Krämer, C. Leibundgut

引用次数: 13

Modelling the UK reduced nitrogen budget 模拟英国减少了氮预算

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00091-0

D.S. Lee, R.D. Kingdon

{"title":"Modelling the UK reduced nitrogen budget","authors":"D.S. Lee, R.D. Kingdon","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00091-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00091-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Currently, more deposition of reduced nitrogen species to the UK is measured than can be accounted for from the calculated emissions. A newly developed long-range transport model was used to study this budget. Changes in horizontal resolution of model and an improved parameterization of dry deposition of ammonia gave an improved agreement between measured and modelled deposition. However, the model still estimated only 65% of the measured deposition with a UK emissions term of 283 ktonnes N yr<sup>−1</sup>. Scaling the emissions by factors of × 1.2 and × 1.3 still resulted in the model underestimating of reduced nitrogen deposition. Modelled aerosol ammonium and ammonia gas concentrations for the base-case were compared with observations. The ammonia gas concentrations appear to be modelled reasonably well but the aerosol ammonium concentrations were underestimated by a factor of at least 2. This is an important finding as this indicates that other parameters related to wet deposition simulation are unlikely to be in gross error, implying that the UK emissions term is too small. It was concluded that an emission source term of the order 400 ktonnes N yr<sup>−1</sup> is required to reconcile the model with the measurements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 10","pages":"Pages 819-824"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00091-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73999836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Grid stirred turbulence: applications to the initiation of sediment motion and lift-off studies 栅格搅拌湍流:泥沙运动起始和上升研究的应用

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00010-7

P. Medina, M.A. Sánchez, J.M. Redondo

引用次数: 27

The effects of river flow on water quality in estuarine impoundments 河流流量对河口水库水质的影响

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00079-X

J. Wright, F. Worrall

{"title":"The effects of river flow on water quality in estuarine impoundments","authors":"J. Wright, F. Worrall","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00079-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00079-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several impoundment schemes have been built or are proposed in the UK and worldwide. Impounding fundamentally alters the dynamics of estuaries with consequences in terms of sedimentation patterns and rates as well as water quality. This paper presents some initial findings on the relationships of water quality to river flow based on work done on the Tees impoundment in Northeast England (a total exclusion system) in the summer of 1999 and the winter of 2000. Eleven water quality surveys were undertaken to measure a range of water quality parameters (BOD, alkalinity, pH, Eh, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, suspended solids, nitrate plus nitrite, ammonium and orthophosphate, and a range of metals) over a variety of states of river flow. Statistical analysis was used to determine whether the major water quality parameters were controlled by processes internal to the impoundment, i.e. with water depth and distance downstream, or external inputs to the impoundment. Those reported as controlled by external inputs include nitrate and nitrite, phosphate, dissolved oxygen, dissolved metals, conductivity, alkalinity, and temperature. pH, and to a minor extent dissolved oxygen and nutrients, show internal control. Understanding the controls on water quality parameters will allow more sustainable management such schemes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 9","pages":"Pages 741-746"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00079-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85103862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Development of a high resolution integrated nested model for studying air pollution in Denmark 研究丹麦空气污染的高分辨率综合嵌套模式的发展

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00084-3

L.M. Frohn, J.H. Christensen, J. Brandt, O. Hertel

{"title":"Development of a high resolution integrated nested model for studying air pollution in Denmark","authors":"L.M. Frohn, J.H. Christensen, J. Brandt, O. Hertel","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00084-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00084-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A 3-D Eulerian transport-chemistry model, REGINA (REGIonal high resolutionN Air pollution model), based on models developed over the last decade at the National Environmental Research Institute (DREAM, DEHM, ACDEP and DEOM) is currently under development. The model will be applied to studies of air pollution phenomena (both monitoring, forecasts and scenarios) over Denmark, where there are extensive coastal areas that require a high resolution model in order to resolve the effects of e.g. land-sea interactions. The goal is to obtain a nested grid model capable of high resolution operation. It is very important to implement numerical methods suited for the high model resolution in order to make sure that significant errors are not introduced by the numerics. In this paper the model concepts of REGINA will be described. Special attention will be on the numerical methods and numerical test results concerning the advection and chemistry. Furthermore examples of model results and some preliminary validations with measurements from EMEP will be shown. The numerical test results show, that the methods chosen for the model are very accurate with small numerical errors. The next step will be to implement high resolution input data (emission, land use and meteorological data) and physical parameterisations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 10","pages":"Pages 769-774"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00084-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81738739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 45

Density fronts: Sieves in the estuarine sediment transfer system? 密度前沿:河口泥沙转移系统中的筛子?

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)85020-6

A.D. Reeves, R.W. Duck

引用次数: 13

Local probabilistic neural networks in hydrology 水文学中的局部概率神经网络

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)85006-1

P. Torfs , R. Wójcik

{"title":"Local probabilistic neural networks in hydrology","authors":"P. Torfs , R. Wójcik","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)85006-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)85006-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the many types of neural networks that found application in hydrology is the <em>probabilistic neural networks</em>. Probabilistic neural networks are based upon the Parzen approximation of probability densities by (Gaussian) kernels. The advantages of probabilistic neural networks are that they learn extremely quickly, give probabilistic interpretation and by this not only produce estimation of the mean but also give insight into the other statistics of the errors.</p><p>When (in higher dimensions) the observations tend to cluster around lower dimensional subspaces, the classical approach fails by not being able to take this into account. The solution proposed here is to use a local version, based upon Gaussian kernels with locally estimated covariances. This concept resembles the “local and global embedding dimension” used in (classical) deterministic time series analysis.</p><p>As an example, results on predicting discharges in a small catchment will be presented. Inputs are lagged discharges. If the time discretisation scale is rather small, and one uses many lags, the input space becomes high dimensional but the observations by the mutual dependence between the components of the input fill only a lower dimensional subspace of this. It will be shown that this new technique offers better results in these cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)85006-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91440408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

The use of decision support tools in participatory river basin management 参与式流域管理中决策支持工具的使用

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00046-6

M. Welp

{"title":"The use of decision support tools in participatory river basin management","authors":"M. Welp","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00046-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00046-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There are growing demands for effective public participation in river basin management. These are posed among others by the proposed EU Water Framework Directive as well as international conventions and policy documents. The demands will raise a need for guidance on exactly how the public is to be involved. In public participation ‘decision support tools’ (DST) and integrated modelling can have a role to play. Many computer tools not only can serve as tools for analysis for experts, but also as vehicles for communication, training, forecasting and experimentation. Illustrated by selected examples of software a range of tools and their potential applications are presented. Essential for the added-value of computer tools in stakeholder participation, in comparison to other methods like expert presentations, fact sheets, etc., is the way they are used. Lessons can be drawn from projects where computer tools were used in other policy areas. Within an European research project on energy and climate policy (ULYSSES) integrated models on global climate change were used in integrated assessment (IA) focus groups. A web-based tutorial for the use of computer models was developed. It gives guidelines for the design and setup of participatory arrangements in conjunction with computer models. Besides procedural recommendations lessons can be drawn concerning the kind of output the tools should provide and the early involvement of users is modelling and software development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 7","pages":"Pages 535-539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00046-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91605981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 66

Spectral and Spatial Classification Methods in the ARSGISIP project ARSGISIP项目中的光谱和空间分类方法

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00057-0

B. Müschen , W.A. Flügel , V. Hochschild , K. Steinnocher , F. Quiel

引用次数: 8