Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere最新文献_第4页

Hydrologic Response to land use changes on the catchment scale 流域尺度上土地利用变化的水文响应

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00052-1

N. Fohrer, S. Haverkamp, K. Eckhardt, H.-G. Frede

{"title":"Hydrologic Response to land use changes on the catchment scale","authors":"N. Fohrer, S. Haverkamp, K. Eckhardt, H.-G. Frede","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00052-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00052-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Regional land use changes due to European market policy have far reaching consequences for various landscape functions. Among others land use change influences the local water balance. Simulation models are mostly used to analyse the effect of management practices on water quality but they can also be a useful tool to quantify the hydrologic response of a catchment to different land use options. In this study the physically based, continuous time step model SWAT<sub>mod</sub> has been applied within the joint research project SFB 299 at the Giessen University to support the development of sustainable land use concepts. In a first step the model has been calibrated and validated for four mesoscale watersheds with differing land use distributions. Then the model performance for changing land use has been tested in an artificial watershed with a single crop at one time and one underlying soil type to eliminate the complex interactions of natural watersheds. In relation to forest barley produced the strongest response of the water balance components. Finally a case study for the Dietzhölze watershed with two land use scenarios derived with the ProLand model has been carried out. The impact of land use change on the annual water balance was relatively small due to compensating effects in a complex catchment. The decrease of forest due to a grassland bonus amplifies the peak flow rate and thus increases the risk of flooding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 7","pages":"Pages 577-582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00052-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91635117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 393

Monitoring based time-prediction of rock falls: Three case-histories 基于时间预测的岩崩监测:三个历史案例

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00234-3

J Zvelebill , M Moser

{"title":"Monitoring based time-prediction of rock falls: Three case-histories","authors":"J Zvelebill , M Moser","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00234-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00234-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Three case-histories are aimed to show possibilities how to use results of dilatometric measurements of relative displacements on rock cracks to assess actual rock slope instability and to make time-predictions of a rock fall. The prediction of a collapse of a sandstone rock wall above an international road in the Northern Bohemia was made 2 months beforehand, and the critical 7-days time-window was met with 1-day precision. For an unstable sandstone cliff in the same geographic area, the beginning for the the final phase of a rock fall preparation was foreseen 1 year before. The prognosis of the month entailing immediate rock fall danger was made 5 months beforehand, and then proved using a monitoring method. The time series of a 2 years lasting monitoring enabled the long-time prognosis of rock falling activity from a limestone cliff in Austrian Alps, in 1990. At present time, the prognosis seems to become fulfilled in the next 2 years. These years are making the upper limit of its most probable time window. The needs to improve methods of the medium- and the longtime ranging prognostication to meet the majority of practical demands are briefly discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 2","pages":"Pages 159-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00234-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91637084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 46

Comparison of two hydrological simulations of the Rhone basin 罗纳河流域两种水文模拟的比较

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00035-1

C. Golaz-Cavazzi , P. Etchevers , F. Habets , E. Ledoux , J. Noilhan

{"title":"Comparison of two hydrological simulations of the Rhone basin","authors":"C. Golaz-Cavazzi , P. Etchevers , F. Habets , E. Ledoux , J. Noilhan","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00035-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00035-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of the GEWEX/Rhone project is to develop a regional model of the surface energy and water cycles, coupled with a macroscale hydrological model within the Rhone basin. Two methods have been used: the Standard MODCOU model (SM) and CIRSE. SM computes the water balance with a daily time step using production functions consisting of 3 reservoirs. CIRSE is comprised of the ISBA surface scheme and the detailed CROCUS snow scheme. It solves the energy and water balances with a 5-minute time step. Both methods use the same model for the runoff routing and the water table evolution. This article presents the application of the 2 methods over the French part of the Rhone basin (86500 km2), for the 14-year period August 1981 to July 1995. Both models give satisfying results. SM, which was calibrated over a 3-year period, obtains the best results in terms of daily efficiency. However, the simulated total annual discharge is closer to the observations with CIRSE than with SM. This is due to the representation of the vegetation cycle and probably to a more realistic description of the soil moisture and evaporation in CIRSE.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 5","pages":"Pages 461-466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00035-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90090224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

A generalized Fick's law to describe non-local transport effects 描述非局部运输效应的广义菲克定律

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00006-5

P. Paradisi , R. Cesari , F. Mainardi , A. Maurizi , F. Tampieri

{"title":"A generalized Fick's law to describe non-local transport effects","authors":"P. Paradisi , R. Cesari , F. Mainardi , A. Maurizi , F. Tampieri","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00006-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00006-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fick's law is extensively used as a model for turbulent diffusion processes. It requires separation of scales between those of the process driving the diffusion mechanism and the scale of variation of the mean quantity being diffused. This makes the model unsuitable for the description of non-local transport processes like those occurring in some turbulent flows.</p><p>A generalized Fick's law is proposed using a fractional derivative operator which accounts for non-local phenomena in virtue of its integral nature. This generalization is suggested as a model for two typical phenomena, like those observed in the convective boundary layer (CBL), which cannot be reduced to a local formulation: the inadequacy in the flux-gradient relationship when considering bottom-up dispersion (in particular, the counter-gradient transport) and the vertical drift of the location of the maximum concentration even in the absence of the mean velocity field.</p><p>The solution of the generalized diffusion equation qualitatively reproduces the above described features, supporting the fractional derivative description of turbulent transport in complex flows. A quantitative approach requires extensive investigation in order to deal with the details of real cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 4","pages":"Pages 275-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00006-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91187975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Exploring the urban boundary layer by sodar and tethersonde 利用雷达和绳式探空仪探测城市边界层

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)85001-2

M. Piringer, K. Baumann

引用次数: 0

Influence of tides and river inputs on suspended sediment transport in the Ria de Aveiro lagoon, Portugal 潮汐和河流输入对葡萄牙Ria de Aveiro泻湖悬浮沉积物运输的影响

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00077-6

J.F. Lopes , J.M. Dias , I. Dekeyser

引用次数: 0

A multi-method study of bedload provenance and transport pathways in an estuarine channel 河口河道河床质物源及搬运途径的多方法研究

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00080-6

R.W. Duck, J.S. Rowan, P.A. Jenkins, I. Youngs

{"title":"A multi-method study of bedload provenance and transport pathways in an estuarine channel","authors":"R.W. Duck, J.S. Rowan, P.A. Jenkins, I. Youngs","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00080-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00080-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bedload transport pathways and provenance in the upper reaches of the Tay Estuary, Scotland have been investigated using a combination of three methods, analysis of bedform geometry and asymmetry using echo-sounding and side-scan sonar, the ‘McLaren Model’ of deducing sediment transport from grain size distributions and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The 13.5 km long study reach has been shown to be a complex mixing zone in which bedform asymmetry varies both temporally and spatially. Both grain size transport trends and magnetic susceptibility data suggest that the area is dominated by marine derived bedload but, to the south of the main channel axis, the contribution from fluvial input increases. A simple mixing model based on optimised linear programming has shown the relative contribution made to estuary bed sediments from marine and fluvial sources. With increased distance upstream the role of fluvial sources becomes more pronounced peaking at 24%. Together the results clearly illustrate the dominance of marine-derived bedload in the study area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 9","pages":"Pages 747-752"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00080-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137441666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synoptic and hydrological analysis of a flood event 洪水事件的天气和水文分析

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00065-X

L. Ferraris , O. Reale , B. Turato

{"title":"Synoptic and hydrological analysis of a flood event","authors":"L. Ferraris , O. Reale , B. Turato","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00065-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00065-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This is a four-step study to analyze a flood event which occurred over Friuli (north-eastern Italy) during October 1998. The first step is a synoptic analysis, in which the importance of moisture originated in the tropical Atlantic, and carried towards the Mediterranean by the remnants of a former tropical system, is emphasized. The second step analyzes the numerical forecast, as performed by the NCEP Medium range forecast (MRF) global model and by the limited area model called <em>Eta model</em><span><sup>1</sup></span> (<span>Black, 1994</span>; <span>Mesinger, 1984</span>; <span>Mesinger et al., 1988</span>), highlighting the importance of the large scale forcing. The third step involves multifractal modeling (<span>Deidda et al., 1999</span>) on the rainfall forecast for two different simulations. Finally, the hydrological effects over land, produced by the predicted precipitation, are compared with the observed effects. The results suggest the importance of the correct representation of the large scale forcing for the regional models, and the crucial contribution of multifractal modeling to reproduce the spatial variability of the rainfall on a hydrologically significant scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 9","pages":"Pages 655-661"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00065-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87449417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Impact of grid size in GIS based flood extent mapping using a 1D flow model 网格尺寸对基于GIS的一维流模型洪水范围制图的影响

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00043-0

M.G.F. Werner

引用次数: 136

Hydrologic Response to land use changes on the catchment scale 流域尺度上土地利用变化的水文响应

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00052-1

N. Fohrer, S. Haverkamp, K. Eckhardt, H. Frede

引用次数: 398