Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere最新文献_第5页

Study of time dependency of factors affecting the spatial distribution of soil water content in a field-plot 农田土壤含水量空间分布影响因子的时间依赖性研究

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-07-13 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00060-0

D. Jacques , B. Mohanty , A. Timmerman , J. Feyen

{"title":"Study of time dependency of factors affecting the spatial distribution of soil water content in a field-plot","authors":"D. Jacques , B. Mohanty , A. Timmerman , J. Feyen","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00060-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00060-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Temporal and spatial variability of water content in soil results from a complex interaction of different factors such as duration and frequency of rainfall, soil layering, vegetation, and topography. The objectives of this study were (i) to use a resistant median-polishing scheme to quantify the temporal variability of a depth and a horizontal location factor in an additive model, and (ii) to investigate the time stability of those two factors at a detailed temporal scale during different infiltration and redistributions cycles. Time series of water content were measured at 5 depths and 12 locations along a transect of 6 m using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR). Measurements were repeated every 2-hours for 168 days under natural boundary conditions. At each time step, the mean water content of the soil profile, 5 depth factors and 12 location factors were estimated. The time series of these factors were qualitatively interpreted and related to the atmospheric and prevailing soil conditions. It was found that micro-heterogeneity plays an important role, even at this small plot-scale. The relative contributions of the factors were dependent on the antecedent soil moisture conditions. Also, the ratio of the deterministic variance, i.e., variance explained by the deterministic factors, of water content to the observed variance is variable in time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 7","pages":"Pages 629-634"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00060-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73748326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Synoptic and hydrological analysis of a flood event 洪水事件的天气和水文分析

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00065-X

L. Ferraris , O. Reale , B. Turato

{"title":"Synoptic and hydrological analysis of a flood event","authors":"L. Ferraris , O. Reale , B. Turato","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00065-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00065-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This is a four-step study to analyze a flood event which occurred over Friuli (north-eastern Italy) during October 1998. The first step is a synoptic analysis, in which the importance of moisture originated in the tropical Atlantic, and carried towards the Mediterranean by the remnants of a former tropical system, is emphasized. The second step analyzes the numerical forecast, as performed by the NCEP Medium range forecast (MRF) global model and by the limited area model called <em>Eta model</em><span><sup>1</sup></span> (<span>Black, 1994</span>; <span>Mesinger, 1984</span>; <span>Mesinger et al., 1988</span>), highlighting the importance of the large scale forcing. The third step involves multifractal modeling (<span>Deidda et al., 1999</span>) on the rainfall forecast for two different simulations. Finally, the hydrological effects over land, produced by the predicted precipitation, are compared with the observed effects. The results suggest the importance of the correct representation of the large scale forcing for the regional models, and the crucial contribution of multifractal modeling to reproduce the spatial variability of the rainfall on a hydrologically significant scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 9","pages":"Pages 655-661"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00065-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87449417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Impact of grid size in GIS based flood extent mapping using a 1D flow model 网格尺寸对基于GIS的一维流模型洪水范围制图的影响

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-07-13 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00043-0

M.G.F. Werner

引用次数: 136

Reconstruction of daily global radiation for past years for use in agricultural models 用于农业模式的历年全球日辐射重建

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00248-3

H. Oesterle

{"title":"Reconstruction of daily global radiation for past years for use in agricultural models","authors":"H. Oesterle","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00248-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00248-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A method of estimation of daily global radiation based on standard meteorological observations is presented. Global radiation may be calculated with one-dimensional regression equations, either with or without conditions (constraints). Daily duration of sunshine, mean cloudiness or temperature range can be used as predictors in either case. In general to select the proper equations with conditions, humidity was chosen as a master variable. Formulation and validation of the regression equations is done on the basis of data from 42 German radiation stations. The annual root mean square error (RMSE) between values calculated for individual days with the estimation method developed, and measured data, was about 1.6 MJ m<sup>−2</sup> day<sup>−1</sup> using sunshine duration as the predictor and 3.0 MJ m<sup>−2</sup> day<sup>−1</sup> using both temperature range and relative humidity as predictors.</p><p>This estimation method has been used for reconstruction of daily global radiation for about 400 German meteorological stations for years, and for stations without observations of global radiation. Reconstructed data will be used in agricultural and hydrological models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 253-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00248-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73202322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Correction of synoptic precipitation observations due to systematic measuring errors with special regard to precipitation phases 由于系统测量误差引起的天气性降水观测的校正，特别是关于降水阶段的校正

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00070-3

T. Fuchs , J. Rapp , F. Rubel , B. Rudolf

引用次数: 74

A Cellular Automata model for soil erosion by water 水对土壤侵蚀的元胞自动机模型

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)85011-5

D. D'Ambrosio , S. Di Gregorio , S. Gabriele , R. Gaudio

引用次数: 121

The importance of sediment characteristics and trap efficiency in assessing sediment yield using retention ponds 泥沙特征和捕集器效率在利用截留池评估产沙量中的重要性

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)85019-X

G. Verstraeten, J. Poesen

引用次数: 16

PODIUM: Projecting water supply and demand for food production in 2025 讲台:预测2025年粮食生产用水供应和需求

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00099-5

C. de Fraiture, D. Molden, U. Amarasinghe, I. Makin

{"title":"PODIUM: Projecting water supply and demand for food production in 2025","authors":"C. de Fraiture, D. Molden, U. Amarasinghe, I. Makin","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00099-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00099-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since 1997, IWMI has been developing models to investigate future food and water requirements. Since the initial results were published (Seckler et al., 1998), the data and methodologies were refined substantially, evolving into the PODIUM model. The model estimates projected increases in water demand in 2025 resulting from the expected population growth and changes in consumption pattern, for individual nations. The PODIUM model provides a user-friendly means to analyze alternative future scenarios and conduct sensitivity analysis.</p><p>As part of the World Water Vision 2025 exercise, the PODIUM model was used to test a range of scenarios related to food and water demand. In the IWMI base scenario, 33 percent of the population of the studied countries will face <em>absolute water scarcity</em>. These countries will not have sufficient water resources to meet water needs.</p><p>Another 45 percent of the population live in countries that will face <em>economic scarcity</em>. Countries in this category may not have the capacity or financial resources to develop sufficient water resources. Globally, water diversions to agriculture will grow by 17 percent. Fifteen countries, mainly in the Middle East and Africa, will rely on cereal imports for more than 25 percent of their grain consumption (Seckler et al., 2000).</p><p>This paper presents the modeling strategies adopted in the PODIUM model and the results obtained during the development of the World Water Vision (Rijsberman and Cosgrove, 2000). These results indicate the need for substantial investment in water resources development, improving agricultural water use and expansion of both irrigated and rain-fed agriculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 11","pages":"Pages 869-876"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00099-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85854962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 36

Seasonality in the impact of ENSO and the north atlantic high on caribbean rainfall ENSO和北大西洋高压对加勒比地区降雨影响的季节性

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00231-8

A Giannini, Y Kushnir, M.A Cane

{"title":"Seasonality in the impact of ENSO and the north atlantic high on caribbean rainfall","authors":"A Giannini, Y Kushnir, M.A Cane","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00231-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00231-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Caribbean rainfall is affected by climate variability of Pacific and Atlantic origin, e.g. the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, and variability in the North Atlantic High sea level pressure (SLP) center, respectively. During the lifetime of an ENSO cycle, the basin experiences dry and wet extremes. In the case of a warm event, the dry extreme precedes the mature ENSO phase, and can be explained in terms of a direct response to the atmospheric anomaly generated by the warm sea surface temperatures (SST) in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The wet extreme follows the mature phase, and is consistent with the lagged warming effect of ENSO on tropical North Atlantic SSTs. The wintertime state of the North Atlantic High is hypothesized to affect Caribbean rainfall through its effect on tropical SST. A strong North Atlantic High SLP center during the early months of the calendar year strengthens the trade winds, hence cooling SSTs in the tropical latitudes of the North Atlantic. The effect lingers on most noticeably until the start of the Caribbean rainy season, in May–June, when cool SSTs are associated with deficient rainfall in the basin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 2","pages":"Pages 143-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00231-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91637941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 54

A new long-term gridded precipitation data-set for the alps and its application for Map and Alpclim 一种新的阿尔卑斯山长期格网降水数据集及其在地图和高原上的应用

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00029-6

I. Auer , R. Böhm , M. Maugeri

{"title":"A new long-term gridded precipitation data-set for the alps and its application for Map and Alpclim","authors":"I. Auer , R. Böhm , M. Maugeri","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00029-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00029-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the objectives of EU-project ALPCLIM is the generation of a gridded data-set of monthly instrumental precipitation data. The area of investigation covers the Alps and wide regions of the surroundings from 4° to 18°E and 43° to 49° N. Grid distance is 1 deg longitude and 1 deg latitude. The project is not finished yet, more than 140 single series have been collected by now and are in the state of homogeneity testing and adjusting. The average linear distance of the stations is 75 km. Furthermore first results can be shown, dealing with the main purpose of the generation of the instrumental data-set within ALPCLIM—to use the instrumental data (both temperature and precipitation) to create a longer temperature proxi-data-set based on stable isotope ice core data from high elevation sites in the Monte Rosa and Mont Blanc region. The ice core temperature proxis are supposed to be at least 500 years long. The precipitation series will be used to analyse the problem that ice-cores in principle carry information only for precipitation days, not for all days. Analyses on daily temperature and precipitation data of 50 years series have shown already a way to construct “precipitation-mass weighted mean temperatures” for the longer series based on monthly values. The degree of correlation of those “precipitation-mass-weighted” temperatures with real temperatures will decide on the possibility to use stable isotope proxis from high level sites as temperature information. In addition to the described use within ALPCLIM, also projects like MAP may profit from the outcome of the ALPCLIM precipitation data-set. It will provide the MAP community with carefully homogenised monthly precipitation series to see the situation of MAP-results in a long-term context.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 5","pages":"Pages 421-424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00029-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85360946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9