Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere最新文献_第7页

Ground-based remote sensing of atmospheric parameters using integrated profiling stations 基于综合剖面站的地面大气参数遥感

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00243-4

D.A.M. Engelbart, H. Steinhagen

引用次数: 6

Airborne observations of frontal systems in the inlet channel of the Ria de Aveiro, Portugal 葡萄牙Ria de Aveiro入口通道锋面系统的机载观测

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00075-2

J. Figueiredo da Silva , R.W. Duck , J.M. Anderson , J. McManus , J.G.C. Monk

{"title":"Airborne observations of frontal systems in the inlet channel of the Ria de Aveiro, Portugal","authors":"J. Figueiredo da Silva , R.W. Duck , J.M. Anderson , J. McManus , J.G.C. Monk","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00075-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00075-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flow from the Atlantic Ocean into the inlet channel of the Ria de Aveiro, Portugal, delimited by two west-converging breakwaters, moves a tidal prism of up to 110Mm<sup>3</sup>. The associated velocity field controls the formation and movement of foam lines and turbid water masses. Observation by airborne 35mm photography and direct measurements of surface water temperature, salinity and suspended solids concentration give a view of the circulation in the littoral zone, which is important as this area is soon to receive effluent from an outfall located c.3 km to the north. On the flood tide turbid water is diverted from the north-south direction of the littoral drift into the channel. On the ebb this turbid water is pushed offshore by a jet flowing west and south-west from the channel. The surface water temperature inside the channel mouth is lower on the north side where the salinity is less reduced by dilution with lagoon water. During the flood tide the water flowing from the north rotates to the east, forced by flow from the south-west along the axis of the channel. This motion holds the less dense water on the south side and causes intense vertical mixing on the N side. The frontal convergence of these two water masses is usually marked at the surface by a clear foam line.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 9","pages":"Pages 713-719"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00075-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137439724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phenomenological validation of a regional rainfall frequency analysis 区域降雨频率分析的现象学验证

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00064-8

A. Parodi , G. Boni

引用次数: 3

Validation of a regional weather forecast model with GPS data 利用GPS资料验证区域天气预报模式

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00028-4

K.-P. Johnsen, B. Rockel

{"title":"Validation of a regional weather forecast model with GPS data","authors":"K.-P. Johnsen, B. Rockel","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00028-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00028-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The atmospheric water vapor content is one of the most important parameters for the hydrological cycle. In order to investigate the energy and water balance over the Baltic Sea and its catchment, the hydrostatic regional weather forecast model HRM (<strong>H</strong>igh resolution <strong>R</strong>egional <strong>M</strong>odel) of the German Weather Service (DWD) is validated against groundbased GPS data within the BALTEX (Baltic Sea Experiment) region and the PIDCAP period (<strong>P</strong>ilot Study for <strong>I</strong>ntensive <strong>D</strong>ata <strong>C</strong>ollection and <strong>A</strong>nalysis of <strong>P</strong>recipitation; August 1 to November 17, 1995). The vertically integrated water vapor content (IWV) derived from HRM shows a high correlation (coefficient = 0.935) and slightly (≈ 2.69 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) greater mean values than the GPS data mainly due to greater mean analyses data.</p><p>Between 1995 and 1998 GPS/MET aboard the Micro-Lab 1 successfully demonstrated the radio occultation technique to probe the Earth's atmosphere through its refraction effects on the signals transmitted by the GPS satellites. Profiles of the water vapor can be obtained from the GPS derived refractivity by using the temperature profiles of the HRM model. For a comparison of the vertical distribution of the specific humidity these water vapor profiles are used. Also lower values than with HRM were found. A comparison of the vertically IWV as derived from GPS/MET and from HRM shows a high correlation (coefficient = 0.90).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 5","pages":"Pages 415-419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00028-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77250121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Measuring, observing and pattern recognition of sediment transport in an armoured river using a sampler with attached underwater camera 用带水下摄像机的采样器测量、观察和模式识别装甲河流中沉积物的迁移

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)85015-2

H.D. Duizendstra

{"title":"Measuring, observing and pattern recognition of sediment transport in an armoured river using a sampler with attached underwater camera","authors":"H.D. Duizendstra","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)85015-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)85015-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In a small part of the Meuse, the only gravel bed river in the Netherlands, bed load transport cannot be measured from a measuring vessel because of the large flow velocities at flood discharges. Since 1994 these measurements were carried out from bridges by means of a truck with a winch. The first measurements were carried out with a Helley-Smith sampler and since 1997 the BTMA-2 sampler was used. The measurements of the bed load transport at the flood discharge of 2770 m<sup>3</sup>/s proved these measurements could be carried out for the entire range of discharges (Fig. 1). <figure><img></figure></p><p>On top of both samplers an underwater camera was attached by which pictures of the river bed and the inflowing bed load were taken and stored on a video tape. The combination of the measurements with pictures of the river bed give an explanation of the complex morphological behaviour of the Common Meuse at varying discharges due to the building of an armour layer. The latest measurements of the bed load transport (1998) show the timeshift between maximum discharge and maximum bed load transport as shown earlier in laboratory experiments (Klaassen, 1987).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 59-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)85015-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75383767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Towards integrated assessment of the implications of global change for water management - the Rhine experience 迈向综合评估全球变化对水管理的影响-莱茵河经验

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-07-13 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00049-1

H. Middelkoop , J.C.J. Kwadijk

{"title":"Towards integrated assessment of the implications of global change for water management - the Rhine experience","authors":"H. Middelkoop , J.C.J. Kwadijk","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00049-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00049-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rivers Rhine and Meuse fulfil important socio-economic and environmental functions for their riparian states. Even under present-day conditions, the demands for flood protection, inland navigation, ecology, hydropower, water availability for agriculture, industry and drinking water are high. Climate change is expected to enhance discrepancies between water supply and demand in the Rhine and Meuse rivers. This issue has been investigated in a sequence of climate-impact studies in the Rhine and Meuse basins. These studies firstly focused at hydrological changes. Subsequently, a detailed impact assessment of the demands and vulnerability of the user functions of the water systems in the Netherlands was carried out. In an ongoing project we will establish a set of integrated scenarios for the Rhine and Meuse basins, representing different world-views, based on the so-called Perspectives method. Using these scenarios we attempt to define water management strategies that are robust under uncertainty.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 7","pages":"Pages 553-560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00049-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91635118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Comparison of atmospheric boundary layer soundings by a metric and a decimetric RASS 用公制和分制RASS探测大气边界层的比较

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00240-9

P. Trivero , W. Biamino , A. Marzorati , P. Marcacci , G. Bonino , R. Rossello

{"title":"Comparison of atmospheric boundary layer soundings by a metric and a decimetric RASS","authors":"P. Trivero , W. Biamino , A. Marzorati , P. Marcacci , G. Bonino , R. Rossello","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00240-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00240-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The vertical thermal profile of the lower atmosphere can be remotely measured by the Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS). A RASS operating at the acoustic wavelength λ<sub>a</sub> ∼ 1 m was designed and developed twenty years ago. It is suitable for monitoring the temperature profile of the lower troposphere and has been utilised for studies of the atmospheric boundary layer in different conditions and for the application of control strategies to air pollution emissions. The acoustic antenna is composed by 9 folded horns covering an area of 7x7 m<sup>2</sup>; the two radar antennas are composed by arrays of dipoles with square reflector of 2.8x2.8 m<sup>2</sup> for each antenna. Therefore the metric RASS can be utilised only in a settled station. Recently we have designed and developed a decimetric RASS (λ<sub>a</sub> = 0.34 m) with smaller antennas, which can be used as a mobile system. It can be housed and carried by a trailer. As it is known, increasing the sounding frequency gives a decreasing of the sounding range. Comparisons of results obtained by both the metric and the decimetric RASS in different atmospheric conditions are presented and discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 201-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00240-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89119004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ground based remote profiling of the atmosphere: Demands, prospects and status 地面遥感大气剖面:需求、前景与现状

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00236-7

G. Peters

引用次数: 1

Intrusion of stratospheric ozone to the free troposphere through tropopause folds - a case study 平流层臭氧通过对流层顶褶皱侵入自由对流层-一个案例研究

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00088-0

J.H. Sørensen, N.W. Nielsen

{"title":"Intrusion of stratospheric ozone to the free troposphere through tropopause folds - a case study","authors":"J.H. Sørensen, N.W. Nielsen","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00088-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00088-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Simultaneous ozone radiosoundings at Jægersborg north of Copenhagen, Denmark, and at Gardermoen north of Oslo, Norway, at 12 UTC on 21 March, 1994, both show a pronounced peak of ozone in the free troposphere. A study involving routine radiosoundings as well as analysed numerical weather prediction (NWP) model data shows that a tropopause folding occurred over the Davis Strait and the southern part of Greenland about two days before the radiosoundings. Trajectory calculations performed using the same NWP model data indicate that air parcels corresponding to the observed ozone peaks at Jægersborg and at Gardermoen have passed trough the tropopause fold thus bringing down ozone rich air from the stratospheric ozone layer to the free troposphere. A quantitative simulation of this transport phenomenon is performed using an atmospheric three-dimensional long-range dispersion model. By fitting the simulated vertical profiles of ozone concentration to the observed profiles, an estimate is obtained of the rate of ozone intrusion through the tropopause fold.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 10","pages":"Pages 801-806"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00088-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80140721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

BALTEX precipitation analysis: results from the BRIDGE preparation phase BALTEX沉淀分析:BRIDGE制备阶段的结果

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00025-9

F. Rubel , M. Hantel

{"title":"BALTEX precipitation analysis: results from the BRIDGE preparation phase","authors":"F. Rubel , M. Hantel","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00025-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00025-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Baltic Sea Experiment (BALTEX) is the European contribution to the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX). During the preparation phase of the BALTEX main experiment BRIDGE a <em>Precipitation Correction and Analysis</em> (PCA) model has been designed and was tested using 3 years (August 1995 – December 1998) of about 4 000 rain gauge observations collected by the BALTEX Meteorological Data Centre (BMDC). The PCA model consists of two parts: (1) a bias correction and (2) a geostatistical module. The dynamic bias correction reduces the systematic underestimation of the rain gauges due to wind-induced, evaporation and wetting losses taking instrument-specific properties as well as additional information from synoptic observations into account. The mean correction factor has a maximum in February (1.25 – 1.50) and a minimum in August (1.02 – 1.05). The geostatistical module of the PCA model consists of an ordinary block kriging algorithm to estimate area averaged precipitation values on the grid of the meso-scale model REMO (spatial resolution: <span><math><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>6</mtext></math></span> degree or 18 km). Results, to be operationally produced during BRIDGE, will be daily, monthly and annual meso-scale precipitation fields based on quality checked, bias corrected rain gauge measurements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 5","pages":"Pages 397-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00025-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73802375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5