Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere最新文献_第9页

Development of COST 76 wind profiler network in Europe 欧洲COST 76风廓线网的发展

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00239-2

J. Nash, T.J. Oakley

引用次数: 18

Hydro-meteorological modelling of the Rhone basin: general presentation and objectives 罗纳河流域的水文气象模拟:一般介绍和目标

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00033-8

C. Ottlé , P. Etchevers , C. Golaz , F. Habets , J. Noilhan , E. Martin , E. Ledoux , E. Leblois , E. Sauquet , N. Amraoui , E. Artinian , J.L. Champeaux , C. Guérin , P. Lacarrère , P. le Moigne , G.M. Saulnier , D. Thiéry , D. Vidal-Madjar , S. Voirin

{"title":"Hydro-meteorological modelling of the Rhone basin: general presentation and objectives","authors":"C. Ottlé , P. Etchevers , C. Golaz , F. Habets , J. Noilhan , E. Martin , E. Ledoux , E. Leblois , E. Sauquet , N. Amraoui , E. Artinian , J.L. Champeaux , C. Guérin , P. Lacarrère , P. le Moigne , G.M. Saulnier , D. Thiéry , D. Vidal-Madjar , S. Voirin","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00033-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00033-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper presents the French national effort undertaken these 5 last years in order to build a hydrological modelisation of the Rhone catchment, coupling the surface and the atmosphere at regional scale. The modelling strategy is based on the coupling of the operational surface model (the ISBA SVAT scheme), the snow model (CROCUS) of Meteo-France and the distributed hydrological model MODCOU developed at Centre d'Informatique Géologique de l'Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris (CIG/ENSMP). As a first step, the coupled model (called in the following CIRSE) uses prescribed atmospheric forcing deduced from meteorological analysis. Several high resolution databases on a fourteen-year period have been constituted. The first part of the article presents the meteorological forcing database, the discharges database and the soil and vegetation maps. Then, the first results of CIRSE model and its validation on the riverflows are shown. As the coupled model was proved to be able to simulate present hydrology characteristics, it was finally used to conduct a preliminary climate change impact study. The impact of surface air temperature and precipitation variations on the hydrological cycle in a doubling CO<sub>2</sub> scenario simulated by the Meteo-France climate General Circulation Model (GCM) are shown.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 5","pages":"Pages 443-453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00033-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83145287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

The austrian emergency response modelling system TAMOS 奥地利应急模拟系统TAMOS

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00224-0

U Pechinger, M Langer, K Baumann, E Petz

{"title":"The austrian emergency response modelling system TAMOS","authors":"U Pechinger, M Langer, K Baumann, E Petz","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00224-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00224-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The emergency response modelling system TAMOS has been developed to predict dispersion and deposition of radioactive material in case of an accident at a nuclear power plant in the vicinity of Austria. The modelling system consists of a prognostic long-range transport and dispersion model and a diagnostic wind field and trajectory model.</p><p>The long-range dispersion model was intercompared with other emergency response models in the European real time modelling exercise RTMOD. Two hypothetical atmospheric releases, one from Chernobyl and the other from London were simulated. The forecasts of surface concentrations were evaluated by an automated statistical evaluation package at the European Community's Joint Research Centre (JRC) in Ispra (Mosca et al., 1998a). In general calculated concentrations from TAMOS compare well or are higher than those of the other emergency response models. For example the 75 percentile is within one order of magnitude with 14 models (out of 19) in experiment 1 and 15 models (out of 17) in experiment 2. Also cloud movement is captured well: during the whole 48 hour forecasting period the computed concentration fields cover at least part of the area with a confidence in contamination level of 80 to 100 % in both experiments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 2","pages":"Pages 99-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00224-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80681317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

River basin research and management: integrated modelling and investigation of land-use impacts on the hydrological cycle 流域研究与管理:土地利用对水文循环影响的综合模拟与调查

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00040-5

Axel Bronstert

引用次数: 5

Integrated assessment and multicriteria analysis 综合评估和多标准分析

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00047-8

V. Wenzel

引用次数: 8

Surface water and energy budgets for the Mississippi catchment area from global reanalysis and a regional climate model 来自全球再分析和区域气候模型的密西西比河流域地表水和能源预算

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00021-1

J.O. Roads, S. Chen

{"title":"Surface water and energy budgets for the Mississippi catchment area from global reanalysis and a regional climate model","authors":"J.O. Roads, S. Chen","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00021-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00021-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Characteristics of the Mississippi catchment surface water and energy budgets in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) regional spectral model (RSM) and the driving NCEP/NCAR global reanalysis (NCEPR) are compared. The RSM is similar to the Global Spectral Model (GSM) used in the reanalyses, in that it was originally derived from the global model. However, the RSM does not have an artificial water source to maintain the surface moisture (unlike the NCEPR) and the RSM surface water dries. Although the much larger wintertime surface water difference has only a small effect on the evaporation differences and other components of the wintertime water and energy cycles, summertime effects are greater. The RSM develops consistent summertime hydroclimatological differences of decreased surface water, precipitation, evaporation, increased sensible heating, outgoing longwave radiation, incoming solar radiation and temperature. The RSM Mississippi River basin also has larger interannual surface water (and other water and energy) variations than might be discerned from the NCEPR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 5","pages":"Pages 369-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00021-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86844271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Spectral and Spatial Classification Methods in the ARSGISIP project ARSGISIP项目中的光谱和空间分类方法

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00057-0

B. Muschen, W. Flügel, V. Hochschild, K. Steinnocher, F. Quiel

引用次数: 8

Transition Mechanism of Debris Flows Over Rigid Bed to Over Erodible Bed 泥石流在刚性床上向可蚀性床上的过渡机理

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00235-5

S. Egashira, T. Itoh, H. Takeuchi

引用次数: 45

Multi-scenario flood modeling in a mountain watershed using data from a NWP model, rain radar and rain gauges

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00042-9

S. Taschner, R. Ludwig, W. Mauser

{"title":"Multi-scenario flood modeling in a mountain watershed using data from a NWP model, rain radar and rain gauges","authors":"S. Taschner, R. Ludwig, W. Mauser","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00042-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00042-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation is the key parameter for flood modelling. The study presents an evaluation of different meteorological data sources to assess their applicability and reliability for flood modeling. Apart from conventional rain gauge data, the information of the Numerical Weather Prediction Model SWISS MODEL (SM) and radar interpreted precipitation taken from the rain radar Fuerholzen, operated by the German Weather Service, has been available. They are used within the framework of an extended and GIS-structured TOPMODEL (Beven and Kirkby, 1979; Beven , 1994; Ludwig and Mauser, 2000), to perform model simulations and forecasts in the Ammer catchment for a hazardous flood event in 1999. The disaggregation and scaling of precipitation data, to meet the requirements of the hydrological model, is of specific interest. A variety of procedures to disaggregate NWP information for a hydrological application is presented, emphasizing the influence of the selected algorithm on the model result. Applying the SM and the rain radar data set, the calculated flood volume is overestimated within a range of 15 to 36%, while the rain gauge data set leads to an underestimated runoff volume of 13%. A sensitivity analysis shows a high variability in the spatial and temporal distribution of predicted and recorded precipitation and its consequent effect on the performance of the hydrological model. However, positive conclusions for future applications of a meteorological and hydrological model synergy can be drawn from the outcome of this study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 7","pages":"Pages 509-515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00042-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84758275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Subgrid runoff parameterization 子网格径流参数化

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00034-X

F. Habets , G.M. Saulnier

{"title":"Subgrid runoff parameterization","authors":"F. Habets , G.M. Saulnier","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00034-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00034-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A subgrid parameterization of runoff based on the TOPMODEL hydrological framework is introduced within the ISBA surface scheme. Indeed, by the mean of a topographic index of hydrological similarity, the TOPMODEL framework suggests an explicit scaling equation linking local scale and macro scale water deficit. The idea is then to couple this scaling equation with ISBA to be able to associate the water content of each macro pixel (here 64<em>km</em><sup>2</sup>) simulated by ISBA to the corresponding subgrid spatial distribution of the local pixels (here 75×75<em>m</em><sup>2</sup>) of the digital elevation model (DEM). The main advantage is that this subgrid runoff parameterization depends only on the topography, without any calibration parameters. The ISBA-TOPMODEL model is tested in the Ardeche basin (France), for the period 1981–1995. Soil, vegetation and atmospheric forcing are taken form the GEWEX-Rhone database. The comparison between the simulation obtained with ISBA-TOPMODEL, the former version of ISBA including the Variable Infiltration Capacity subgrid runoff scheme, and the observations is presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101025,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","volume":"26 5","pages":"Pages 455-459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00034-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88044735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35